ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
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Transcript of ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
ANDI + ANDI Latin American NetworkJournalism, Children’s Rights and Public Policies
Democracy, Governance and Accountability:the contribution of media and communication
BBC World Service Trust / Communication InitiativeLONDON – 16th January 2008
Background – Brazil
• A country of young people
– 2006: 180 million people
– Children and adolescents: 62 million
– Children under 12 years old: 41 million
– Adolescents: 21 million
– Brazilian children and adolescents represent 1/3 of
all the country’s inhabitants
– They also represent1/3 of Latin American and
Caribbean population under 18
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
* IBGE and UNICEF Report 2006
Background – Brazil
• Economy
– GDP: US$ 1,067 trillion
– 10th world economy
* World Bank – 2006
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
Background – Brazil
• Income concentration
– GINI Index: 0,593
– 8th most unequal country
– Richest 10% owns 46,9% of income
– Poorest 10% owns 0,7% of income
* UNDP – 2005
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
Background – Brazil
• Human Development Index
– Since 1990, Brazil increased 14 positions (177 countries)
– 2006: 69th position (HDI = 0,792)
– 2007: Brazil joined the high Human Development
group (HDI = 0,800)
– President Lula’s effort to fight poverty are beginning
to show results
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
Background – Media
• Latin America: recent democracies
– Public media groups are rare and rather
government- and not public-oriented
– Regulatory apparatus tend to be weak
– Highly concentrated media ownership structure
– Many journalists are poorly educated and work
under difficult conditions
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
Background – Media
• High degree of media freedom and some strong private groups
– Improved technical quality
– Impoverished content – particularly in the loss of
cultural, educational and developmental content*
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
* DFID. Mass Media. Keysheet, n. 22./ August 2003
Background - Media
• Concerns on media ownership
– Eight in ten Brazilians agree that increasing
ownership concentration is a major issue because
owners’ political views often emerge in news
reporting
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
* BBC World Service (Globescan poll of 11,344 people across 14 countries / December 2007)
Background - Media
• Absence of pluralism / biased coverage
– A recent research by ONADEM found an homogenous
approach in the way 15 Bolivian newspapers covered
the debate around the country’s new constitution
– Besides that, it was noticed that the same editorial
could be published by two or even three different
papers (owned by rival media groups) – all the
editorials criticized the new legislation proposal
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
* ONADEM (Observatorio Nacional de Medios). Lineas de Opinion en torno al Proceso Constintuyente - 2007
The need for a strong Media System• Press freedom is an essential condition, but not a
sufficient one for the media to play a pro-active role in
democracy, governance and developmental processes.
Some other conditions must be fulfilled:
– A sound regulatory framework (media groups + access to
public information)
– Media groups that are relatively independent of political and economic interests
– Constant capacity building and institutional empowerment
of journalists who cover these issues
– An well established and diverse Media Accountability
System - M.A.S. (Who guards the guardians?)
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
Good journalism
Three main characteristics
• Provides the citizenry with trustworthy, contextualized
information regarding their rights (empowerment of
citizens / building of social capital)
• Sets and frame the agenda around relevant issues in a
pluralistic manner (Agenda-setting theory)
• Exerts social control over government officials and
public policies (the watchdog role)
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
The Media System
• Government (regulatory framework)
• Media groups (serious CSR policies - including journalism)
• Journalists
• Universities and other training institutions
• Journalistic unions, associations, federations
• Sources of information
• Educational system (media literacy)
• Alternative media (community radios, blogs, etc)
• Citizens
• Media Accountability Systems (M.A.S.)
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
Media Accountability Systems (M.A.S.)*
• Civil Society Organizations + Academic Institutions
whose mission is to improve the accountability,
responsiveness and capabilities of the media
• If the media are to contribute to governance, they must
be subject to similar checks and balances as those that
constitute the division of powers in the state
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
* Claude-Jean Bertrand, Professor Emeritus at the French Press Institute (University of Paris 2). An Arsenal for Democracy: Media Accountability Systems, 2003.
Media Accountability Systems (M.A.S.)
• Monitor editorial content on a regular basis
• Provide critical overview of the coverage
• Develop methodologies that raise the
awareness of the public, of journalists and of
media companies
• Watch media structural problems
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
ANDI’s case
• ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
• ANDI Brazil Network
• ANDI Latin America Network
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
ANDI - Three Strategic Pillars
• Mobilization– To articulate journalists, media outlets, news sources,
journalism students and other social actors in order to mainstream children’s and adolescents’ rights in the media
• Media Monitoring– To collect, archive, and classify the editorial content
concerning children published by large set of Brazilian and Latin American newspapers, magazines, and, more recently, TV newscasts
• Capacity Building & Editorial Analysis– To analyze quantitatively and qualitatively the stories
collected and based on the results to provide journalists, news sources, and journalism students with tools and opportunities to enhance their skills and develop new ones
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
ANDI as a Social Technology
• Social Technology
A concept used in Brazil and other Latin American
countries to identify a set of tested, structured and
replicable methodologies that can be adapted and
applied in other geographical and/or social contexts.
