ANIMAL KINGDOMCollege Biology

Bill Palmer

Animal KingdomSome are Warm and Fuzzy!

Animal KingdomSome are Mean and Scary!

Animal Kingdom-Nine Phyla

PORIFERASPONGE

CNIDERIAJELLYFISH

PLATYHELMINTHEAFLATWORM

NEMATODAROUNDWORM

MOLLUSCACLAM, OYSTER,

SQUIDANNELIDA

FISHING WORM

ARTHROPODAGRASSHOPPER,

CRAB

ECHINODERMATASEA STAR

CHORDATAFISH, MAN

ancestral protist

symmetrytissue

bilateral tissue symmetry

body cavity

protosomes

coelom coelompseudocoel

deuterosomes

Porifera Cnidaria

Platyhelminthes

Nematoda

Mollusca

Annelida

Arthropoda

Echinodermata

Chordata(Phyla)

Radial symmetry

Tree for

Classifying Animals

Characteristics of Animals

EukaryoticMulticellularEmbryonic developmentHeterotrophic, ingestiveNo cell wallsMobileTissues

ClassificationKingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

SpeciesRemember:There may be sub-groups and supra-groups

Phylum Porifera: The Sponges

No organsConglomerate of cellsSexual ReproductionAsexual reproduction

Budding

Phylum Porifera: The Sponges

Most MarineSome Fresh water(Grantia)

Grantia

freshwaterMarine

osculum

The currents causewater flow into poresand out the osculumat top.

Inner cells withflagellae createcurrents

Spicules strengthenthe walls.

Anatomy of Typical Sponge

Cnidaria (The Stingers)

Phylum Cnidaria

Examples: Jelly fish, corals, anemones

Stinging Cells (cnidocytes)

• harpoons

2 stagesPolyp

Medusa

Phylum Cnidaria

Most are Marine

Some Fresh water

Look for freshwater jellyfish in fall in large MO reservoirs

mouthtentacles

mesoglea

gastrovascularcavity

POLYP

MEDUSA

mesoglea

gastrovascularcavity

mouthtentacles

TWO FORMS

Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flatworms

Examples: Flukes, Planaria, TapewormsOrgans present No system of blood circulationParasitic (tapeworms, flukes)Free-living (planaria)

Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flukes

Human Liver Fluke

This species affects humans and destroys the liver.

Phylum Platyhelminthes: Tapeworms

Human Tapeworm

A parasite

Head or Scolex

Body Plan of Flatworm: Dugesia

Nervous SystemHead regionPrimitive Eyes

ReproductionSexualAsexual

nerve cords primitive eyescerebralganglia

ovariestestespenisgenitalpore

Nervoussystem

Reproductivesystem

Planaria

ancestral protist

symmetrytissue

bilateral tissue symmetry

body cavity

protosomes

coelom coelompseudocoel

deuterosomes

Porifera Cnidaria

Platyhelminthes

Nematoda

Mollusca

Annelida

Arthropoda

Echinodermata

Chordata(Phyla)

Radial symmetry

Complete digestive tract

Tree for Classifying Animals

Phylum Nematoda: Roundworms

Examples: Hookworm, Round worms, Guinea wormOrgans Present

Complete digestive tractRoles

pests for farmershuman parasites • trichinosis and hookworm• Sexual reproduction

Free livingSeparate sexes

Phylum Nematoda: Hookworms

Adult Worm “Mouth” with teeth

Hookworms enter humans through the

soles of the feet

Phylum Nematoda: Roundworms

Male

Female

CAUTION!!

Next slide is graphic

Guinea worms-

(Serpent of Fire in Bible)?

Phylum MolluscaClasses

Gastropods (snails, slugs)Bivalves (oysters, clams, and mussels) Cephalopods (octopus, squid, and nautilus)

Mantle tissueSecretes shells

Mollusca

Gastropod Cephalapoda Bivalves

Mollusca-Giant Squid

Phylum Annelida: Segmented Worms

Examples: earthworms, leeches

Body segmentation

Reproduction

Hermaphroditic (1 organism is male and female)

brain

mouth “hearts”

dorsal blood vesselintestine

anus

segments

coelomicspace

muscular wallsbetween

segments

pairs ofbristles

No lungs

Anatomy of Earthworm

Arthropoda (The jointed)

Crab with recently shed exoskeleton

Phylum Arthropoda: Jointed appendages

Exoskeleton carbohydrate protein Molting • Limits?

