Bollettino della Societd Paleontologica ltaliana, 44 (l), 2005, 47-53. Mode,

Anew species of Gibbula(Gastropoda: Trochidae) fiof Killini (north-western Peloponnesus, Greece)

Vittorio GnruLLI, Magda Cnlsct & Rosa Mpssne

V. Gari l l i , Dipart imento di Geologia e Geodesia, Universit ir degli Studi di Palermo, Corso Tr

nen t i@t i sca l i . i tM. Cr isc i , Via Tommaso Aversa 70, 90145, Palermo, I ta ly.R. Messina, Via Messina Mar ina 435c, 90100, Palermo, I ta ly.

KEY WORDS - Gastropoda, Trochidae, Gibbula olympica n. sp., Mediterranean Plet

ABSTRACT - A nev,species of the gastropod Gibbula, G. olympica n. sp., is described

western Peloponnesus, Greece). Material comes from two sandy-muddy beds (N2 and H6,

mollusc assemblages (mainlv trochids, rissoids and ceriths) related to the modern Posidonia

(HP).Gibbula olympica n. sp. appears particularly similar to G. spratti (Forbes, 1844) at

Aegean Sea and the Island of Malta respectively. G. olympica n. sp. is also compared witl

the Mediterranean erea.

RIASSUI,{TO - [Una nuova specie di Gibbula (Gastropoda: Trochidae) dal Pleistocer

Grecia)] - Gibbula olympica n. sp. d descritta sulla base di circa 160 esemplari, in bt

l'originaria colorazione. Il materiale proviene da due orizzonti stratigrafici prevalentem

lungo il tratto di costa distante circa 500 m dal piccolo villaggio di Killini (Elea, Pelopont

giacciono circa 70 e 20 m sopra un livello pelitico contenente i nannofossili Gephyroca^'sa

Igg2) e, pertanto, essi potrebbero essere attribuiti alla parte superiore del sottopiano Si

medio-superiore. G. olympica n. sp. mostra notevoli ffinitd con G. spratti (Forbes, ,

rispettivamente endemiche del Mar Egeo e dell'lsola di Malta. G. olympica n. sp. vien

mediterranee ,o, '15

quali presenta una certa ffinitd: le viventi G. racketti (Payraudeau,

pliocenica G. distefanoi Crema, 1903. Sulla base del contenuto paleontologico associato alr

spp. (tra cui la specie termofita J. ? bullula (Fischer 1877), Alvania spp., Bittium spp. e J

specie vivesse in una biocenosi riferibite a quella attuale della Posidonia oceanica (Linnaea

calde.

INTRODUCTION

In the Mediterranean Sea the trochid gastropodgenus Gibbula Risso, 1826 ex Leach ms. is a commoncomponent of littoral environments especially in algalor phanerogam beds. It is also well represented in theuppermost Tertiary and Quaternary of the Mediterraneanarea. The richest assemblages are recorded for theRecent t ime: at least 30 Mediterranean l iv ing wel l-established taxa are recorded (Sabelli et al., 1990); littlemore than 20 spec ies are recorded fo r themalacologically rich Pliocene of Tuscany (Chirli,2004).In this article, which presents the second result of awider research dealing with the study of the molluscassemblages coming from the Plio-Pleistocene of thecentral Mediteffanean area (Garilli,2004), we describea new species of Gibbula, G. olympica n. SP., basedon specimens collected from the northern part of thesedimentary sequence cropping out along the cliffedcoast between Ki l l in i (also transl i terated from themodern Greek as Kyllene) and Cape Troupito (Elea,NW Peloponnesus, Greece, Fig. I ).

/SSN 0375-7633

MATERIAL EXAMINED

One hundred sixty specimens, covering completeontogenetic series, of Gibbula olympica n. sp. (typematerial included) come from two sandy-muddy layers,outcropping near the vi l lage of Ki l l in i . They wereobtained by hand-picking or washing six bulk samples,each one of about l5 lt., on a sieves battery (diameter0.5, l , 2 mm). As a whole, specimens are very wel lpreserved usually showing the original coloration.