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
ANDI Brazil Network - 2000
• Amazonas• Bahia• Ceará• Distrito Federal• Maranhão• Mato Grosso do Sul• Minas Gerais• Paraná• Pernambuco• Rio Grande do Norte• Sergipe
ANDI – Agência de Notícias dos Direitos da Infância
11 STATES
ANDI Latin America Network - 2003
• Argentina• Brazil• Bolivia• Colombia• Costa Rica• Ecuador• Guatemala• México• Nicaragua• Paraguay• Peru• Uruguay• Venezuela
ANDI – Agência de Notícias dos Direitos da Infância
13 COUNTRIES
Mobilization
• Permanent help desk: one-on-one assistance for journalists
• Daily news summaries to more than 1,500 journalists countrywide
• Monthly bulletins of in-depth suggestions for news coverage
• Child-Friendly Journalist Project: recognition of media professionals (346 so far, from all over the country) who champion issues related to children’s rights
• Tim Lopes Award for Investigative Journalism Projects on Sexual Violence Against Children and Adolescents
• Online Information Sources Directory (3,500 entries)ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s
Rights
Mobilization
• Independent Survey – Child-Friendly Journalist Project
– 38% are influential professionals from the media: editors or newsroom chiefs
– 97,54% agree that the Project improved quality of coverage
– 97% agree that the initiative has influenced media editors and owners to devote more space to children’s issues
– 85% frequently use the Direto ao Assunto (news themes suggestion bulletin) as a source for their stories
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
*Independent Evaluation of the Child-Friendly Project, conducted by John Snow Brazil - 2004.
Mobilization
“If any child is out of school, any youngster has no
access to professional training, and if a boy carries a hoe
instead of a pencil in order to help his family have
something to eat, it is a responsibility of the media to
portray this reality and ask whether it is what we want
as a society. The answer will be given by each citizen.
But it is us, journalists, who have to tell this story.” *
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
* Luciana Constantino, reporter, Folha de S.Paulo (Brazil)
Child-friendly Journalist
Media Monitoring
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
• Daily press clipping and classification: 55 newspapers (from 1996 on)
• Daily clipping and classification of 5 TV newscasts (from 2006 on)
• Monitoring process focusing, among other aspects:– Main Social Issues - Sources of information– Public policies - Legislation– Statistics - Gender, disabilities, ethnicity
• Reports presenting the findings of the research
• Ranking portraying the performance of newspapers,
based on 18 variables
Increase in Coverage – Children and Adolescents Issues ANDI Brazil + Network (1996 - 2004)
Year
Number of articles:
newspapers and magazines
Number of newspapers monitored
Number of magazines monitored
Increase in the number of
articles for the 45 newspapers
monitored every year
Annual percentage
increase in the number of
articles for the 45 newspapers
1996 10,700 55 - 10,540 -
1997 16,740 50 7 14,105 33.82%
1998 27,114 51 9 23,061 63.50%
1999 48,639 48 8 44,919 94.78%
2000 64,396 50 8 59,243 31.89%
2001 76,928 49 10 72,580 22.51%
2002 93,581 50 10 86,231 18.81%
2003 115,869 54 10 102,264 18.59%
2004 161,706 60 10 131,617 28.70%
Total increase for the period 1996 - 2004 (45 newspapers monitored) 1,148.74%
Media Monitoring
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
Most Covered Topics – Newspapers and Magazines (1996-2005)
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Rights &Justice
Rights &Justice
Education
Education
Education
Education
Education
Education
Education
Education
Health ViolenceRights &Justice
Health Violence Violence Violence Violence Violence Rights &Justice
Violence Health Violence Violence Health HealthRights &Justice
Rights &Justice
Rights &Justice
Violence
Sexual Abuse &Exploitat
ion
Education
Health Rights &Justice
Rights &Justice
Rights &Justice
Health Health Health Health
Education
Sexual Abuse &Exploitat
ion
Third Sector
Organizations
Third Sector
Organizations
Third Sector
Organizations
Third Sector
Organizations
International
International
Culture Culture
ANDI Brazil + Network (1996 - 2004)
ANDI – News Agency for Children’s Rights
Media Monitoring
Editorial Analysis and Capacity Building
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
• In depth Thematic Media Analysis +
Publications portraying the findings
– Historical background and theoretical information regarding the issue at hand
