Animal Kingdom Muticellular Eukaryotic Heterotrophs Approximately 35 phyla Most phyla cells are...
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Transcript of Animal Kingdom Muticellular Eukaryotic Heterotrophs Approximately 35 phyla Most phyla cells are...
Animal Kingdom• Muticellular
• Eukaryotic
• Heterotrophs
• Approximately 35 phyla
• Most phyla cells are organized into tissues that make up organs.
• Most reproduce sexually.
• Motile sperm have flagella
• Nonmotile egg is much larger than sperm.
Animal Body Structures• The term Symmetry refers
to a consistent overall pattern of a structure.
• Asymmetrical – Having no distinctive body shape.
• Radial Symmetry - Similar part branch out in all directions from a central line.
• Bilateral Symmetry –Having two similar halves on either side of a central plane (mirror images of each side)
Asymmetrical
Body Cavities of Animals• Coelom- body cavity
• Acoelomate-not having a body cavity
• Pseudocoelomate-not a true body cavity.
• Coelomate-animal having a true body cavities
Animals and their body cavity
Invertebrates• Animals that do not
have a backbone.
• Invertebrates constitute the greatest number of animal species.
• Invertebrates are the most of the individual animals alive today
8 Phyla of Invertebrates
• Porifera
• Cnidaria
• Platyhelminthes
• Nematoda
• Annelida
• Molluska
• Arthropoda
• Echinodermata
Porifera (Sponges)
• 8000 species• Very porous tissue• Filter feeders• Contain spicules
(skeleton) & spongin (soft tissue).
• Sessil adults (nonmotile), motile larva
• Asymmetrical body plan
Sponges of the Ocean
Giant Barrel Sponge Venus flower basket
Vase sponge
Yellow sponge
Cnidaria (Coelenterates, means “hollow gut”)
• 9500 species• Two body forms
- medusa: bell shape
- polyp: vase shapeHave stinging cells called
cnidocytsExamples include:
jellyfish, coral, hydra, sea anemone, sea fan.
Cnidarians of the Ocean
Jellyfish
Coral
Sea anemone
Hydra
Jellyfish
Brain Coral
Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)
• 20,000 species
• Flat bodies and unsegmented
• Mostly parasitic, some free living
• Bilateral symmetry
• Acoelomates no body cavity
• Parastic
- tapeworm
-blood fluke
-sheep liver fluke
-beef fluke
•Free-living
-planarians
-marine flatworm
Platyhelminthes of the World
Marine flatworm
Blood fluke
Tapeworm
Planarian
Nematoda (Roundworms)
• 80,000
• Unsegmented
• Many parasitic
• Bilateral symmetry
• Example include:
-pinworm
-hookworm
-heartworm
-Trichinella
(porkworm)
-Ascaris
Nematoda’s of the World
Heartworm of a dog Hookworm
Trichinella(porkworm)
Ascaris
Annelida (segmented worms)
• 12,000 species
• Repeating body segments
• Bristles in most species.
• Bilateral symmetry
• Examples include:
-earthworm
-leeches
-sandworms
-clamworms
-fanworms
-Christmas tree worm
Annelida’s of the world
Clamworm leech
ChristmasTree Worm
Mollusca (soft-bodied invertebrates)
• 2nd largest group of invertebrates and of all other animals
• 100,000 species
• All have a mantle.
• Some have a shell covering the soft body.
Classes of Mollusca
*Polyphacophora(bearing many plates) -chitons*Bivalves(two siphons)
-clams-oysters -mussels-scallops
*Gastropods(Stomach-footed)-slugs-snails-nudibranch
*Cephalopods(Head-footed)-squids-octopus-nautilus-cuttlefish
Polyphacophora
Chitons
Bivalves
Clams
Mussels
Oysters
Scallops
Gsatropods
Slug
Snail
Nudibranch
Cephalopods
Giant SquidOctopus
Nautilus
Cuttlefish
Arthropoda (jointed legs)
• Largest phylum of the animal kingdom (1 million species)
• Has a exoskeleton
• Many species undergo metamorphosis (complete or incomplete metamorphosis)
Classes of Arthropods
• Insecta (6 legs)
-Largest class(800,000 species) include: fly, beetles, bee, grasshopper, moths, & butterflies
• Arachinids (8 legs)include: spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks, & horseshoe crabs
• Crustaceans (10 or more legs) include: lobsters, crabs, crayfish shrimp, barnacles
• Chilopoda (1pair of legs per segment) flat body, carnivorous include: centipeds
• Diplopoda (2 pair of legs per segment) round body, herbivorous include: millipeds
Insects and Metamorphosis
• Complete Metamorphosis
-process an insect passes through three separate stages of growth, as larva, pupa,
and adult.
•
Incomplete Metamorphosis
A life cycle of certain insects, such as crickets and grasshoppers, characterized by the absence of a pupa stage between the nymph and adult stage.
