and Space Maneuver Vehicle Military Spaceplane System

MS1-AMS1-AMilitary Spaceplane SystemMilitary Spaceplane Systemand Space Maneuver Vehicleand Space Maneuver Vehicle

Lt Col Ken VerderameLt Col Ken VerderameAir Force Research LaboratoryAir Force Research Laboratory

27 October 1999 27 October 1999

ReentryWorkshop_27Oct99_MS1-AMSP-SMV_KV p 2

MS-1A Military SpaceplaneSystem Architecture

Space Operations Vehicle (SOV)

Space Maneuver Vehicle (SMV)Modular Insertion Stage (MIS)


TSTO Military Spaceplane

Characteristics• Payload to Low Earth Orbit• All Inclinations• 1st Stage up to 12,000 lbs to

orbit• 2nd Stage 600-1200 lbs to orbit


Low Cost / Low Risk DemonstratorIs Affordable AlternativeTo Large Orbital System

Boeing & Lockheed Martin Concepts

90’

60’F-15

Two Stage To OrbitOps DemonstratorOptions (5-10 yrs)

120’

Orbital MSPOptions (10-20 yrs)

COST

30’

Propellant: LOX/RP LOX/LH2 LOX/LH2 LOX/LH2

Commercial RLV(Unfunded)

Reference

STSOrbiter


Pop-Up Flight Profile ReducesMilitary Spaceplane Size & Cost

Orbit-Capable MSP Greatly Enhances Capability Orbit-Capable MSP Greatly Enhances Capability Sub-Orbital MSP CapabilitySub-Orbital MSP Capability

Downrange2500NM

1 SMV to LEO

1 MIS to LEO

3 SMV to all orbits

25Klb Sat to LEO

~Mach 22 Separation

Altitude:~300K ftQ<1 PSF

Downrange1200NM

Launch Landing Launch Landing

~Mach 17SeparationAltitude:~250K ftQ<1 PSF


SPACE RECCE

Military Spaceplane Mission Profile

SERVICE VEHICLE& PAYLOADREENTRY

SMV DEORBIT BURNCONDUCT OPERATIONS

PREPARE MISSION

APPROACH & LANDINGON RUNWAY

OBJECT IDENTIFICATION

SMV ON MSP READY TOLAUNCH

SMV ON MSP READY FORDEPLOYMENT

SMV DEPLOYMENT / MSPLANDING

MSP / SMV REMATED FORNEXT MISSION


Space Maneuver Vehicle

CharacteristicsLength 20-25ftLoaded Weight 10-12,000lbsDry Weight 25-3000lbsPayload 1200lbsPayload Bay 4ft x 7ft∆∆∆∆V Ideal 10,500-12,000fps

Missions• Space Support• Force Enhancement• Space Surveillance

Employment• Pop-Up• LEO Co-orbit Capability• Fly-By of Higher Altitude

Satellites• Constellation Building• Gap Filler• Once Around (SR-71)

Features• On Demand Launch• Recallable/Recoverable• Short Notice Tasking• Landing Gear for Runway

Recovery• Up to 12 Months on Orbit• Multiple Payloads

Boeing Concept

Lockheed-Martin Concept

Orbital Sciences Concept


SMV and NASA Future-X

• NASA Research Announcement 8-22– ~$100M for Pathfinder and experiments– $20M congressional add for AF related activities

• AF Participated in Source Selection• Boeing Advanced Technology Vehicle (ATV) Chosen as X-37

– Very similar to AF Space Maneuver Vehicle (SMV)– Cooperative program between NASA and Boeing

• At 21 Dec 98 Flag Officer VTC, MGen Paul Promised AFRLwould Provide $16.1M S&T Funds to Make X-37 More Like SMV

– Solar array and power system for longer on-orbit time– Sensors and algorithms for rendezvous / proximity ops– Improved attitude / pointing system– Improved reentry maneuvering potential

Dry Weight 5300 lbs 3100 lbsPayload 500 lbs 1200 lbsVelocity Change 6,000 ft/sec 10,500 ft/secOn-Orbit Duration <12 hr * 4-15 moDesign modular integratedEngine low performance high performance

* Will Improve With AF Investment

X-37 SMV

98/99 Congressional Add Spend Plan

$5.0M Future-X X-37$2.5M Propulsion for SMV/Upper Stage$2.5M Flight Test of X-40A SMV