– Interviews with and articles by experts and journalists
– A directory of information sources
– A comprehensive section with tips on how to improve the coverage of this topics
– Focus on other social and environmental topics(CSR, Poverty, Public Policies on Communication, Social Technologies, Climate Change)
Editorial Analysis and Capacity Building
ANDI – News Agency for Children’s Rights
Books, reports and other publications
Editorial Analysis and Capacity Building
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
• Capacity Building
– Seminars to debate the most important aspects revealed by the studies
– Interactive format applied to these meetings encourages journalists and news sources to strengthen the ties among themselves
– Half-day or one-day workshops, held in the newsrooms premises, designed to provide intensive training on specific subjects
– E-learning courses will soon be offered (First one: coverage of public expenditure and associated issues)
Editorial Analysis and Capacity Building
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
• Academic Interface (Journalism Courses)
– Development, in partnership with universities, of elective
courses on social policies
– Scholarship Program for final Under-graduate dissertations
– Awards granted to final Under-graduate dissertations,
Master’s dissertations and Doctoral theses that excel in
explaining the links between communication, journalism,
and development
– National seminars comprising communication
researchers who focus on social issues
ANDI as a M.A.S.
ANDI struck me as being an original M.A.S., a remarkable “media accountability system”. What I call an M.A.S. is any non governmental, non-state, means of inducing newspeople to be “ethical”, in other words, to serve the people well. (…) ANDI is an efficient and very original one. That kind of M.A.S. should exist in every country.
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
Claude-Jean Bertrand. Facing the Challenge – Children’s rights and human development in Latin American news media, 2006.
Theme (*)
Use of statistics or
indicatorsReferences to
legislationDivergent opinions
Participative Democracy / Councils 17,6% 24,2% 11,3%
Disabilities 15,3% 19,1% 4,2%
Poverty, Inequality, and Human Development 58,8% 9,9% 11,2%
Human Rights 23,3% 35,1% 11,0%
Drugs 25,4% 11,8% 8,4%
Education 19,3% 15,2% 10,3%
Early Childhood Education 20,9% 25,5% **
Commercial Sexual Exploitation 13,5% 13,4% **
Public Policies on Communication 16,0% 34,8% 15,7%
Corporate Social Responsibility 30,0% 12,8% 4,5%
Children’s Health 39,4% 5,1% 7%
Adolescents’ Health 34,5% 3,0% 5,2%
Tobacco & Alcohol 55,2% ** 6,7%
Social Technologies 27,2% 6,4% 3,1%
Child Labor 44,6% 1,4% 6,6%
Genetically-modified organisms 40,6% 70,9% 36,5%
Violence 10,7% 4,4% **
Average 29,0% 18,3% 10,1%
Strengthening the watchdog role
ANDI – News Agency for Children’s Rights
*SOURCE: ANDI
Position Theme (*) News published inReferences to public policies
1 Education 2004 66.0%
2 Genetically-modified organisms 2004 63.9%
3 Early Childhood Education 2000 58.0%
4 Human Rights 2004 54.1%
5 Poverty, Inequality, and Human Development 2001/2002 52.2%
6 Children’s Health 2002 47.0%
7 Child Labor 2002 40.2%
8 Participative Democracy / Councils 2003 36.0%
9 Communication Public Policies 2003/2005 32.7%
10 Adolescents’ Health 2001 30.0%
11 Tobacco & Alcohol 2001 28.9%
12 Disabilities 2002 26.3%
13 Drugs 2002/2003 26.2%
14 Social Technologies 2004 21.0%
15 Commercial Sexual Exploitation 2000/2001 9.9%
16 Violence 2000/2001 4.8%
Average - 37.41%
*SOURCE: ANDIStrengthening the watchdog role
ANDI – News Agency for Children’s Rights
,
PositionTheme(*)
Stories in which the government is pressed to respond or pointed as
responsible for rights violations on a given issue
1 Poverty, Inequality, and Human Development 27.6%
2 Human Rights 15.3%
3 Adolescents’ Health 13.0%
4 Disabilities 10.1%
5 Children’s Health 9.4%
6 Drugs 9.0%
7 Child Labor 8.8%
8 Commercial Sexual Exploitation 8.0%
9 Communication Public Policies 6.0%
10 Participative Democracy / Councils 5.9%
11 Education 4.0%
12 Corporate Social Responsibility 4.0%
13 Social Technologies 3.7%
14 Violence 2.3%
15 Tobacco & Alcohol 1.4%
Average 8.57%
Strengthening the watchdog role
ANDI – News Agency for Children’s Rights
*SOURCE: ANDI
Strengthening the watchdog role
• In-depth analysis of the coverage of Sexual ViolenceANDI Brazil + Network
Coverage of Violence in general vs. Sexual Violence* Search
for Solutio
ns
Denunciation
Cites ECA*
*
Cites legislation in general
Cites public
policies
Violence in general
3.99% 14.84% 0.90% 5.06% 0.45%
