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Transcript of Ancient Rome World Studies. What is the Relative Location of the city of Rome? Central Italy On...
Ancient Rome
World Studies
What is the Relative Location of the city of Rome?
• Central Italy• On peninsula in
middle of Mediterranean Sea
• Upon the Tiber River- good transportation, protection
Origins of Rome• Founded 753 BC
by Romulus and Remus on Palatine Hill
• Romulus kills Remus and names the city after himself
• Etruscans to the N. and Greeks S.
Government
• 509 B.C. –Last King
• Republic – a government of elected representatives
• Patricians – landowners
• Plebeians – merchants, farmers, traders.
Government
• Two consuls, elected for 1 year
• Senate- 300 members chosen from Patricians (aristocracy), served for life
• Centuriate/Tribal assemblies- plebians, members for life
• Tribunes- elected by plebeians, protects their rights from patricians
• Dictator- could be appointed in emergencies, absolute power for 6 months
Military
• Legion- unit of 5,000• 265 B.C. controlled
Italy• Empire expanded.• How?
• Strong, disciplined army
• Treated enemy well.• Collected taxes.• Respected some local
customs.
Battle Formations
Battle Formations
Battle Formations
• Tortoise
Punic Wars• Wars with the
Phoenician colony of Carthage
• 1st, 264-241 BC for control of Sicily, W. Mediterranean
• 2nd, 218 BC
Punic Wars• Hannibal led
troops across Europe and over the Alps to Italy
• Roman general Scipio (Africanus) attacked Carthage, forced Hannibal to return
• Defeated 202 BC.
Punic Wars
• Third War 149-146 BC, Romans lay siege to Carthage, 50,000 people sold into slavery
Republic to Empire
• 1st triumvirate- Julius Caesar- w/ Crassus and Pompey, 60 BC
• Caesar conquered all of Gaul w/ troops from landless poor- loyal to Caesar, not Rome
• Turned his army on Rome, Pompey fled, 1st dictator for life, 44 BC
Roman Empire
• Caesar murdered in Senate 3/15, 44 BC “Ides of March”
• 2nd triumvirate- Octavian, Mark Antony, Lepidus
• Octavian forced Lepidus to retire
Roman Empire
• Antony fell in love w/ Cleopatra, Ocatvian defeated them both- suicide
• 31 BC- Caesar Augustus
Pax Romana
• Means “Roman Peace”
• 27 BC to 180 AD
Fall of Rome
• Inflation, food shortages, end of expansion weakens empire
• Diocletian- divided the empire into Greek speaking east and Latin west
• Constantine reunited the empire, ended persecution of Christians, moved capital to Byzantium (Constantinople)
Fall of Rome
• Germanic invasions weakened the Empire• Attila the Hun rampaged through Roman
lands• 476- West fell to Vandals• Eastern half lasts until 1453, defeated by
Ottoman Turks• Greco-Roman culture- mix of Greek,
Roman, Hellenistic influence
Famous Roman stuff• Virgil- wrote the Aeneid, modeled after
Homer’s work
• Aqueducts- built using arches, they brought fresh water to large cities
• Space between chariot wheels- train tracks
• Latin becomes basis for Spanish, French, Romanian, Portuguese, Italian
• Colusseum- stadium where gladiators fought