and the UN Sustainable Development Goals Review€¦ · Sustainable Development is defined as:...

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5/3/2019 1 Sustainable Development is defined as: "Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” Sustainable Development Model and the UN Sustainable Development Goals Review: ECONOMY sustainable economic growth developed local economy connected to global economy COMMUNITY healthy people economic opportunity education sense of place safe and just ENVIRONMENT stewardship responsible harvesting conservation preservation quality quantity sustainability Arguments for the ‘Making Room for Cities’ Approach to future Urban Development https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1GknqMC4B2o

Transcript of and the UN Sustainable Development Goals Review€¦ · Sustainable Development is defined as:...

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Sustainable Development is defined as:"Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising theability of future generations to meet their own needs”

Sustainable Development Model and the UN Sustainable Development Goals Review:

ECONOMY

sustainable economic growthdeveloped local economy

connected to global economy

COMMUNITY

healthy peopleeconomic opportunity

educationsense of placesafe and just

ENVIRONMENT

stewardshipresponsible harvesting

conservation preservation

qualityquantity

sustainability

Arguments for the ‘Making Room for Cities’ Approach to future Urban Development

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1GknqMC4B2o

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Greenhouse gas emissions and containment index for selected metropolitan regions in USA and Europe

Urban ‘containment’, as a policy is more of a top‐down approach that seeks to keep urban development ‘contained’ and close to the urban core central business district.

A goal is to prevent urban sprawl. Urban sprawl tends to be discontinuous, suburban‐style development resulting from rapid, apparently unplanned or uncoordinated growth.

In Europe, urban containment is common.  In the USA, urban containment is seen as an infringement on Private Property rights.

‘Smart Growth’ polices may have regulations to containment development, but not like Europe.Urban containment Index

Approaches to Containing Urban Development

Urban containment in Europe is enforced by containment policies.  Here is an example of Sueca, Spain.

The most well known example of this type of regulation in the US would be Portland, Oregon’s Urban Growth Boundary.

Portland’s Urban Growth Boundary has been fought over in courts of law regarding it’s Constitutionality. 

Pro‐growth partners have won many victories fighting urban containment policies in the USA.  

More cases are being heard by the US Supreme court this year which will affect ZONING REGULATIONS and the protection of threatened and endangered species throughout the country.

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Population Densities are Declining While Land Consumption for Cities are Rising

Average Built‐up Area Densities in Three World Regions:

Population densities are declining around the world! 

It doesn’t matter whether the regional populations are declining, plateauing, or increasing – we are each consuming more land per person than we did previously in history and geography!

What could be the cause of this?  

Only the ‘land‐rich’ developed countries (USA, Canada, Australia) are seeing slight increases in population densities.  Probably due to the ‘return to the city’ millennial movement and high real east costs…

The General Decline in Built‐up Area Densities in 25 Representative Cities, 1800‐2000

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Ecological Footprint and Human Development Index for Selected Countries and Cities

Human Development Index

We can estimate how Sustainable a city is by plotting its ecological foot print and its Human Development Index (HDI)

HDI was created to emphasize that people should be the defining criteria for the development of a country, not economic factors – such as growth – alone.

HDI is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: 1. a long and healthy life, 2. being knowledgeable and 3. have a decent standard of living

Approaches for Urban Transformation:

For this approach (used in several Asian countries), all levels of government quickly identify their own potential “smart cities” and work to channel significant investment in that direction. In such cases, city administrations define the components of technology enablement within the cities, and then procure the software and infrastructure based on the overall design. Room for innovation is limited, as “solutions” are sought instead of opening up the problems and challenges to the private sector. 

This approach has little public‐sector funding, despite that the general idea of smart urban spaces has been central to the current generation of successful start‐ups. The government’s role comes into play for promoting applications in fields that might be less appealing to venture capital, but crucial to domains such as municipal waste or water services. The city also promotes the use of open platforms and standards in such projects, which would speed up adoption in cities worldwide. 

The city administration is more of a catalyst and can invest in strategic trunk infrastructure that is required to provide urban services. Such infrastructure includes utility corridors and a connectivity backbone. The city administration must adopt open data and standards to exchange data. Using this framework, solutions can be developed as and when required. 

Public – Private Partnership

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The UN’s Sustainable Cities Framework

1. Identify “DNA” ‐ Each city develops a unique set of economic and social characteristics

2. Identify Challenges ‐ A city could face multiple challenges across various dimensions such as urban planning, mobility, culture and leisure, environment, institutions, knowledge and skills, urban economy, infrastructure 

3. Develop a Shared Vision ‐ A city needs to develop a long‐term vision to strengthen the key characteristics and overcome urban challenges

4. Identify and Prioritize Goals ‐ Once the vision has been established, key priorities among the various urban domains’ goals need to be identified

5. Develop Programs ‐ After identifying and prioritizing goals, cities need to develop a programs and a project pipeline based on the assessment of current infrastructure and facilities and aspirational outcomes

6. Revisit Regulations ‐ As cities embark upon urban rejuvenation initiatives, they will be leveraging solutions based on disruptive business models that do not seamlessly fit into traditional regulatory frameworks

7. Develop Capacity ‐ Urban transformation programs may require skills beyond those available at the institutional level

8. Financing and Funding ‐ Cities should design urban rejuvenation programs that are financially sustainable

9. Target Quick Wins ‐ Large infrastructure augmentation or implementation of technology solutions are often time‐consuming and have large lead times until tangible or intangible benefits can be accrued

10. Manage Benefits and Monitor ‐ The projects need to be monitored on a regular basis to ensure that cost and schedule overruns are kept to a minimum and the desired quality output is produced

The 10‐Step Action Plan for Urban Transformation:

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Arguments against the ‘Making Room for Cities’ Approach to future Urban Development?