The following comparative material was studied:Gibbula distefanoi Crema, 1903, one specimen, ex

coll. Palazzi, Pliocene of Pietrafitta (Siena, North Italy).G. nivosa Adams A., 185 l, f ive specimens, ex coll.

Lugli, Recent, Isle of Malta.G. racket t i (Payraude&u, 1826), for ty- three

specimens, ex coll. Garilli, Recent, Capo Gallo, Palermo,NW Sicily; one specimen, same coll., Recent, Marinadi Cinisi, Palerrno.

G. spratti (Forbes, 1844), eleven specimens, ex coll.Tenekidis, Recent, Aegean Sea, Goulandris NationalHistory Museum (GNHM), Kifissia, Athens, Greece;

48

two specimeJls (GNHM-A 11.62), ex coll. Tenekidis,I s l e o f D i l os , Aegean Sea ( spec imen f i gu red byTenek id i s , 1989 , f i g . 6 as "G ibbu la sp ra t t i va r .alveolata") and Anavyssos, Saronikos gulf, AegeanGreece (specimen figured by Tenekidis, 1989, f ig. 6as "Gibbula spratti typus"; two specimens, eX coll.Delamotte, GNHN, Marpissa, Isle of Paros, Cyclades,Aegean Greece.

G. turbinoides (Deshayes, 1835), ten specimens,ex coll. Garilli, Recent, Capo Gallo, Palermo.

STRATIGRAPH IC AND PALEOECOLOG ICALSETTING

The sequence Killini-Troupito is a part of an anticlinestructure originated by a diapiric intrusion of Triassich a l i t e a n d g y p s u m ( C h r i s t o d o u l o u , 1 9 6 9 , l 9 7 l ;Hageman, 1976; Underhil l, 1988). It was referred byHageman (197 6) to the upper part of the Vounargonformation. In part icular, material comes from twoyellow-grey sandy-muddy beds, here named N2 andH6 (Fig. 2), laterally changing in a yellow sand withLucinoma boreale (Linnaeus , 17 67) in life position (H6)or in a yellow, almost steri le calcarenite (N2). Bothlayers, incl ined along the cl i f f plane of about 8-9onorthward, are characterrzed by having a rich shallowmar ine mol lusc assemblage re lated to the modernPosidonia oceanica (Linnaeus) Delile, l8l3 biocoenosis(HP, sensu Pdrds & Picard, 1964), being dominated by

Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica ltaliana,44 (l), 2005

Fig. I - Site, type material and H6and N2 l aye rs l oca t i ons ; K I :

Ki l l ini ; TR : Cape Troupito.

t rochids (main ly Jujubinus spp.) , r issoids (main lyAlvania spp.) and ceriths (mainly Bittium spp.). Withregard to the genus Gibbula,, the following species werecollected from N2 and H6 layers: G. ardens (Von Salis,1793), G. magus (Linnaeus, 17 58), G. fanulum (Gmelin,179l), and G. guttadauri (Phil ippi, 1836). Posidoniaremains (both leaves and rhizomes) also abundantlyoccu r , ma in l y a t t he base o f N2 bed . F rom apaleoclimatic point of view, it is noteworthy to remarkthat both levels contain the trochid Juiubinus ? bullula(Fischer, 1877) (see Ruggier i & Unt i , 1988 for thein te res t ing in fo rmat ion about i t s s t ra t ig raph ica ldistribution) which can be considered a thermophil icspecies related to warrn-temperate conditions (Garilli,1998) . Layers N2 and H6 respectively crop out at about70 and 20 m above a turritellid-rich blue-greyish muddylevel containing the nannofossils Gephyrocapsa sp. 3and Crenalithus asanoi (Sato & Takayama, 1992) (Fig.2), whose Mediteffanean distributions are respectivelyrecorded between 0.990 Ma B.P. (uppermost part ofE a r l y P l e i s t o c e n e ) a n d 0 . 5 8 4 M a B . P . ( M i d d l ePleistocene) (Castradori , 1993; Sprovier i , 1993; DiStefano, 1998) and between 1.122 Ma B.P. (lower partof the Early Pleistocene Sicilian Substage, sensu Ruggieriet al . , 1984) and 0.781 Ma B.P. ( lower part of MiddlePleistocene) (De Kaenel et al., 1999). Consequently anupper Sicilian Substage or, more likely, an Middle -Late

