Ancient Kingdoms

• Ghana– 700 AD– Gold for salt– Capital Kumbi

• Mali– Center was Timbuktu– Mansa Musa

• Songhai

European Colonization

• 1200s– Trade: word spread about wealth of African

kingdoms to Europe• Slave Trade

– System already in place before 800s• Kingdoms trade slaves• Arab traders bought and sold slaves• 1500-1800s: European Slave trade

• Where did most slaves go?

• Effect of slave trade– 1.– 2.

Scramble for Africa1885-1914

Video clip

Colonization• Continent = ATM machine

– Source for raw materials– Market for manufactured

goods • Problems

– Boundaries– Religion

• Disrupt traditional way of life

– Change local economies• Plantation economies

• Independence:– Post World War

II– Ethiopia – Liberia

• Always Ind.

Independence

• Most gain independence post 1945• Challenges:

– New identities– Old eco system: meet Europe’s needs, not country– No model for democracy

• Rival ethnic groups struggle for power

• What other legacy?– Language– Infrastructure