Sexual Violence 16.89% 36.10% 4.99
% 12.35% 5.23%
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
*Source: Relatório Infância na Mídia 2003/2004
** ECA – Brazilian Bill on Children’s Rights
,
Strengthening the watchdog role
ANDI – News Agency for Children’s Rights
ANDI: Rights, Childhood and
the Public Agenda, 2006
Public Policies(% for Brazil relative to total of news stories on Children and
Adolescents in 2005)*
References to Public Policies 16.08%
References to infrastructure policies 4.59%
References to public compensatory policies 2.33%
References to public welfare policies 1.31%
References to other policies 7.86%
References to Public Expenditures 2.90%
References to corruption and embezzlement of public resources 1.36%
References to Public Budgets 0.99%
References to the absence of public resources 0.56%
Portrays Youth Participation Actions 0.47%
,
Strengthening the watchdog role
ANDI – News Agency for Children’s Rights
Protagonists in the news(% for Brazil of total of news stories on Children and Adolescents in
2005)
General coverage of
Children and
Adolescents
Coverage Focusing on Public Policies
Institutions 41.04% 82.12%
Government 29.74% 75.40%
Organized Civil Society 5.17% 2.15%
Company / Business Foundation 3.87% 0.81%
Partner Institutions 1.64% 3.23%
Multilateral Organization / Agency 0.62% 0.54%
Individuals 36.26% 5.17%
General Population 5.86% 4.23%
Stories of a Thematic Nature or without Protagonists
16.84% 8.47%
ANDI: Rights, Childhood and
the Public Agenda, 2006
Strengthening the watchdog role
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
• Public Policies - Argentina
– In 2004 the Provincial Government of Neuquén
presented a draft bill that would have changed
the Law on the Full Protection of Children and
Adolescents to permit the incarceration of
adolescents under 18
– The government dropped the initiative following
a barrage of critical news stories and editorials,
much of it inspired by background information
and analysis provided by the local ANDI NGO
Strengthening the watchdog role
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
“Government Cuts Funding for Children and
Adolescents at Risk by 30%”
• Public Policies - Brazil
Strengthening the watchdog role
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
“Lula CutsFunds to Combat
Child Laborby 80%”
• Public Policies - Brazil
Strengthening the watchdog role
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
“GovernmentReinstates Funding
to CombatChild Labor”
• Public Policies - Brazil
The Climate Change coverage
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
• 50 Brazilian newspapers
• 24 months (July 2005 – June 2007)
• Composite month methodology (62 days)
Good news…
The coverage presents an impressive level of
contextualization:
– 40% display statistics – 36% cite legislation– 32% contain scientific data– 24% made references to public policies
The Climate Change coverage
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
And bad…
• Less than10% of the texts presented divergent opinions
• In just 3% of the stories the government is pressed to
respond or identified as accountable for violations of
rights concerning the issue at hand
• Only 15% of the material establish relations between
climate change and the development agenda (or model)
“When you warn people about the dangers of climate change,
they call you a saint. When you explain what needs
to be done to stop it, they call you a communist.”
George Monbiot, The Guardian (Dec 4, 2007)
What lies ahead
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
– Mapping and supporting the strengthening of M.A.S.
in Latin America (institutions which work for the
improvement of the media system)
– Stimulating improvement of media regulatory
frameworks
– Stimulating improvements in the corporate
governance status of media firms
– Fostering increase in quantity and quality of the
coverage of social public policies
– Developing specific indicators on media,
democracy and development
Partners - Latin America Network
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
SM
Sponsor
Other Partners
• ANDI and ANDI Brazil Network
ANDI – Brazilian News Agency for Children’s Rights
- Ford Foundation- W. K. Kellogg Foundation - World Childhood Foundation - International Labor Organization (ILO)
- Conselho Nacional dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente (Conanda)- Subsecretaria Especial dos Direitos Humanos da Presidência da República- Ministério da Educação- Ministério da Saúde
- Fundação Banco do Brasil- Instituto C&A- Instituto Alana