Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a...
-
Upload
vincent-carr -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
1
Transcript of Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a...
![Page 1: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Animal FarmGeorge Orwell
![Page 2: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about
animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand
for people and ideas Animal Farm is an allegory that
represents Orwell’s criticism of communism in the Soviet Union
![Page 3: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
History of Communism Capitalism was going strong in Europe and
America in the mid 1800s. However, workers labored 14-18 hours a day
under unsafe conditions. There were no child labor laws, and wages
were barely livable for the common worker.
![Page 4: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Karl Marx In comes Karl Marx, a German philosopher,
in 1847. He was asked to draw up a plan for an
international workers’ group called the Communist League.
Marx then wrote a plan called The Manisfesto of the Communist Party.
![Page 5: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Marxism Marx envisioned a workers’ revolt against the
present conditions. Each worker would work according to his or
her ability and receive according to need. He saw communism as being total worldwide
economic equality.
![Page 6: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Marxism Around this time, labor laws were finally
passed in Western Europe and America. The work place was safer and more tolerable
of workers. The revolution that Marx foresaw never
happened.
![Page 7: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Socialism People following Marx’s thinking were called
Socialists. They split into two groups. One group wanted to bring about communism
by slowly passing new laws. The other group (Communists) wanted a
major workers’ revolt.
![Page 8: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Communism The Communists were a small extremist
group compared to the larger number of Socialists.
The Bolshevik Party was formed led by Nikolai Lenin in Russia.
![Page 9: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
“All Power to the Soviets”: The Communist Takeover Czar Nicholas II was the leader until 1917,
when he was taken from power The soviets led by Vladimir Lenin began to
take control of Russia’s lines of communication such as railroads and telegraph lines
Lenin was aided by Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin
![Page 10: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Continued: The three leaders promised “land,
bread, and peace” for everyone On October 24, 1917, Lenin and his
men took control to usher in the first-ever Communist government
![Page 11: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Communism from 1917-1922 Upon power, the new government
stripped land from all of the owners, forbade the holding of private property
The fields were redistributed according to need and hired labor was outlawed.
Communist goal: equality and peace for all!
![Page 12: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Opposition of Communism As with any new government taking power, there
were those who were opposed to the new government
Lenin, Trotsky, and Stalin decided to root out and destroy any opposition to the Communist government
Anti-communists were executed 1918-1921 a civil war raged between the
communists and their enemies The “Red Army” (the communists) prevailed
![Page 13: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Change of Power 1922-1940 Lenin died in 1922
as a result of three paralyzing strokes
Both Trotsky and Stalin vied for power
Stalin won out and reigned for 25 years
![Page 14: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Stalin’s Reign Stalin maintained control through
political and social terror Stalin silenced all opposition High-ranking officials were arrested,
forced to admit to crimes they did not commit, and then executed
Stalin died in 1953
![Page 15: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Characteristics of Totalitarianism Organized violence/police terror: Used forced
to crush all opposition Propaganda: one-sided information to
persuade and influence that supported the state only
Censorship: Only “official” versions of information was allowed; all other pieces of information was limited, suppressed or destroyed
![Page 16: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Characteristics: Cult of the individual/single strong leader:
Leader is elevated to God-like status State control over the individual: demand of
total unquestioning obedience & sacrifice for the state
State control over society: control of business, education, family, housing, religion, etc.
![Page 17: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Characteristics: Ideology of the state: glorified aims of the
state used to justify all government action Dictatorship/one party rule: absolute control
maintained by a single leader or party
![Page 18: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Post-Stalin From 1953 to the early 1980’s the Soviet Union
remained repressive Internal spying was rampant, and all
communication was tightly monitored by the communists
Ideas that were not communist were considered dangerous
As a result, people were threatened, imprisoned, or executed for expressing these ideas
![Page 19: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
1985 Mikhail Gorbachev took the reigns of Soviet
power He announced economic restructuring and
social and political openness Ideas were now accepted that were not
communist By 1991, the communist government of the
Soviet Union admitted its demise
![Page 20: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
How would you define tyranny?
![Page 21: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
How is governmental power best distributed?
![Page 22: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Is democracy the best system?
![Page 23: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Does the United States have a government that produces perfect equality among the citizenry?
![Page 24: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
What amount of inequality or brutality should be tolerated within a nation?
![Page 25: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
What different kinds of brutality or inequality can you think of?
![Page 26: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Major Characters
![Page 27: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Mr. Jones Owner of the farm Symbolizes Czar Nicholas II, the
leader before Stalin The Czar was abdicated in 1917
![Page 28: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Old Major “purebred” pig Grand fatherly
philosopher of change Represents a metaphor
of Karl Marx (founder of Communism)
Encourages rebellion under the ruling of Mr. Jones
![Page 29: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Moses Raven Mr. Jones’s especial pet-
doesn’t work Represent Orwell’s view of
the Church To Orwell, the Church is used
as a tool by dictatorships to keep the working class hopeful and productive
Orwell is critical of the role of Church
![Page 30: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Snowball Pig Wants leadership as
much as Napoleon (leader of the pigs)
Represents Trotsky (Stalin’s opponent for leadership)
![Page 31: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Napoleon Chief villain Central character
on the farm Leader of the pigs Represents Stalin
![Page 32: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Boxer Horse Represents the
unskilled labor class Lower class drawn
to Napoleon (Stalin) He thinks he will
benefit most from the new system
![Page 33: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Squealer Pig Manipulative and
persuasive Represents the Pravda, the
Russian newspaper of the 1930’s
Represents propaganda He is used to communicate
between Napoleon (Stalin) and the other animals (Russians)
![Page 34: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Mollie Represents the typical middle-class skilled
worker who suffers from this new communism concept
She is very vain and only cares about her looks
She is now considered to be lower class because of the design of communism (everyone is equal)
![Page 35: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Benjamin Elderly donkey Symbolizes the older
generation Critical of the
communist government He seems smarter than
the other animals
![Page 36: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Muriel Goal Smart and educated Represents the
minority of working class people
He is not inspired by Napoleon (Stalin)
![Page 37: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Pigs Surround and support
Napoleon Symbolize communist
party loyalists Live in luxury and enjoy
the benefits of the society they control
The animals work and the pigs make the money!
![Page 38: Animal Farm George Orwell. Fable & Allegory On the surface, the fable is about animals. On a deeper level, the animals stand for people and ideas.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfec1a28abf838cb899d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Dogs Represents the KGB
(police force of the Soviets)
Bodyguards of Stalin
Dedicated and mindless