Physics for cultural heritage:Physics for cultural heritage:

Maurizio Mattarelli

Physics for cultural heritage:Physics for cultural heritage:

ancient technologies at ancient technologies at RiparoRiparo DalmeriDalmeri

Maurizio Mattarelli

Department of Physics, University of Trento

Science and Technology of Matter and PhotonsFriday, 1 April 2011

Physics and cultural heritagePhysics and cultural heritage

• Analytical techniques

• Methods

• Analytical techniques

(MATIS PAT-Project: Spectroscopic imaging )

•(New) Instruments

Analysis of paintings: Analysis of paintings:

the grounds in Hayez worksthe grounds in Hayez works

Francesco Hayez (1791-1882)

Oil on canvas

Grounds: interface Grounds: interface

between paint and

canvas

In collaboration with Accademia di Brera

The groundsThe grounds

BARYTE

2 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 50 0 6 0 0 7 0 0 8 0 0 9 0 0 10 0 0 1 1 00

H e m a tite

Inte

nsi

ty (

Arb

. U

nit

s)

R am an sh ift (cm-1

)

C a lc ite

L e a d w h ite

850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150

Inte

nsi

ty (

Arb

. un

its)

Raman shift (cm-1)

LEAD WHITE

CALCITE

Different preparation layers

which affect the conservation

Ferriani et al. Effetto luce, 2010

Deterioration of contemporary Deterioration of contemporary

paintings: Vedova and De Pisispaintings: Vedova and De Pisis

Emilio Vedova (1919-2006) Filippo De Pisis (1896-1956)

Mixed mediaMixed media

“Permanency is no “Permanency is no

more a requirement for more a requirement for

an artwork”an artwork”

In collaboration with MART Museo Rimoldi – C d’Ampezzo

Practical resultsPractical results

• Multiple binders and non artistic materials

• Evidence of “fake” varnish

4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

Red Black

Up surface Bottom surface

Abs

(A

rb. u

nits

)

Wavenumber (cm-1)

White sample

NH 3300 cm-1

OH 3400 cm-1

4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500

calcitegypsum baryte

Black White

Abs

(A

rb. u

nits

)

Wavenumber (cm-1)

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

Ram

an in

tens

ity (

Arb

. uni

ts)

Ram an shift cm -1

Dust particles

at the

interface of

paint layer

and varnish

Mattarelli et al. AIAr 2010, Bosetti et al. AIAr 2011

Riparo DalmeriRiparo Dalmeri

Dated 13.000 BP

Natural hematite Natural hematite or or

heatedheated goethitegoethite??In collaboration with MTSN

2FeO(OH)2FeO(OH) FeFe22OO33 + H+ H22OO

Material science approachMaterial science approach

Study of the transition (XRD, SEM, TEM, Study of the transition (XRD, SEM, TEM,

Raman, FTIR ) with two aims:

1) Determining fingerprint of the transition

2) Finding a non-invasive technique

T

The transitionThe transition

40

60

80

100

120

(104) Size (110) Size

Siz

e (n

m)

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

20

Temperature (°C)

1) Haematite crystals keep the shape of goethite

ones until sintering at about 1000 °C

2) Pores in the structure

Raman analysisRaman analysis

GS 0Following the transformation observing

the change in the vibrational properties

100 300 500 700

Reference

GS 600

GS 1000

GS 800

GS 400

GS 300

Inte

nsity

/a.u

.

Wavenumber shift /cm-1

10

12300

400

600

800

1000

4001000

FW

HM

(226

) /c

m-1

SA

the change in the vibrational properties

Wavenumber shift /cm

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

4

6

8

800 400

600800

1000

BDH

FW

HM

(226

) /c

m

Ratio I(660)/I(610)

GS

Finding useful parameters to

evidence the effect of heat

treatment

Gialanella et al. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. (2010) 102, p 867

44Lf

51Mh

42Mb

Inte

nsi

ty (

Arb

. un

its)

43Mb

Archaeological lumpsArchaeological lumps

43Gc43Gc

TEM SEMRAMAN

200 300 400 500 600 700

GS

SA

42Mf

43Gc

Raman shift (cm-1)

Inte

nsi

ty (

Arb

. un

its)

GN

42Mb

7

8

43Gc

-1)

43Mb

0.5 1.0 1.54

5

6

43Mb

42Mb

42Mf

44Lf51Mh

Nodule 1000°C

FW

HM

226 (

cm-1

Ratio I660

/I610

43Gc , 42Mb : highly defective structure Low T thermal treatment

Gialanella et al. Archaeometry (in press)

AncientAncient jewelsjewels

Glass bead

XRD

250 500 750 1'000 1'250 1'500

Ram

an In

tens

ity (

Arb

. Uni

ts)

Peak 1Cubic Diamond

Cubic Diamond

Wavenumber shift (cm-1)

Bead

Raman

1'310 1'320 1'330 1'340 1'350

Ram

an In

tens

ity (

Arb

. Uni

ts)

Wavenumber shift (cm-1)

Peak 2

Diamond (cubicand hexagonal polymorph)

Meteoritic impact

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

HayezHayez

S. Gialanella (DIMTI)

M. Montagna (DIF)

C. Perazzolli (DIF)

De PisisDe Pisis

S. Gialanella (DIMTI)

S. Volpin (Sopr. ai Beni Storico-artistici di Trento)

A.Bosetti (Museo Rimoldi –Cortina d’Ampezzo)

S. Gialanella (DIMTI)

F. Girardi (DIMTI)

G. Ischia (DIMTI)

I.Lonardelli (DIMTI)

Haematite Haematite -- goethitegoethite

C. Perazzolli (DIF)

F. Valli (Acc. Brera)

B. Ferriani (Restauratrice)

VedovaVedovaF. Deflorian (DIMTI)

L. Benedetti (DIMTI)

N. Boschiero (MART)

B. Tomassoni (Restauratrice)

A.Bosetti (Museo Rimoldi –Cortina d’Ampezzo)

A. de Bigontina (Museo Rimoldi – Cortina d’Ampezzo)

M. Mattia (Restauratrice)

G. Nicoletti (F. Lettere e Filosofia)

I.Lonardelli (DIMTI)

M. Montagna (DIF)

L. Toniutti (DIF)

R. Belli (Univ. Newcastle Callaghan, Australia)

G. Dalmeri (Museo Tridentino di Scienze Naturali)

Glass (Diamond) BeadGlass (Diamond) Bead

S. Gialanella (DIMTI)

L. Lutterotti (DIMTI)

S. Frisia (Univ. Newcastle Callaghan, Australia)

R. Belli (Univ. Newcastle Callaghan, Australia)

G. Dalmeri (Museo Tridentino di Scienze Naturali)