ANEMIAANEMIA

Schema of bloodformingSchema of bloodforming

DefinitionDefinition of of ааnemianemia

AnemiaAnemia – – it is it is decrease of decrease of erythrocyteserythrocytes amountamount andand hemoglobinhemoglobin inin unite of unite of blood volumeblood volume,, which which is is accompanied also accompanied also qualitative changes of qualitative changes of erythrocyteserythrocytes

Pathogenetic classification ofPathogenetic classification of anemiasanemias

1. 1. PosthemorrhagicPosthemorrhagic anemiaanemia

2. 2. HemolyticHemolytic anemiaanemia

3. А3. Аnemia as a result of nemia as a result of erythropoiesis disordererythropoiesis disorder

Acute Acute posthemorrhagicposthemorrhagic ааnemianemiaCausesCauses::

1. 1. Wounding of vesselsWounding of vessels2. 2. Gastrointestinal bleedingGastrointestinal bleeding

3. 3. DysmenorrheaDysmenorrhea4. 4. Rupture ofRupture of tube uterine tube uterine

(Fallopii)(Fallopii)5. 5. Tuberculousis of lungTuberculousis of lung

ChronicalChronical posthemorrhagicposthemorrhagic ааnemianemia

CausesCauses1. 1. Stomach ulcerStomach ulcer2. 2. CancerCancer of stomachof stomach3. 3. HemorrhoidHemorrhoid4. 4. Uterine bleedingUterine bleeding5. 5. Renal bleedingRenal bleeding6. 6. Nasal bleedingNasal bleeding According to colour indexAccording to colour index - - hypochromichypochromic

AcquiredAcquired hemolytichemolytic а аnemianemia

1. 1. ToxicToxic

2. 2. ImmuneImmune

3. М3. Мechanicalechanical

4. 4. Acquired membranopathyAcquired membranopathy

ТТoxicoxic hemolytichemolytic а аnemianemia

Poisoning withPoisoning with hemolytic poisonshemolytic poisons::Arsenous hydrogenArsenous hydrogenAcetoacid leadAcetoacid leadPhosphorusPhosphorusNitribenzolNitribenzolPhenylhydrasinPhenylhydrasinCholic acidsCholic acidsMushroom poisonMushroom poisonSnakeSnake poisonpoison

ImmuneImmune hemolytic hemolytic ааnemianemia

1. 1. Autoimmune anemiaAutoimmune anemia2. 2. Posttrasfusional anemiaPosttrasfusional anemia

а) а) transfusion oftransfusion of АВ0- АВ0-incompatibleincompatible bloodbloodб) б) transfusiontransfusion RhRh--incompatibleincompatible bloodblood

3. 3. Hemolytic anemia of newbornHemolytic anemia of newborn

Acquired hemolyticAcquired hemolytic а аnemianemia. . ReticulocytosisReticulocytosis

HereditaryHereditary hemolytic hemolytic ааnemianemia

11. . EnzymopathyEnzymopathy

2. 2. HemoglobinopathyHemoglobinopathy

3. 3. MembranopathyMembranopathy

EnzymopathiesEnzymopathies

1. 1. Deficiency ofDeficiency of glucoseglucose-6--6-

phosphatedehydrogenasephosphatedehydrogenase

2. 2. DeficiencyDeficiency pyruvatekinasepyruvatekinase

DrugsDrugs, , causingcausing hemolysis hemolysis erythrocyteserythrocytes

inin GG-6--6-PHDGPHDG insuficiencyinsuficiencySulfanilamidesSulfanilamidesAntimalaricAntimalaric medicinesmedicinesAminosalicylicAminosalicylic acidacidPhenacetinPhenacetinVitaminesVitamines С С and and ККААspirinspirin inin largelarge dosesdoses

Hemolytic anemiaHemolytic anemia due to due to pyruvatekinasepyruvatekinase insuficiency.insuficiency.

ReticulocytosisReticulocytosis

HemoglobinopathiesHemoglobinopathies

Sickle cell anemiaSickle cell anemia

ThalassemiaThalassemia::αα--thalassemiathalassemiaßß--thalassemiathalassemia

Sickle cell anemiaSickle cell anemia - - bloodblood

Sickle cell anemiaSickle cell anemia – – bloodblood::of the leftof the left– – sickle-likesickle-like erythrocyteserythrocytes,,of the rightof the right– – test totest to hypoxiahypoxia

Small Small ((heterozygousheterozygous) ) thalassemiathalassemia – – bloodblood

SmallSmall ( (heterozygousheterozygous) ) thalassemiathalassemia – – bloodblood

GreaterGreater ( (homozygoushomozygous) ) thalassemiathalassemia CooleyCooley’s’s – – bloodblood

GreaterGreater ( (homozygoushomozygous))anemiaanemia CooleyCooley’s’s - - bloodblood

Membranopathy. Hereditary Membranopathy. Hereditary microspherocytosis microspherocytosis - - bloodblood

MembranopathyMembranopathyHereditary elliptocytosisHereditary elliptocytosis – – bloodblood

MembranopathyMembranopathy – – bloodblood

MembranopathyMembranopathy – – bloodblood

MembranopathyMembranopathyHereditaryHereditary acanthosisacanthosis– – bloodblood

MembranopathyMembranopathy Hereditary echynocytosis Hereditary echynocytosis - - bloodblood

AnemiasAnemias as a resultas a result deficiency of erythropoiesis deficiency of erythropoiesis

Iron-deficiencyIron-deficiency anemiaanemiaВВ1212--deficiency anemiadeficiency anemia Metaplastic anemiaMetaplastic anemiaHypoplastic anemiaHypoplastic anemiaSideroblastic anemiaSideroblastic anemia

Iron-deficiency anemiaIron-deficiency anemia - - blooddbloodd

Iron-deficiencyIron-deficiency anemiaanemia – – bloodblood

ВВ1212--deficiencydeficiency anemiaanemia – – bloodblood

ВВ1212--deficiencydeficiency anemiaanemia – – bonebone marrowmarrow

PerniciousPernicious anemiaanemia – – bb. . marrowmarrow Basophilic megaloblastesBasophilic megaloblastes

ВВ1212--deficiencydeficiency anemiaanemia – – bb. . marrowmarrow

Stages of Stages of megaloblast megaloblast developmentdevelopment

Pernicious Pernicious anemia anemia – – bb. . marrowmarrowStages of megaloblast Stages of megaloblast

developmentdevelopment

MegaloblastesMegaloblastes. . MegalocytesMegalocytes..JollyJolly’s bodies’s bodies. . CabotCabot’s rings’s rings