Pleistocene age could be likely assigned to N2 and H6layers.

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V. Garilli, M. Crisci, R. Messina - Gibbula olympican. sp. from the Mediterranean Pleistt

t-rr., il SandstoneSYSTEMATICS

Phylum MolluscA Linnaeus, 1758Classis GnsrnoPoDA Cuvier, 1797

Fami l ia TnocutDAE Raf inesque, l8 l5Genus Gibbula Risso. 1826 ex Leach ms.

- Mudstone

Type species Trochus magus Linnaeus, 1758 bysubsequent designation, Herrmannsen, 1847 .

Gibbula olympica n sp.Paratypes

) up to 3o-40 m

Gibbula olympica n. sp.' Holotype

Gephyrocapsa sp. 3Crenalifhus asanoi

Fig. 2 - Partial columnar section of the upper part of Vounargonformation (Ki l l ini , NW Peloponnesus, Greece) i l lustrat ingthe stratigraphical position of type material and H6 and N2layers.

Gibbula olympica n. sp.(Figs. 3a-c; Pl. I , f igs. I a-b, 4a-b, 5a-b)

Tvp, material - Holotype (GNHM-52/18), paratypesI (GNHM-5 3l19) and 2 (GNHM-54 120) are housed inthe Goulandr is Natura l History Museum (GNHM),Kifissia, Athens, Greece. Paratypes 3 (KIGR003 ) and4 (KIGR004) are housed in the Dipartimento di Geologiae Geodesia of the University of Palermo, Italy. Fifteenunnumbered paratypes are in Palazzi coll. (Modena).

Measurements Holotype, height (H) 8.2 f f i f f i ,diameter of last whorl (D) 7 .95 mm; paratype l, H 7 .5ffiffi, D 7.4 mm; paratype 2, H 7.3 ffiffi, D 6.85 mm;paratype 3, H 7.1 mm, D 6 mm; paratype 4, H 8.5f f i f f i , D 7.8 mm.

Locus typicus Pleistocene of Ki l l in i (Elea, NWPe loponnesus , Greece ) , Vouna rgon fo rma t i on(according to Hageman, 1976). Holotype is from theyellow-greyish sandy-muddy bed (H6) outcropping atabout 0.5 Km East from the vil lage of Kil l ini (Elea, NWPeloponnesus, Greece, UTM 34S 5 I I 7938 419921 6N,Fig. I ). All paratypes are from layer N2, similar forl ithology and paleontological contents to the underlyingH6 (Fie. 2) .

Derivatio nominis G. olvmpica n. sp. is namedaf ter the ancient town of Olympia (Peloponnesus,Greece) where the first Olympic Games took place.

Diagnosis Sturdy, small, conical shell reachinga b o u t 9 m m i n h e i g h t . P r o t o c o n c h p a u c i s p i r a l ,consisting of about one whorl. Protoconch/teleoconchdemarcation is marked and slightly sinuated. Teleoconchcons i s t s o f more o r l ess convex whor l s , bea r i ngirregular and fine spiral cords separated by very naffowinterspaces which are sculptured by microscopicald o t s . B o d y w h o r l w e l l d e v e l o p e d . A p e r t u r e i ssubquadrangular. Outer lip rounded. Inner lip straight.Base moderately convex crossed by very fine concentricthreads and with a deep, wide umbil icus. Pattern ofcoloration usually consisting of rectangular-rhomboidalwhite spiralling mottles in a reddish background.

