anglicka-gramatika

8/12/2019 anglicka-gramatika

1/10

PRESENT SIMPLE

Kladn vta: osoba + sloveso pidvme s aes ve tet osob vppadech, kdy sloveso kon na -

s,ss,sh,ch

Zporn vta: osoba + do/does+not+infinitiv

Otzka: Do/Does + osoba + infinitiv

Pouit: opakovan innost, obecn platn zkony (nap. ryby ij ve vod), ve vtch spslovencm

urenm - allways, still, usually, often, simetimes, every

- Jzdn a letovdy, program vkin a dal, co je pedem dan, rozvrh hodin

- Seevidt, tvo ing- Seechpat, netvo ing- Thinkmyslet, netvo -ing- Thinkpemlet, tvo -ing- Havemt (vlastnit), netvo -ing- Have (a dinner), tvo -ing- Enjoyuvat si, netvo -ing- Believevit, netvo -ing- Retireodejt do dcodu, netvo -ing- Every Thursday = on Thursdays

Vjimka z pravidelnostipouv se ing

Kdy je ve slovese krtk samohlska (a,e,i,o,u), nesm se vyslovit ou nebo podobn, tak se bude pi

tvorb ing zdvojovat (nap. sit sitting)

- Play (plays)- Fly (flies)

What does she look like? Jak vypad?

What is she like? Jak je?


2/10

How is she? Jak je?

Pouit u njakch zvyk sfrzovm slovesem used to nap. Im used to get up at 6.30 a.m. = Jsem

zvykl vstvat v 6.30 rno. .. Otzka a zpor se tvo pomoc do a use to u tedy bez pest!!!

PRESENT CONTINOUNS

Kladn vta: osoba+asovan be + -ing

Otzka: asovan be + osoba + -ing

Zporn vta: osoba + asovan be + not + -ing

- Slovesa, kter vyznauj pohyb, nesm bt pouity v going to..... ale pouije se msto toho PS- Vc, co ns roziluje, mus bt always- At the moment, now, this time- Vyjmka z pravidelnostiprbhov!!- Pouv se u zlozvyk a dalch jinch zvyk- Plnovan budoucnost

PAST SIMPLE

Pravideln slovesaregular verbs, pidv se koncovka edplay-played

Kladn vta:

Osoba+sloveso+ -ed

Osoba+ sloveso v nepr. Tvaru

Zporn vta:

Osoba + did + not + infinitiv

Otzka:

Did + osoba + infiitiv

-last, yesterday, last year apod..., ago

- Vyprvm, co jsem dneska dlal..


3/10

Pouit ve smysluna co jsem byl v minulosti zvykl, nap. We were used to spend our weekends at

the cottage. = Byli jsme zvykl trvit nae vkendy na chat. .... Ale nyn u tento zvyk neplat!!! Platil

pouze v minulosti!!! Otzka a zpor se tvo pomoc did a use to.

PAST CONTINOUNS

Kladn vta:

Osoba+ was/were + -ing

Zporn vta: osoba + was/were + not + -ing

Otzka: was/were+not+osoba

What+was/were .....

While I was sitting before the TV, the telephone rung.

When I was eating a dinner, my husband was reading a book.

PAST PERFECT

Kladn vta: osoba + had + -ed/neprav.

Zporn vta: osoba + hadnt + -ed/neprav.

Otzka: Had + osoba + -ed/neprav.

When I came to work, Peter had left.

After, when,

PRESENT PERFECT

Kladn vta: osoba + have/has + 3. Tvar

Zporn vta: osoba + have/has + not + 3.tvar

Otzka: Have/has + osoba + 3.tvar

Since, for, before, yet, already, for ages, ever, never, so far, up to now, recently, lately, just

Dosud v posl. Dob

- Zapoalo to vminulosti a pokrauje to, nco jsem udlal a m to vbudoucnu njak vsledek,zkuenost


4/10

- Nco jsem vminulosti udlal a (pokud stle iju) mu to udlat i dle nkdy vbudoucnu,nap. U jsem navtvil 5 zem. = I have just visited 5 countries.

- Nikdy se nepouv asov uren (kdy se to stalo)-

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

Vta dv vtinou odpoved na otzky typu: How much/How many, how many times

Pouit pslovce: just, already, yet

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUNS

KLADN VTA: osoba + have/has + been + -ing

Zpor: osoba + have/has + not + been + -ing

Otzka: Habe/Has + osoba + been + -ing

- Dv odpovd na to, jak co dlouho probhalo, probh a probhat bude ve smyslu jedn vci,nap. U ti roky studuji vysokou kolu. = I have been visiting University for 3 years.

- Pslovce: since, for

FUTURE I WILL

Kladn vta: Osoba + will+ infinitiv

Zpor: osoba + wont + infinitiv

Otzka: Will + osoba + infinitiv

- Nhl rozhodnut,- Perhaps, maybe, po slovese think, v podmnkovch vtch,

FUTURE II Going to

Kladn vta: osoba + am/is/are + going to + infinitiv

Zpor: osoba + am/is/are + not + going to + infinitiv

Otzka: Am/Is/Are + osoba + going to + infinitiv


5/10

- Plnovan budoucnost, neodvratiteln zkutenost (Bude pret pozn. Dle mrak)

FUTURE PERFECT

Kladn vta: osoba + will + have + 3.tvar

Otzka: will + osoba + have + 3.tvar

Zpor: osoba + will + not + have + 3.tvar

Projdu nm, co se stane, co m jasn dan datum

FUTURE CONTINOUNS

KLADN VTA: osoba + will + be + -ing

Nap. touto dobou pt tden budu poslouchat hudbu.