Sometimes called ‘smart cities’…

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Y9Run_COnI

S U S T A I N A B L E    C I T I E SG R E E N    C I T I E SS M A R T    C I T I E S

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S U S T A I N A B L E    C I T Y

• What is a Sustainable City?  Can Megacities be ‘Sustainable’?

• Do we want to sustain Megacities?!

• Let’s move ahead and come back to these questions latter.

• Let’s move on to ‘Green Cities’ and ‘Smart Cities’

G R E E N   C I T Y The contemporary ‘Green City’ movement is a bit different than the Sustainable City movement

While it is a concept reaching for the same Sustainability goals, it goes further by targeting specific infrastructure improvements

‘Green City’ development models are at the top of the Sustainable Development scale

This type of development is found in regions where the economy is advanced (wealthy and ‘clean’), the population has stabilized… i.e., the Developed Core

Paths for cities to ‘Go Green’

• Waste Management– First, stop calling it as ‘waste’

– There is no definitive list of what does, and what does not constitute as ‘waste’

– Increase Recycling

• Some cities (Charlotte, NC) makes throwing certain items away illegal, therefore making recycling happen

• (Efficient) Public Transportation– Reducing pollution by reducing individual automobile use 

and increasing public transportation

– Increase ‘telecommuting’ as a work‐place option

• Energy efficiency– Reducing fuel consumption

– Increasing population densities

Integrating these three separate systems into one, combined system is a goal of Green Development

1. Copenhagen, Denmark

2. Amsterdam, Netherlands

3. Stockholm, Sweden

4. Vancouver, Canada

5. London, UK

1. Berlin, Germany

2. New York, USA

3. Singapore

4. Helsinki, Finland

5. Oslo, Norway

The Top 10 Greenest Cities in the World (2014)according to the Global Green Economy Index

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G R E E N   C I T I E S  O F  T H E  W O R L D ‐ Electricity

https://www.bloomberg.com

Sustainable Operations PNC was an early adopter of green buildings

PNC  aims to reduce our emissions and energy consumption by 75 percent, using 2009 as a baseline, and to reduce our water consumption by 50 percent, using 2012 as a baseline

PNC has shifted its focus beyond green buildings to focus more on innovation and intelligent buildings, which use automation and advanced data processing

The effectiveness of our intelligent building strategy is largely dependent on analytics from various data sources, such as our utility bills, work order requests and building management system

The Tower at PNC Plaza

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The 430,000 square ft.‐building, known as MPK 20, can hold up to 2,800 people and is certified by the U.S. Green Building Council, according to sources familiar with the project.

It includes a 9‐acre green roof — that's roughly the size of seven football fields —with a half‐mile walking loop and over 400 trees.

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The 430,000 square ft.‐building, known as MPK 20, can hold up to 2,800 people and is certified by the U.S. Green Building Council, according to sources familiar with the project.

It includes a 9‐acre green roof — that's roughly the size of seven football fields —with a half‐mile walking loop and over 400 trees.

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S M A R T   C I T YSmart Cities are leading the world with internal and external connectivity using the Internet of Things (IoT)

The IoTs would monitor and even manage many urban processes without human oversight.  With the help of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Smart Cities connected via the IoTs would be similar to living organisms

This obviously leads to larger ethical questions…

And conjures imagery of dystopian futures and Orwellian surveillance

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Sidewalk Toronto will begin with a new neighborhood, called Quayside, located at Parliament Slip, just southeast of Downtown Toronto 

Objectives:

Establish a complete community that improves quality of life for a diverse population of residents, workers, and visitors

Create a destination for people, companies, startups, and local organizations to advance solutions to the challenges facing cities, such as energy use, housing affordability, and transportation

Make Toronto the global hub of a rising new industry: urban innovation

Serve as a model for sustainable neighborhoods throughout Toronto and cities around the world

Sidewalk Labs and Waterfront Toronto aim to bring the innovations advanced at Quayside to scale across the Eastern Waterfront, more than 325 hectares (800 acres) that represent one of North America’s largest areas of underdeveloped urban land

S M A R T   C I T Y – Quayside, Toronto CN

https://www.sidewalklabs.com/

Sidewalk Labs, Alphabet/Google’s new Urban Planning company competed for developing a redevelopment plan for a former warehouse district along the waterfront in Toronto Canada

The new project is an experiment that implements the idea of building a city “from the internet up”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKIrSUCeOtU

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCerIxCyVoEiBfOkAoWxKAiA/videos

S M A R T   C I T Y – Quayside, Toronto CN

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Public Reaction has been mixed and negative