Description - Sturdy, conical shell reaching 8.9 mmin he igh t (8 .2 mm in ho lo type) . He igh t /max imumdiameter ratio (H/D) ranges from 0.95 to I . l5 ( 1.03 inholotype). Protoconch paucispiral, consisting of aboutl . l smooth whor ls (counted accord ing to Verdu in ,1977). Diameter ranges between 230 pm and 265 pm.Protoconch/teleoconch demarcation is well marked andslightly sinuated. Among specimens with height over 6

5 0 Bollettino della Societd Paleontologica ltaliana, 44 (l), 2005

ffiffi, teleoconch consists of 4 to 4.6 whorls. These aresculptured by fine , flat, sometimes irregular, spiral cordsusually numbering 14 to l8 in the penultimate whorl.Cords are separated by very nalrow interspaces whichare sculptured by microscopical dots. Numerous,prosocline incremental scars, running from suture tosuture, are present. Sutures are incised and very slightlyinclined. Body whorl rather developed, making up about0.7 to 0.8 of total height (0.73 in holotype). Aperture issubquadrangular and large, making up about 0.35 to0.46 of total height (0.42 in holotype) and 0.5 to 0.63of body whor l height (0.6 in holotype) . Outer l ipinternally smooth, rounded and thickened close to theedge. Inner lip straight and moderately arcuated, usuallymore thickened in the central portion. Base is moderatelyconvex, sculptured by concentric fine cords separatedby narrow interspaces, and with a deep and largeumbilicus, bordered by a moderately marked keel. Mostof the examined material shows a characteristic patternof coloration, present on the entire surface of the shell.I t cons is ts o f ra ther , usua l l y la rge , regu la r , subrectangular or rhomboidal white spiralling mottles in areddish background (maybe original ly br ight red).According to their size, mottles may form 3 to 6 spiralbands in the body whorl.

Remarks The characteristic coloration pattern ofGibbula olympica n. sp. strongly resembles that shownby the species G. spratti (Forbes, 1844) and G. nivosaA. Adaffis, I 85 I which are the most similar species. G.spratti (Pl. l, figs. 3a-b and 6a-b), known only fromthe Aegean Sea (Beck, 1997; Giannuzzi-Savelli et al.,1997), usually has white rectangular to rhomboidalmot t les in a very dark , ? lmost b lack , o r redd ish

Fig. 3 - Scanning electronic microscope pictures illustrating asubadult specimen of Gibbula olympica n. sp. from N2 layer,Pleistocene of Ki l l ini (Elea, NW Peloponnesus, Greece). a)Te leoconch scu lp tu re . b ) P ro toconch . c ) Te leoconchmicrosculpture.The wh i te a r row ind ica tes thedemarcation.Scale bars: 500 pm in Fig. a, 100 pm

p ro toc onc h / t e I eoc onc h

in Figs. b and c.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE I

Figs. 1,4-5- Gibbula olympica n. sp., Pleistocene of Kill ini (Elea, NW Peloponnesus, (

I - Holotype (GNHM -5211 8) .4 -Paratype I (GNHM-53/19). Apertural (a) and basal (b) views.5 - Paratype 2 (GNHM-54120). Apertural (a) and basal (b) views.

Fig.2 - Gibbula nivosa, Isle of Malta. Apertural (a) and basal (b) views.

Figs. 3,6 - Gibbula spratti, Aegean Sea3 - Apertural (a) and basal (b) views.6 - Apertural (a) and basal (b) views

Scale bars correspond to 2 mm.

