Andrew Owusu Ph.D. Research Workshop in Water Supply, Sanitation and health related to schools and...
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Andrew Owusu Ph.D.
Research Workshop in Water Supply, Sanitation and health related to schools and local
communities in West AfricaSeptember 18th – 20th 2007
*A contribution to the WHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance
Global School-Based Student Health Survey: Monitoring Student
Hygiene/Sanitation Behaviors in Ghana
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Presentation Overview
Background Introduction to GSHS
GSHS PurposeGSHS Modules (10)
HygieneSampling and Questionnaire
(hygiene questions)Implications for the futureSummary
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GSHS Introduction2001: WHO with technical assistance
from CDC, initiates development of the GSHS (CDC, 2006)
GSHS relation to US Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS).
2003: Ghana Nutritional Risk Behavior Survey (School-Based, Youth)
2006: Middle Tennessee State University initiates implementation work on GSHS
2007 GSHS data collectionSeptember 17th – 28th
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GSHS Purpose
To provide accurate data on students to:
1. Help countries develop priorities, establish programmes, and advocate for resources
2. Establish trends in the prevalence of health behaviors and protective factors by country
3. Allow countries and international agencies to make comparisons across countries
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The GSHS Sample
2-stage probability sample1st stage – selection of schools
selected with probability proportional to size
schools with grades that 13-15 year olds attend
selected at CDC2nd stage – selection of
classroomsselected randomlyselected in country
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Ghana Sample75 Schools from all 10 regions in
Ghana3 Super Zones (SR)
North, Central and South25 Schools Per Zone
*Target number is 1500 in each zone. Presented number reflects over sampling due to expect 80% participation rate
Super Region Enrollment
Sample Size*
North 6,084 1,875
Central 4,426 1,875
South 4,638 1,875
Eligible Population
15,148 5,625
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Ghana Super Zones for 2007 GSHS Implementation
Southern Zone
Central Zone
Northern Zone
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GSHS Questionnaire
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GSHS Questionnaire
The GSHS questionnaire consists of:Core questionnaire modules
Core-expanded questionsCountry-specific questions
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Core Questionnaire Modules
10 core questionnaire modulesContain 52 questionsMeasure the most important health
behaviors and protective factorsContain from 3 to 7 questionsMust use at least 6 of the 10
modules with no changesCannot have more than 99
questions total – fewer are recommended
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Core Questionnaire Modules
Respondent demographics – 3Alcohol and other drug use – 6 Dietary behaviors – 5Hygiene – 4Mental health – 6Physical activity - 5Protective factors – 5Sexual behaviors that contribute to HIV
infection, other STI, and unintended pregnancy – 5
Tobacco use – 6Unintentional injury and violence - 7
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Core-expanded questions
To collect more detailed information on selected core questionnaire module topics.
More questionsBehaviorAttitude KnowledgeSources of information
Hygiene (7)
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Country Specific Questions
Question on topics of unique interest and importance to a particular country.
GhanaHygieneMalariaWorm infestation
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Ghana GSHS Hygiene Module
The 2007 Ghana GSHS looks at hygiene in 2 settingsA. General B. At School
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GSHS Hygiene Components
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Summary
Youth health risk behavior assessment
Assessment capacity buildingUse of prevalence dataFuture Issues
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Future Issues
SustainabilityExpansion to older youth
Senior secondary schoolsInterventions/Programs
Data based, customizedHypothesis generation and testing
Promoting Hygiene/Sanitation through school sports
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SO, did I give you……