Andrew Jackson’s Presidency

Mrs. D’ErricoUnited States History

Outline

• Early Life

• Election of 1824

• Increasing Suffrage in

the early 1800’s

• Election of 1828

• Jackson’s Presidency

Early Life and Career• Born: March 15,

1767 in Waxhaw, South Carolina.

• American Revolution comes to the Carolinas

• Studies Law

• Appointed Public Prosecutor of the “Western District”

• Delegate to Tennessee Constitutional Convention

• 1st Member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Tennessee

• U.S. Senator, 1797-1798

Private Life• In 1794 Jackson

marries Rachel Donaldson Robards in Nashville

• Buys Family Estate at The Hermitage, Nashville Tennesse

• The couple never had children of their own but adopted or received guardianship over many children during their life at the Hermitage

The Hermitage

Military Career“Old Hickory”

• War of 1812War of 1812– Ordered South to

Natchez and eventually defender of New Orleans

– Creek Uprising and Treaty

– January 8, 1815: British defeat against Jackson’s forces at New Orleans

– Defeat of Spanish Florida

– 1821 becomes governor of Florida territory

Election of 1824

• As voting membership increased to include all white males, participation in local, regional, and national politics increased.

• Political discussion rallies, and organized groups ushered in a new political climate in the country.

• ““Corrupt Bargain”Corrupt Bargain” John Quincy

Adams, (N) Democratic Republican

Andrew Jackson, (W) Democratic Republican

Henry Clay (W), Democratic Republican

William H. Crawford (S) Democratic Republican

Increasing Suffrage In The Early 1800’s

“The Rise of the Common Man”

• In the first half of the 19th Century voting requirements shifted from property to white manhood being the only qualification for voting.

• By 1840 90% of the nation’s white males could vote. This change strictly restricted the involvement of free African American voting.

• Despite a growing political women’s movement for suffrage, women were completely left out. (text: P. 266)

Voting Requirements Voting Requirements in the Early 19cin the Early 19c

Voting Requirements Voting Requirements in the Early 19cin the Early 19c

Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860

Jackson’s Presidency1828-1836

• Read Andrew Jackson’s First Inaugural Address to the country and outline his primary goals as president.

• Executive ControlVeto Power

• “Kitchen Cabinet”• Spoils System• Bank War• Nullification• Indian Removal

1828 Election Results1828 Election Results1828 Election Results1828 Election Results

The Reign of “King Mob”The Reign of “King Mob”The Reign of “King Mob”The Reign of “King Mob”

Veto Power• Jackson viewed his presidency as

representing the interest of the common man and using his executive power he used the veto more that all the presidents combined prior to his tenure.

•Read the Veto of the Maysville Road Bill and discuss Jackson’s reasons for using the veto for this legislation.

Kitchen Cabinet

• Jackson relied heavily on the advice and counsel of his friends from Tennessee and the West, rather than eliciting advice from his legally appointed Cabinet members

Daniel Webster

John C. Calhoun

•

                                                             

Bank WarBank War

“The Bank is trying to kill me… but I will kill it!”

~Andrew Jackson to Martin Van Buren

Opposition to the 2Opposition to the 2ndnd B.U.S.B.U.S.

Opposition to the 2Opposition to the 2ndnd B.U.S.B.U.S.

“Soft”(paper) $

“Soft”(paper) $

“Hard”(specie) $

“Hard”(specie) $

3 state bankers state bankers feltfeltit restrained it restrained theirtheirbanks from banks from issuingissuingbank notes bank notes freely.freely.

3 supported rapid supported rapid

economic economic growth growth & speculation.& speculation.

3 felt that coin was felt that coin was

the only safethe only safecurrency.currency.

3 didn’t like any didn’t like any bankbankthat issued bankthat issued banknotes.notes.

3 suspicious of suspicious of expansion &expansion &speculation.speculation.

The “Monster” Is The “Monster” Is Destroyed!Destroyed!

The “Monster” Is The “Monster” Is Destroyed!Destroyed!

3 ““pet banks”pet banks”??

3 1832 1832 Jackson vetoed Jackson vetoed thethe extension of the 2 extension of the 2ndnd National Bank of National Bank of thethe United States. United States.

3 1836 1836 the charter the charter expired.expired.

3 1841 1841 the bank went the bank went bankrupt! bankrupt!

Results of the Specie Results of the Specie CircularCircular

Results of the Specie Results of the Specie CircularCircular

$ Banknotes loose their Banknotes loose their value.value.

$ Land sales plummeted.Land sales plummeted.

$ Credit not available.Credit not available.

$ Businesses began to fail.Businesses began to fail.

$ Unemployment rose.Unemployment rose.The Panic of 1837!The Panic of 1837!

Nullification Crisis

• Tariff of 1828“Tariff of

Abominations”Read the South

Carolina Protest against the Tariff of 1828, and discuss the concerns and arguments against the national tariff

• Force Bill– Enacted by Jackson

to authorize the federal government to collect by force if necessary the tariffs out of South Carolina

– Crucial Issue: Maintaining the Union VS. State’s Rights

1830183018301830 WebsterWebster::

Liberty and Union, now Liberty and Union, now andand forever, one and forever, one and inseparable.inseparable. JacksonJackson:: Our Federal Union—it must Our Federal Union—it must bebe preserved. preserved.

CalhounCalhoun:: The Union, next to our The Union, next to our liberty,liberty, most dear. most dear.

Indian RemovalTrail of Tears, 1830

"What good man would prefer a country covered with forest and ranged by a few thousand savages to our extensive republic, studded with cities, towns and prosperous farms and filled with all the blessings of liberty, civilization and religion?“

~Andrew Jackson

Indian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian Removal3 Jackson’s GoalJackson’s Goal??

3 1830 1830 Indian Removal ActIndian Removal Act

3 Cherokee Nation v. GACherokee Nation v. GA (1831)(1831) ** “domestic dependent “domestic dependent nation”nation”

3 Worcester v. GAWorcester v. GA (1832)(1832)

3 Jackson:Jackson: John Marshall has made hisJohn Marshall has made his decision, now let him decision, now let him enforce enforce it! it!

Final Evaluation

• Based on the Power Point Presentation, documents, and background knowledge you have on Andrew Jackson rate the man, his ideologies, and his Presidency.

• This assignment will be completed in a One- page paper assignment.