I ' . Gar i l l i , . )1. Cr isc i , R Me.ssi r t t r - Gibbula olympica n. .s1t . f i 'om the Medi terraneon Pleistocene

5 2 Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica ltaliana, 44 ( I ), 2005

background. It mainly differs from G. olympica n. sp.in having stronger spiral cords on early teleoconchwhorls (see Beck, 1997, pl . 100, f igs.3,4), a naffowerumbilicus and a larger shell, about l2 mm in height (inexamined material from Tenekidis coll.) vs. 8-9 mm.G. nivosa (Pl. l, figs. 2a-b) represents an extreme caseof endemism being present only in the Island of Malta(Ghisotti, 1976; Palazzi, 1978; Beck, 1997). It differsfrom G. olympica n. sp. in having an obsolete spiralsculpture and more convex whor ls , wi th par t icu larregard to the body whorl which is also broader. Whitesubrectangular mottles, smaller than in G. olympica n.sp., cover homogeneously the adapical and the abapicalarea of each whor l and the base, whi le very smal lwhitish spots, often fused, are usually showed in thecentral portion of the whorls.

Some less marked resemblances in coloration andlor shell shape may be also traced in the living G. racketti(Payraudeau, 1826) and G. turbinoides (Deshayes,1835) and in the Pliocene G. diste.fanoi Crema, 1903.Dif ferences between G. olympica n. sp. and thesespecies as follows:

G. distefanoi (see Chirl i, 2004, pl. 30, f igs. 10-12and pl. 31, f igs. l -5) shows a similar colorat ion, havings e r i e s o f s p i r a l l i n g w h i t e m o t t l e s i n a r e d d i s hb a c k g r o u n d , b u t i t h a s a m o r e d e p r e s s e d s h e l lcharacterized by a lower H/D ratio (0.76 in the examineds p e c i m e n ) , a v e r y d e v e l o p e d b o d y w h o r l a n d aproport ional ly larger and deeper umbil icus. Also thesculpture is quite different consisting of very fine spiralcords covering the base, while the remaining surfaceof the shell is almost smooth bearing few, very flat,i r regu la r and a lmost impercept ib le sp i ra l th readsseparated by extremely narrow interspaces.

G. racketl) (see Giannuzzi-Savelli et al., 1997, figs.197 -202), always rather smaller than G. olympica n.sp., differs in having a markedly step-wise shell shapewith an almost keeled base and a smaller umbilicus.Also its sculpture is different consisting of very flatsubsutural cords becoming naffower and more markedin the abapical part of the teleoconch whorls.

G. turbinoides (see Giannuzzi-Savelli et al., 1997f igs. 203-206) usual ly does not show a pat tern ofregular mottles except for the base. Furthermore, itssculpture is formed by very few strong cords and finesecond ary threads.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Our special thanks to Stefano Palazzi (Modena) for the usefulcomments and discussions; he also helped us in collecting mostof material from H6 and N2 layers. Part of the comparativematerial was generously provided by Maurrzio Forli (Prato) andAngelo Lugl i (Carpi, Modena). We are also grateful to LucaGalletti (Monreale, Palermo) for his help rn reahzing the Figs. Iand 2, to Eugenio Di Liberto, Giacomo Gullo and FrancescoPollina (Palermo) for their help in collecting bulk samples fromthe H6 and N2 levels, and to Evi Vardala (Goulandris NaturalHistory Museum, Kif issia, Athens) for support ing a stage ofone of us (V.G.) in the Department of Hydrobiology (GNHN)and for loaning of specimens here f igured in Pl. l , f igs.3a-b and6a-b.

Thanks are also due to Enrico Di Stefano and AlessandroIncarbona (Dipartimento di Geologia e Geodesia, University of

Palermo) for detecting the occurrence of the strat igraphicalmarkers Gephyrocapsa sp. 3 and Crenalithus asanoi and to thereferees, Marco Cur in i -Gal let t i (Dipar t imento d i Zoologia eAntropologia Biologica, University of Sassari) and Pierre Lozouet(Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris) for their usefulcomments on the manuscript. This study was partially carriedou t t hanks t o f unds M .U .R .S .T 60% to An ton ino Greco ,(Dipartimento di Geologia e Geodesia, University of Palermo).

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