ANDROID

HISTROY INTRODUCTION ANDROID ARCHITECURE ANATOMY OF AN ANDROID APPLICATION ANDROID BUILDING BLOCKS DEVELOPMENT TOOLS WORKING PROCRDURE CURRENT STATUS ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE CONCLUSION

HISTORY

The history and versions of android are interesting to know. The code names of android ranges from A to J currently, such as Aestro, Blender, Cupcake, Donut, Éclair, Froyo, Gingerbread, Honeycomb, Ice Cream Sandwich, Jelly Bean, Kit Kat and Lollipop. Let's understand the android history in a sequence.

1. ANDROID PRE-HISTORY

Android didn't just happen. The origins of the world's dominant mobile operating system can be traced right back to the beginning of the previous decade.

2. ANDROID’S EARLY DAYS

In our second installment, we'll look at Android's first year on the market, from the launch of the T-Mobile G1 in late 2008 through to the first breakout successes for Android the following year, with commentary from a leading mobile executive.

3. ANDROID MAKES IT BIG

In the third part of our Android History series, we track Android's progress as it makes it big in the mobile world, with devices like the HTC EVO, HTC Desire and Samsung Galaxy Galaxy S sweeping the OS to a dominant position.

4. ANDROID IS TRANSFORMED

By the end of 2010 Android had become a force to be reckoned with on smartphones. The following year would see Google's OS properly branch out into tablets with the slate-centric (but ill-fated) Honeycomb release before reuniting the phone and tablet branches in Ice Cream Sandwich, the biggest change to Android in its history thus far. With "ICS" came an entirely new visual style, and a stronger focus on design. And thanks to a partnership with Samsung, Android 4.0 debuted on a phone with a major technical milestone to its name.

VERSIONS FOR ANDROID

Alha, Beta Cupcake Donut Eclair

Honeycomb Ice Cream Sandwich Jellybean Kitkat

Lollipop Marshmallow Nougat

FroyoGingerbread

5. The Rise of Samsung

With the arrival of Android 4.0, Google's OS was starting to look like a mature platform. The Ice Cream Sandwich release gave phone and tablet makers a really solid foundation to build atop, and that's exactly what we saw in 2012. In the fifth part of our series on the history of Android, we'll see how Samsung started to become a dominant force in the Android space, doing battle with Apple in the process. And we'll revisit how Google addressed some of Android's longstanding weaknesses through Android 4.1 Jelly Bean and Google Play Services.

6. THE JELLY BEAN ERA

Of all the nicknamed versions of Android, Jelly Bean was with us the longest. It was an important time for Android's maturity as a platform, with Google making the OS smoother and more stable across a wide range of devices, while laying the groundwork for future developments like Android Wear.

7. ANDROID EVERYWHERE

When you're dominating the smartphone world and successfully carving out a niche against Apple in the tablet space, where do you go next? In 2014, the answer for Android was everywhere. In the space of twelve months, Android exploded onto wear ablest, TVs (again, after the ill-fated Google TV push), cars and even Chrome books. Android was quickly going from being Google's mobile OS to the company's everything OS.

8.THE THIRD AGE OF ANDROID

In the final (for now) installment of our Android History series, we examine Android's third age. As smartphone hardware starts to plateau, we see important new mid-range devices stealing the show and Android cameras at the high end proving the potential of mobile photography.

WHAT IS ANDROID?

Android is the mobile operating system developed by Google. Essentially, Google produces the software that runs almost every other mobile phone besides Apple’s iPhone. There are also some popular Android tablets as well. Android is a Linux-based software system, and similar to Linux, is free and open source software. This means that other companies can use the Android operating system developed by Google and use it in their mobile devices (more on that later). The distinguishing factor of this brand is a kernel. Android hosts a central core, which essentially is a strip code that helps the software operate.

THE OPEN ANDROID

Google maintains an open-source operating system named Android. It's got all the low-level "stuff" as well as the needed middleware to power and use an electronic device, and it is freely given away to anyone who wants to grab the code and build the operating system from it. There is even a full application framework included, so third-party apps can be built and installed, then made available for the user to run as they like.

POPULAR ANDROID

There's a very good chance the Android you have in front of you isn't just powered by the open Android — it needs some extra bits included to make a very different version of Android. Don't feel confused just yet.Whether you have a Nexus phone or a Samsung phone or a Motorola phone or any other brand of phone running Android, they all use a version of Android that has those extra bits. These extras aren't part of the open Android, and you can't freely distribute any of them (even it happens all the time, and generally nobody seems to be too bothered about it).