Zpor: + not

Otzka: will na zatek

WOULD

Osoba+would+infinitiv

Zpor: + not

Otzka: would na zatek

Wouldnt pro lidi co znme...

Would notformality

PASSIVE

To be + -ed (3. Tvar)

-

Was/were- Was/were + being + -ed


6/10

- Had been

When he returned, the picture was completed.

Pouit:

- Vhlky, oznmn- k se o nem nco pouv se vtrpnosti a nemn se as: k se, e = is said to be

Prbhov trpn: to be being + -ed

Going toare going to be

PODMNKOV VTY

Zero Conditional

IF=jestlie

If + present simple, + present simple

When you heat water, it boils.

- Pouv se pi konstatovn vc, kter jsou jasn, obecn platn, jasn

First Conditional

=time clauses (asov vty)

IF=jestlie

Spojky: When, while, as soon as, before, after,.... until, unless (po tchto dvou u neme bt

zpor, jsou samy o sob zporn, tud by to vedlo knepovolenmu dvojit zporu!!!)

Tvorba:

When + present simple, + will


7/10

- Pi tvoen zoznamovacch vt bv cel vta vase ptomnm!P. If I win some money, I will be very happy.

Pravdpodobn vsledek v budoucnosti

Second Conditional

IF=kdyby, reln podm. vta

If + Past simple, + would + infinitiv

P. If I won a lot of money, I would buy a new house.

- Mluv se o tom, kdyby se nco vminulosti stalo, ale ve skutenosti se to nestalo(star znm KDYBY :-) ) ale v budoucnu to lze zmnit

- Vude se pouv WERE, nikde WAS!!!!!Third Conditional

IF=kdyby

If + Past Perfect, + would + have + 3. Tvar (pozn. Msto would lze pout i could)

If I had studied more, I would have recieved better marks.

- Nco se vminulosti udlo a v budoucnu to u nelze zmnit. (nap. othotnla)

Mixed Conditional

IF=kdyby

IF + past perfect, + would + infinitiv

If I had bought the shoes, I wouldnt be cold.

Pouit: 1+2/2+1: If you should need it, Ill give it to you.

2+3/3+2 : If you had studied hard, you wouldnt have an F now.

HAVE TO

- Nut ns okolnosti nco udlat- Vce se pouv vmluven form


8/10

+ John has to get up at 6 every day.

(-) Im not working tomorrow so I dont have to get up early.

? How is Paul enjoying his new job? Does he have to travel a lot?

- Neednt, Dont have to = nemuset

MUST

- Nco musme udlat zvlastnho pesvden- Vce se pouv vpsemn form

+ I really must visit my grandmother this weekend.

? Must you leave already? Me bt i: Do you have to leave already?

-

Mustnt= nesmt= be not allowed to

WISH

- Pt (nkomu nco) - I wish you Good Luck.- Litujeme neho, e to nen, jak bychom to chtli : I wish you didnt have to go so

soon.

- Pejeme si, aby nkdo nco udlal, ale neovlivnme to: I wish it would stop raining.- Kdy nm vad, kdy nco lid dlaj opakovan: I wish you wouldnt keep

interrupting me.

NEPM EUit as:

Nowthen

Todaythat day

Yesterdaythe day before

Tomorrownext day

This weekthat week

An our agoan our earlier

Tonightthat night

Zmny:

Present simplepast simple

Past simplepast perfect

Present perfectpast perfect

Past perfectpast perfect

Willwould

Am/are/iswas/were


9/10

Was/werehad been

Has beenhad been

Pokud tam jsou zpsobov slovesa: should, might apod, tak u se dl nemn; must se

vtinou mn na have to

asov zmny:

This eveningthat evening

Today/this daythat day

Tonightthat night

Thesethose

Nowthen/immidiately

A week agoa week before

Last weeendthe weekend before/the previous before

Here-thereNextfollowing

Tomorrowthe next day/the following day/the day after

The day after tomorrowtwo day after

Nepm otzkaCan you tell me...... / Do you know.....

Where the bus station is?plnovznamov sloveso mus bt na konci vty!

Zpsobov slovesaCanschopnost, me se nco stt, zdvoil dost; cant 100% nejist = be allowed to =

be able to

Cant be not allowed to, be not able to

Could - -||-

Mustpkaz, je nco nutn udlat, 100% jistHave toje to povinnost

Shouldrada, neurit odpoved

Ought tostejn jako should

Shallve smyslu mm nco udlat.... pouze I nebo We

Willjist pedpoved

May/mightmohl by, dost o svolen

To be allowed toje nco povoleno udlat

Wouldzdvoil dost

Neednt have nemusel jsem to udlat, ale udlal


10/10

Didnt need to nco nebo nkdo to u udlali, take jsem to u nemusel udlat a taky

neudlal

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