ANIMAL ISSUES • AUSTIN, TEXAS • NOVEMBER 18, 2016 Lize ... issues.pdfBubba Chrystaline, GSGRA...

AI Committee Report.htm[11/8/2017 12:10:18 PM]

ANIMAL ISSUES • AUSTIN, TEXAS • NOVEMBER 18, 2016 Lize MacDonald, GPRAAdam Romanik, KSGRABubba Chrystaline, GSGRAMark Scammell, SCCGRAJeanne McLeod, TGRATony Schwartz, NSGRA All six members are voting delegates. There were no animal injury reports filed in 2016. We reviewed the Canadian Professional Rodeo Association (CPRA) Code of Practice for the Care & Handling of RodeoLivestock, which was developed from combining rules from several other rodeo sanctioning bodies:

• Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association• Canadian Professional Rodeo Association• International Professional Rodeo Association• American Professional Rodeo Association• Women’s Professional Rodeo Association• National Intercollegiate Rodeo Association• National High School Rodeo Association• National Little Britches Rodeo Association• Northwest Professional Rodeo Association• Professional Western Rodeo Association• United Pro Rodeo Association

The committee found two rules in this document that are not in our body of rules that should be and are submitted as AI-1 & AI-2.


Biosecurity and Outbreaks - No Rodeos Affected in 2016 Last month, a quarantine declared for New World Screw Worms (flesh eating maggots) in Monroe County, Florida.This is the first case in the US since 1982.

• In the 1950s, USDA’s Agricultural Research Service developed a new method to eradicate the pest using a formof biological control called the sterile insect technique. Infertile male flies are released in infested areas. Whenthey mate with local females, no offspring result. With fewer fertile mates available in each succeeding generation, thefly breeds itself out of existence.

• USDA began using this technique in Florida in 1957 and eradicated the flies from the entire southeastern United Statesby 1959. The technique was next applied to the more extensively infested Southwest in 1962. By 1966, self-sustainingscrewworm populations were eliminated from the United States. However, there were still infestations in Mexico, andanimals crossing the border were causing some reinfestations in the United States. USDA worked with Mexicanofficials to reduce the flies in that country. After 1982, there were no more reinfestations in the United States, andMexico was officially declared free of screwworms in 1991. USDA then partnered with the countries of CentralAmerica to eradicate New World screwworms.

• Today, USDA and its partners maintain a permanent sterile fly barrier at the Darien Gap between Panama and Colombiato prevent the establishment of any screwworm flies that enter from South America.

• It could be March or April 2017 before the release of sterile screwworm flies by the USDA is reduced in thefight against the parasitic larvae.

• Choosing endangered Key deer found only in the Florida Keys as victims, screwworms have caused the deathsof 132 deer as of Tuesday (11/16/16). The deer, tortured by the worms that feed on living tissue, are euthanizedand incinerated on the grounds of the National Key Deer Refuge on Big Pine Key.

• This pest can infect humans and livestock.

http://www.freshfromflorida.com/Divisions-Offices/Animal-Industry/Consumer-Resources/Reportable-Animal-Diseases/New-World-Screwworm http://www.flkeysnews.com/news/local/article115094813.html

EHV-1 2016 Reports are down in 2016:

Map of EHV-1 for 11/18/15 – 11/18/16 from http://www.Wormsandgermsmap.com/ Kissing Bugs, vector for Chagas Disease


Animal Paramedics We will be exploring the possibility of hiring Certified Vet Techs in lieu of Veterinarians.

• Compile a list of services needed on hand at a rodeo• Compare that list with services that can be provided by Certified Vet Techs• Check for differences / restrictions in states• Check insurance requirements

Green Livestock: A stock contractor this year said this year that our chute crew had petted / spoiled his stock causing them to act outaggressively. This sounded counterintuitive and I could not find anything online about this phenomenon in searches forcauses for aggressive rodeo livestock. However, after looking again from searches in animal behavior research I found alot of data supporting his statement, for example:

Animal care has a profound effect on their temperament, and this is not always taken into consideration. Forexample, bull calves should never be teased, played with as a calf, treated roughly, or rubbed vigorously on theforehead and area of the horns. You should stroke under the chin (rather than on top of the head) as anappeasement, taming, grooming-like behavior. This is essentially the way cattle groom each other.https://nature.berkeley.edu/ucce50/ag-labor/7article/article29.htm

from Understanding Motivation of Cattle and Horses, by Temple Grandin, PhD

• True aggressive behavior occurs when an animal views a person as a herd mate that needs to be dominated. Theresulting behavior is cute in a young animal, but when the male becomes fully mature he can be dangerous. Atfull maturity he may turn on his caretakers to prove that he is now the dominant male in the herd.