Insecta
Unicorn Beetle
Hercules Beetle
Insects have been present for about 350 million years, and humans for only 130,000 years. The oldest known fossil of an insect dates back 400 million years and is a springtail
PrayingMantis
More Insects
Walking StickKatydidDamselfly
Dragonfly Locust
Ladybug &Aphid
GiantVinegar Bug
Arachnids
Brown Recluse“fiddleback” Black widow
Scorpion
Tick Mite
Tarantula
Crustaceans
Lobster Crayfish or “crawdads”Barnacles
Water fleas or Daphnia
Shrimp Snow Crab
Chilopoda (Centipedes)
Australian centipede Redheaded Centipede
Amazon Giant Centipede Chinese Redheaded Centipede
Diplopoda (millipede)
African Giant Black Millipede
Echinodermata (spiny-skinned)
• 6000 species
• Radial Symmetry
• Water vascular system for movement
• Usually have a five-part body plan
• Examples include: Starfish (sea
stars)
Sea UrchinSand dollarsSea cucumbers
Brittle star
Echinoderms
Brittle star Starfish Sand Dollar
Sea Urchin Sea cucumber
Feather Star
Starfish and Clams
Regeneration
Tube feet
Eating a Clam
Water vascular system
Animal (Chordates)
• pharyngeal slits - a series of openings that connect the inside of the throat to the outside of the "neck". These are often, but not always, used as gills.
• post-anal tail - an extension of the body past the anal opening.
• dorsal nerve cord - a bundle of nerve fibers which runs down the "back". It connects the brain with the lateral muscles and other organs.
• notochord - cartilaginous rod running underneath, and supporting, the nerve cord.
Chordates
• Subphylums-
Cephalochordata*lancelets-Urochordata*tunicate-Vertebrata*all animals with abackbone
lancelet
Tunicate “Sea Squirt”
Larva Adult
Vertebrates
• Animals with an internal skeleton made of bone are called vertebrates.(Some are made of cartilage)
• Vertebrates include: primates, such as humans and monkeys; amphibians; reptiles; birds; and, fish
• Although vertebrates represent only a very small percentage of all animals, their size and mobility often allow them to dominate their environment.
Classes of Vertebrates
• Agnatha (Sucker fish)-jawless
-eel-like
-scale less
-skeleton made of cartilage
-most lamprey are parasitic
• Examples include:
-hagfish
-lamprey
Agantha
Mouth of lamprey
Hagfish
Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fish)
• Hinged jaws
• Paired fins
• Skeleton made entirely of cartilage
• They have placoid scales (sharks-rough teeth-like scales)
• Examples include:– Sharks
– Rays
– Skates
– sawfish
Chondrichthyes
Great White SharkSawfish
StingraySkateHammerhead shark
Osteichthyes (bony fish)
• Hinged jaws
• Paired fins
• Fish with skeleton made entirely of bone
• Largest class of vertebrates (23,500)
• 3 main groups-Lobe-finned fish:
coelacanths-Lung-fish:
lungfish-Ray-finned fish:
bass, perch, eel, gar, catfish,sea horse,
flounder& marlin
Lobe-finned fish(Coelacanths)
Lungfish
Ray-finned fish
Alligator garLargemouth bass
180 lbs
Seahorseflounder flounder
More Ray-finned fish
Clown fishPuffer fish
Morey EelArcher fish
Ray-finned fish
Crocodile fish
Paddlefish Blue Marlin
Crappie
Amphibian(both life or double life)
• Live part of its life on land and part in the water.
• Some may live in the water during the larva stage than move to land, but only return to the water for reproduction.
• Moist, smooth skin
• 3 main groups:
– Urodela (visible tail) salmander, mudpuppy, siren, & newts.
– Anura (without tail) frogs and toads
– Apoda (no legs) caecilian
Urodela (Visible Tail)
California Tiger Salamander
Siren
Mudpuppy Red-Spotted Newt
Anura (Without Tail)
Bullfrog Green Rock Frog (poisonous)
Poisonous Dart Frog American Toad
Leopard Frog
Apoda (no legs)
Sir Lanka Caecilian
Reptilia
• Dry, rough, leathery-like scales (waterproof)
• Eggs that have a leathery shell
• Descendents of dinosaurs
• Examples include:– Snakes
– Lizards
– Turtles
– Alligators and Crocodiles
Snakes
Rattlesnake Coral snake
Cottonmouth (water moccasin) Copperhead
Lizard
Mountain Boomer (collared lizard)
Horned Lizard(horny toad)
Gecko Komodo Dragon
Gila monster
Beaded lizard
(poisonous)
Turtles
Box turtleSnapping Turtle
Alligator Snapping Turtle
Sea Turtle Giant Tortoise
Alligators or Crocodiles
Alligator Crocodile
Aves (birds)
• Aves comes from the word meaning aviation
• Only animal to have feathers– Down feathers
(insulation)– Contour feathers
(flight)
• Have hollow bones (flight)
• Have a syrinx (sound)
• Descendents of reptiles
• 9000 species
Aves (birds)
Scissortail Flycatcher
EmuHummingbird
Penguin Bald EagleCalifornia Condor
Mammalia (Mammals)
• Body covered with hair, fur, subcutaneous fat
• 4600 species• Milk produced in
mammary glands• Respiration with the
use of a diaphragm (muscular sheet that
lies between the lungs and abdominal area)
• Orders Include:-Monotremes (egg laying mammals)
-Duck-billed platypus, Spiny anteater (short beaked echidna)-Marsupials (pouched mammals)
-Opossum, kangaroo, koala bear
More Mammals
• Placentals– Young develop entirely in the mothers uterus– Young nourished through the placenta via the
umbilical cord– Largest group of mammals (4500)
Monotremes
Spiny Anteater (echidna)
Duck-billed Platypus
Marsupials
Opossum
Kangaroo(wallaby)
Koala bear
Wombat
Placentals
Buffalo (Bison)
Whitetail Deer Bat
Dolphin Killer whaleHumans
More Placentals
Armadillo Elephant
AarvarkManatee
porcupine
Hedgehog
This is why you should study Biology!!!
HappyEaster!