Animal Genetic Improvement in Tropical Area Asst.Prof.Dr. Wuttigrai Boonkum Department of Animal...
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Transcript of Animal Genetic Improvement in Tropical Area Asst.Prof.Dr. Wuttigrai Boonkum Department of Animal...
Animal Genetic Improvement in Tropical Area
Asst.Prof.Dr. Wuttigrai Boonkum
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureKhon Kaen University
Why is heat stress important ?
The Tropics
HOT, HOTTER Temperatures have risen more in the Arctic than in the tropics.
Economic losses
Economic impacts of heat wave on dairy industry about $1 Billion 2003 economic loss $897 to $1500 million in US
2006 California heat wave kills 16,500 dairy cows statewide>2,000 cattle died in Nebraska during June 2009
2002 to 2007, Summer was the seasons with the highest of dairy deaths (15,773) in Italy
Conclusions
62.00
64.00
66.00
68.00
70.00
72.00
74.00
76.00
78.00
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
YEAR
Rela
tive h
um
idit
y (
%R
H)
24.50
25.00
25.50
26.00
26.50
27.00
27.50
28.00
28.50
Tem
pera
ture
(cels
ius)
Global Change / Heat Stress
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
Tem
per
atu
re h
um
idit
y in
dex
Temp.
THI
Moderate Heat Stress
Severe Heat Stress
How heat stress occur ?
Cold stress
Heat stress
Thermoneutralzone
Heat
pro
du
ctio
n
Ambient temperature
4-24 oC
Lower critical temp.Upper critical temp.
humidity
Heat stress effects
THI > 72 for production and around 68 for reproduction are considered to indicate heat
stress in dairy cattle
How heat stress occur ?
panting
sweating
respiration
feed intake
rumination
water intake
How to reduce the effects of heat stress ?
adjustment of housing and facilities
Feed and Feeding management
Crossbreeding system
x
B.indicus B.taurus
Production traits
How to reduce the effects of heat stress ?
avoiding breeding during hot conditions estrus synchronization
timed artificial insemination
Fertility traits
Alternative method
Housing and Shadingmanagement
Feed and Feeding management
Crossbreeding system
x
B.indicus B.taurus
Temporary/non sustainable
Production traits
avoiding breeding during hot season estrus synchronization
timed artificial insemination
Fertility traits
Temporary/non sustainable
Genetic selection
What traits are interest to study?
• Using regular monthly milk records• THI information at the collecting date
Ravagnolo and Misztal, (2000)
• Using days open records
Genetic selection
How heat stress affect on genetic ?
Heat stress in Thailand
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
Month(a)
Ave
rag
e re
lati
ve h
um
idit
y (%
)
Ave
rag
e ai
r te
mp
erat
ure
(o
C)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
Month(b)
Tem
per
atu
re-h
um
idit
y in
dex
Stress all time
Results: Determination of heat stress threshold
Publication
Results: LSM and HI for DO
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec120
140
160
180
200a) Parity 1
<87.5% Holstein
87.5-93.6% Holstein
≥93.7% Holstein
Calving month
Lea
st s
qu
ares
mea
ns
(d)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec120
140
160
180
200b) Parity 2
<87.5% Holstein
87.5-93.6% Holstein
Calving month
Lea
st s
qu
ares
mea
ns
(d)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0a) Parity 1
<87.5% Holstein
87.5-93.6% Holstein
≥93.7% Holstein
Calving month
Hea
t st
ress
in
dex
(H
I)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0b) Parity 2
<87.5% Holstein
87.5-93.6% Holstein
Calving month
Hea
t st
ress
in
dex
(H
I)
summer
winter
ปั�จจ�ยที่��สั�มพั�นธ์�ต่�อการเก�ดความเคร�ยดเน��องจากร�อนในโคนม
• Length of exposure to heat stress• Level of production• Stage of lactation• Cooling management• Feed consumption• Feed offered• Breed• cattle species• Size of the animal
National genetic evaluation under hot-humid climates of Thailand
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University
Implications :
Est
imate
d b
reed
ing
valu
e;
EB
V
THI
Threshold pointBest genetic
performance for milk production
under heat stress conditions
Ent1 Ent2
Gen
etic
effec
t Animal 1
Animal 2
Ent1 Ent2
Gen
etic
effec
tAnimal 1
Animal 2
No G x E interaction
Reranking G x E interaction
Ent1 Ent2
Gen
etic
effec
t
Animal 1
Animal 2
Scaling G x E interaction
Conclusions
ค่�า EBV ของพ่�อพ่�นธุ์��โค่นมของกรมปศุ�สั�ตว์�ป� 2553
Another approachIntegration of DNA Marker Technology
DNA Marker ที่��สั�มพั�นธ์�ก�บลั�กษณะสั$าค�ญของโคนมเขต่ร�อน
Disease Resistance
Fertility trait
Milk Production
ย�นต่�านที่านโรคเต่�านมอ�กเสับDRB3ย�นต่�านที่าน
โรคไข�เห็)บ
QTL MarkerLeptin gene
Heat toleranceHSP70 gene QTL marker
RM188
Marker for Heat tolerance (HSP70)
B
C
AHeat
tolerant
Marker for Fertility (Leptin)
1
522 bp
อ�ลล�ล A 522 bpอ�ลล�ล B 441 bp
BShort Days Open
Marker for Tropical Dissease resistance (DRB3)
689 bp
345 bp
B. bigemina A. marginale B. bovis
446 bp
Anaplasma marginale DRB*51
Babesia bovis DRV*3, DRB*13, DRB*15, DRB*46?
Babesia bigemina DRB*10, DRB*15, DRB*46
Tickborne fever Resistant
Genomic Selection in Dairy Cattle
Genomic selection
P = G + EGenetic evaluation or Molecular genetics
Need time and data completeAppropriated major gene only
Reliability of breeding valuesCategorie Production Type Longevity
Parent average 35% 35% 30%
GS young bull 50-55% 45-50% 40-45%
1st EBV (prog.) 80% 75% 50-65%
2nd EBV (prog.) 89% 81% 50-80%
50% reliability is realistic
Advantages of Genomic SelectionIncreased genetic improvement (30-40%)
Higher genetic level of test sires
Higher genetic level of Delta embryo’s
Wider portfolio of commercial bulls & higher level
More outcross; less inbreeding
Disadvantages of Genomic Selection
New method, not fully proven or tested
Need to genotype a sufficiently large set of animals for accurate GEBV
Across breed accuracy lowGenotypes still costly (10,000 bath/head)
ROI-ET FRIESIAN
High milk production15 kg/d
Fertility
Heat tolerance
Tropical disease resistant
Tick feverMastitis
Thermoregulation
Heat response
Longevity
GPX
Functional trait
Type triat
Skin type
Survival/Culling
Pregnancy rate
Conception rate
Conclusions