• Young bulls and stallions must learn they are not people. When they grow up with their own kind they learn whothey are and any aggression is more likely to be directed toward their own kind.

• The male aggression problem is not due to the animal being tame. It is due to mistaken identity. Social behaviorin grazing animals has to be learned.http://www.grandin.com/behavior/principles/understanding.motivation.html

The research also answers another question that often comes up, “How can you tell if the steer is green or overly aggressive just bylooking at it?” There are a couple of scientific / objective tests done with squeeze chutes aka. crushes: the Crush Test Score and Flight-Speed [see attached document]. We will be exploring the possibility and logistics of using using these in the future. Respectively submitted,Kelly Peebles,Animal Issues Chair 2016

AI-1.htm[11/8/2017 12:11:01 PM]

AI-1 RODEO RULE IX – RODEO LIVESTOCK REQUIREMENTS 11. If an animal is injured during an event, it shall be removed as soon as possible from the arena to a place as isolatedand comfortable as possible to reduce stress to the animal. Each rodeo shall provide a method and the equipmentnecessary to remove injured animals from the arena; as well as a designated area available to treat any animal thatmay be injured.

AI-2.html[11/8/2017 12:11:00 PM]

AI-2

RODEO RULE IX – RODEO LIVESTOCK REQUIREMENTS

13. Livestock shall be transported in a safe and humane manner in accordance with local state, provencial andfederal laws.

Genetic and environmental factors affecting beef cattle temperament.

Sebastian HoppeInstitute of Animal Breeding and Genetics

Georg-August-University Goettingen

15th World Hereford Conference, Copenhagen

Introduction

Implications of this development:

• Required management tasks like identification of calves, weighing, herding or vaccinations can lead to handling problems.

• Higher risk of injuries.

• Increasing workload for cattle handling.

• Reduction of animal welfare.


Introduction

Definition of cattle temperament:

• Temperament is the response of an animal to human presence or human handling which can be quantified by measuring behaviour in a standardised test situation.

Cattle remaining calm and docile during handling are considered to have a good temperament.


Introduction

Factors affecting temperament:

Habituation

Breed

Temperament

Social EnvironmentAge

Gender

Production system Experience

Genetic Environment


Introduction

Assessment of cattle temperament:

Behavioural tests

Restrained tests

Non-restrained tests

Docility test

Fixation test

Crush test

Flight-time test


Crush test

• Temperamental differences between breeds are significant.

British breeds are more docile than continental breeds.

• Females are usually more behaviourally agitated during handling than males.

• Temperament is a moderately heritable trait in beef cattle.


Crush test

Advantages of the crush test:

• Implementation in the routine weighing process,

• with no additional workload required.

During restraint in the head bail, observations are made on:

• the animals behavioural agitation („crush score“)

• the animals balking behaviour while entering and leaving the crush.


Crush test

Crush score (Grandin, 1993):

1: calm, no movement

2: restless, shifting

3: squirming, occasionally shaking of the crush

4: continuous vigorous movement and shaking of the crush

5: rearing, twisting of the body or violent struggling


Crush test


Crush test

Flight-speed (Lanier et al., 2002)

A visual flight-speed score is given according to the animals gait while leaving the crush:

1: walk

2: trott

3: run

4: jump


Results

a,b P < 0,05c,d P < 0,001

a

bc

a

bdbd

ab b

a


Results

a,b; c,d P < 0,01e,f P < 0,05

a b b b b

a c be bd bdf


Results

• Temperament is significantly influenced by breed:• Continental breeds are more behaviourally

agitated during restraint. • British breeds have a significantly lower flight-

speed while leaving the crush.

British breeds are traditionally reared under extensive conditions, therefore an indirect selection for docile animals in the past is possible.


Results

• Temperament differs significantly between sexes.female calves are scored higher for both traits than their male counterparts.

• Effect of farm is significant for the behavioural agitation of the animals within a breed.

• Average scores are significantly higher in 2007 than in 2006.


Conclusions

• Crush test and visual flight-speed score are appropriate tools to characterise individual differences of beef cattle temperament.

• The estimated heritabilities are moderate:Selection for temperament is possible.

• Further studies are required to determine how selection could impact on other temperamental traits of beef cattle.

e. g. maternal protective behaviour.


Thank you for your attention

Thank you for your attention.

ANIMAL ISSUES • AUSTIN, TEXAS • NOVEMBER 18, 2016 Lize ... issues.pdfBubba Chrystaline, GSGRA...

Documents

Transcript of ANIMAL ISSUES • AUSTIN, TEXAS • NOVEMBER 18, 2016 Lize ... issues.pdfBubba Chrystaline, GSGRA...