Appendagesjointed

Three Subphyla

I. Uniramia (Insects)• Three Segments (head, thorax, abdomen)

II. Crustacea (shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles)

III. Chelicerata (Spiders,ticks,mites, horseshoe crabs, centipedes, millipedes, scorpions)

• Chelicerae: Appendages near mouth used in feeding and venom injection

• Pedipalps (feeding/ courting/prey handling)

SOME INSECT ORDERS(There are more than 20 orders)

True Bug

Homoptera

Beetles

Coleoptera

Flies

Diptera

SOME INSECT ORDERS(There are more than 20 orders)

Bees, Wasps

Hymenoptera

Butterflies

Lepidoptera

Grasshoppers

Orthoptera

Insect

Centipede

LobsterWater flea

(Daphnia)

Barnacle

Horseshoe Crab Spider(Tarantula)

Mite

Echinodermata-The Spiny Ones

Sea Star

(old=Starfish)

Sea Cucumber Sea Anemone

Phylum Echinodermata:Spiny skin

Examples: starfish, sea urchin, sea cucumber, sand dollarWater vascular system

tube feet

Cephalochordata Vertebra Urochordata

The Chordates

Phylum Chordata

Three Subphyla Cephalochordata• Amphioxus (only representative)

Urochordata• Sea squirts

Vertebratanotochord dorsal nerve cord post-anal tail

anuspharyngeal slits Amphioxus

Cephalochordata

Amphioxus

UrochordataSea squirts (Tunicate)

VertebrataCheetah

Vertebrates

1. Cartilaginous fish (shark, ray)2. Bony fish (blue gill, salmon)3. Amphibian (frog, salamander)4. Reptile (snake, turtle, lizard)5. Birds (ostrich, swallow)6. Mammals (bear, human, duckbilled

platypus)

Vertebrate EvolutionCartilage to Bone

Half of vertebrates are fish.sharks and rays cartilaginousMost are bony fish

Transition to Land:

Amphibians: First land vertebrates

aquatic embryos and larvaeadults need moist environments.

Cartilaginous Fish

Manta Ray

Lobe-finned CoelacanthAncestor of all land vertebrates

Bony Fish

Marlin

Largemouth

Bass

Rainbow

Trout

Amphibians

Salamander

Frog

Toad

mature frog

immaturefrog

tadpole developing embryo

fertilizedegg

female

egg

sperm

male

Amphibian Life Cycle

ReptilesSnakes

Lizards

Turtles

Alligators

Vertebrate Evolution

Birds and Reptiles

Amniotic Egg• Terrestrial development• Internal Fertilization

Dinosaurs to BirdsBone similarities Transitional fossil

a

It has the teeth and claws of a dinosaur, but the unmistakable feathers of a bird. The drawing at right is an artist’s interpretation of the fossil at left.

Archaeopteryx

Common Bird Types

Duck

Bald Eagle

American Robin

Common Bird Types

Hummingbird

PheasantSandpiper

Vertebrate EvolutionMammals

Characteristics• Mammary glands• Near-constant internal temperature• hair • eggs that develop internally

Vertebrate EvolutionReproduction in Mammals

MonotremesMarsupialsPlacentals

MonotremesEgg-laying mammals Duck-Billed Platypus

MarsupialsMature in pouchKangaroo w/ Joey

MarsupialsOpossum is a common Missouri Marsupial

PlacentalNutrition from placentaGrizzly Bear

SOME PLACENTAL ORDERS

Bat

Chiroptera

Lion

Carnivore

Orca

Cetacean

Porcupine

Rodent

SOME PLACENTAL ORDERS

Gorilla

Primate

Elephant

Proboscidae

Whitetail Deer

Ungulate

Seal

Pinnadea

1. What are the 9 major phyla we examined?2. What are examples of the 9 major

phyla? 3. What are the characteristics that place

the organisms into those Phyla?4. What is symmetry? Types?5. What are examples of organisms with

different types of symmetry?

Wrap up

7. What are examples of organisms with different types of coeloms?

8. What are the 4 major characteristics of Chordata?

9. What are the 6 classes of Vertebrata?10. What are the characteristics of the 6

classes of Vertebrata?11. What are the 3 types of mammals?

(Define, describe, recognize and give examples?)

Wrap up

HOMEWORK

Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:

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