AFRL S&T Investment in Future-X/X-37

99 00 01 02$5.0M $5.0M $5.1M $1M


Space Maneuver VehicleFamily Tree

X-40A• Dropped from Helicopter at Holloman AFB, NM 11 Aug 98• Based on Original 7000 lb Gross Weight Boeing ReflyTM Design• Will be Used During NASA/Boeing X-37 Program

– Dropped from B-52X-37

• NASA/Boeing Future-X Cooperative Program• Similar Outer Mold Line to 12000 lb SMV

– Modular for major component exchange– Over 35 experiments designed in

• AF Participating to Obtain Data for SMVX-40B

• AF “Second Tail Number”• Prototype SMV• More Capable than X-37

SMV• Operational Reusable Satellite and Upper Stage• Highly Operable 12000 lb Vehicle• Designed for Launch from ELV or SOV• Final Design not Determined

Boeing Concept

Orbital Sciences Concept

Lockheed-Martin Concept


X-37 and X-40B Tentative Schedule

• CY 01 X-37 Roll-Out

• CY 02/3 X-37 Orbital Test Flight

• CY 02/3 X-40B Roll-Out

• CY 03/4 X-40B Orbital Test Flights


X-37 Program Status

• Boeing Selection Announcement 8 Dec 98• Cooperative Agreement Negotiations Took Six Months

– Ownership /progress payments / indemnification– AF $16.1M– Test team / RTO / test sites

• Cooperative Agreement Finally Signed 14 Jul 99– Total value (Boeing + NASA + AF) $172.9M

• Kick-Off Meeting at Seal Beach, CA 4-5 Aug 99– Considerable technical work already accomplished– Schedule very compressed due to negotiation time lost– Target date for X-37 Shuttle mission late CY02

• Issues– No firm Shuttle mission yet– X-37 overweight (5800 lbs at landing incl 500 lb payload)– Weight gain has performance less than 6000 fps ∆∆∆∆V– ELV launch as fallback to Shuttle– No program funds allocated for actual ELV launch– Boeing told no Peacekeepers available (X-37 too heavy for Peacekeeper anyway)– Boeing will concentrate on Athena II and Delta II as ELV options


NASA X-37NASA X-37 Air Force SMVAir Force SMV

Current X-37 Plans Call For:Current X-37 Plans Call For:• Off the Shelf AR-2/3 H2O2/JP Engine• A Vehicle Which Addresses Both

Earth-to-Orbit (ETO) and On-OrbitTechnology Maturation

• 16 Modularity Features Incorporated forRapid Technology/Experiment Insertion

• 35 EmbeddedTechnologies/Experiments for OrbitalFlight #1:�Propulsion (2)�Structure & TPS (9)�Avionics (6)�Operations (12)�Planned Experiments (6)

• 45 Technologies/Experiments Identifiedfor Follow-on Insertion and Testing

Operational SMV Requires:Operational SMV Requires:• High Performance H2O2/JP Engine• High Responsiveness• High Maneuvering Capability• Extended On-orbit Duration• Survivable CONOPS• Hardened Vehicle• High Precision GN&C• Rapid Automatic Rendezvous and

Extended Proximity Ops Capability• Greatly Expanded Payload

Accommodations• High Crossrange• SOV Compatibility

The NASA X-37 is not Designed toSatisfy Air Force Operational

Requirements


Space Support - Current Tasks (IOC 2008)

Space Lift

Satellite Reposition


Space Support - Future Tasks (Beyond 2008)

On-Orbit Refuel

On-Orbit ServicingSatellite Recovery


X-40A First Flight

• X-40A SMV Flew at Holloman AFB, NM on 11 August 1998

• All Test Objectives Met• X-40A Future Part of X-37 Flight Test


Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL)Test 10-13 May 1999

• Full Scale SMV in NBL Tank Shuttle Bay• Simulated AF and NASA Missions Using Astronauts in Space Suites• Missions Included Payload Change Out and Refueling• Characterized by NASA as Extremely Well Planned and Executed Test• All Test Objectives Were Met• SMV Model Will be Used in Future NBL Tests

and Space Maneuver Vehicle Military Spaceplane System

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