The future of this operating system is limitless. Google has the futuristic ambition and the funds to take Android to unprecedented heights. In many areas — such as predicting what users will do next (for instance, Google Now knows that in the morning you’re getting ready for work and will tell you about the traffic) — they’ve already surpassed Apple. Android has already posted some impressive figures that show that Android has become the number one mobile operating system in a number of areas. As of May 2013, 900 million Android devices had been activated.

Android is important as a platform for two disparate, yet compelling, reasons, among many others.

Android is a market-mover. The mobile-application space is crowded and difficult to gain footing for a newcomer. Google has the resources and the mind-share to make a splash in any market it puts in its sights. Google's entry into the mobile space has been in the works for a few years. Android was a separate and distinct company purchased by Google to give it a jump-start on a mobile presence. Anything Google is doing gets attention, and publicity is good for introducing new platforms. Score one for Android.

The second reason Android is important is because of its application model. Android applications are not monolithic, menu-laden applications that require a great deal of clicking and tapping to operate. Sure, there are menus and buttons to be tapped

Android Architecture Or Android Software Stack Is Categorized Into Five Parts:

1.Linux kernel2.native

libraries (middleware),

3.Android Runtime

4.Application Framework

5.Applications

It is the heart of android architecture that exists at the root of android architecture. Linux kernel is responsible for device drivers, power management, memory management, device management and resource access.

On the top of Linux kernel, their are Native libraries such as Web Kit, OpenGL, Free Type, SQLite, Media, C runtime library (lab) etc.The Web Kit library is responsible for browser support, SQLite is for database, Free Type for font support, Media for playing and recording audio and video formats.

In android runtime, there are core libraries and DVM (Dalvik Virtual Machine) which is responsible to run android application. DVM is like JVM but it is optimized for mobile devices. It consumes less memory and provides fast performance.

On the top of Native libraries and android runtime, there is android framework. Android framework includes Android API's such as UI (User Interface), telephony, resources, locations, Content Providers (data) and package managers. It provides a lot of classes and interfaces for android application development.

On the top of android framework, there are applications. All applications such as home, contact, settings, games, browsers are using android framework that uses android runtime and libraries. Android runtime and native libraries are using Linux kernel.

There are four building blocks for an Android application: Activity

- a single screen

Intent Receiver - to execute in reaction to an external even (Phone Ring)

Server - Code that is long-lived and runs without a UI (Media Player)

Content Provider - An application’s data to be shared with other application

There is the most important parts of the Android APIs : Activity - a single screen

Intent Receiver - to execute in reaction to an external even (Phone Ring)

Server - Code that is long-lived and runs without a UI (Media Player)

Content Provider - An application’s data to be shared with other application

Android application development

under the Eclipse environment

requires knowledge of the Eclipse

environment and the Android

platform. An understanding of the

terms below is helpful in Android

application development with the

Eclipse plug-in.

Android: - The Flagship Product of the open Handset Alliance. This is an open source operating environment targeted for mobile devices. Emulator: - A Software tool representative of another system – This is often an environment that run on a personal computer that emulates another environment , such as a mobile- computing device. Linux: - A open source operating system kernel at the heart of many computing platforms, including servers, desktop computers, networking appliances, and mobile computing devices. Android runs on top of a Linux kernel. Dalvik Virtual Machine: - The Dalivik VM is an operating environment found In the android stuck, which interprets application code at runtime. The Dalvik VM is similar to a compliant java VM, but the two not compatible. Open Handset Alliance - This is the organization led by Google Inc., consisting of numerous public and private organization.

The Android platform is best described as a stack because it is a collection of components, including:

Linux kernel-based operating systemJava programming environmentTool chain, including compiler, resource compiler, debugger and emulatorDalvik VM for running applications

An Unusual & fundamental feature – Process’s lifetime is not directly controlled by the application itself. Deciding factors: - how important - overall memory available

To determine which processes should be killed low on memory: - “importance hierarchy”

The ability for any one to customize the Google android platform.

It gives you better notification. It let you choose your hardware. It has better app market (1,80,000

application) A more mature platform With the support of many application, the user

can change he screen display. With Google chore you can open many

window at once. Supports all Google services : Android

operating system support all of Google services running from Gmail to Google reader. All Google services can you have with one operating system, namely Android.

Android Market is less control of the manager, sometimes there are malware.

Wasteful Batteries, This is Because The OS is a lot of “Process” in the background causing the battery quickly drains.

Sometimes slow device company issued an official version of an android your own.

Extremely inconsistence in design among apps.

Very unstable and often hang or crush

Android is open to all : industry, developers and users

Participating in many of the successful open source projects.

Aims to be as easy to build for s the web.

Google Android is Stepping into the next level of mobile internet.

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