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Transcript of Ancient Greek Pronounciation - · PDF fileAncient Greek Pronounciation On the very first...
Ancient Greek Pronounciation
On the very first contact with Ancient Greek, every student should
probably feel the need to follow a rigorous system of pronounciation.
With the first attempts of practicing conjugations, when trying to
remember, writing from memory without consulting the textbook, such
sequence as anthropos - anthropou - anthropo etc., he will probably ask
himself, "How to write anthropon? Should I use omega or omicron? There
must be both of them, but which one is first? Hmmm... if I knew how to
pronounce the two letters so that they be distinct from each other
phonetically, I would remember more easily how to employ them
correctly...
Various pronounciation systems are available
The German scholar J. Reuchlin (1445-1522) advocated the use of the
pronounciation system of the Greek language of his time. The
characteristics of this pronounciation system are mainly as follows.
, , , , , , are all pronounced alike: i
, are pronounced:
av, ev,
or
af, ef,
is pronounced: v
The rough spirit is completely neglected.
This system could only prove itself legitimate for periods much later
than the classical period. It contains inexplicable discrepancies between
writing and pronounciation.
Erasmus of Rotterdam (1466-1536) brought forward arguments against
such a pronounciation system, advocating a pronounciation system ad
litteram, assigning each alphabet sign a distinct sound. Erasmus was
against the modern Greek pronounciation system as applied to ancient
Greek, based on the following principles:
- it is illogical to have several signs for the same sound without
reasonable etimological motivation;
- texts engraved in stone by common people in ancient times rarely show
mistakes that could be attributed to confusions related to
pronounciation.
- there are grammar forms that are different from each other by signs
which would be pronounced, according to the reuchlinian system,
exactly the same way; the vocalic alternance with morphological role
would have no sense if, for instance, // would be pronounced
identically, i.e., 'i'. Example: = I was leaving; = I left.
- the way some Greek words were transliterated into Latin is also
supporting an ad litteram pronounciation system. (Ex: phoenix < =
red; aether < = air).
- Greek grammarians showed that compared with is as compared
to , i.e., = + ; = + .
Other systems have been proposed in the meantime; see for example
http://www.biblicalgreek.org/links/pronunciation.php and
http://www.letsreadgreek.com/Resources/greekntaudio.htm
What do I choose?
The pronounciation system that I propose here is based on the following
simple principles:
1. The phonetic system of modern Greek is employed to the extent that
this does not cause important difficulties or confusions.
2. The main 'witness' to appeal when judging the extent of applying the
modern Greek phonetics is the accentuation system of ancient Greek.
The way letters and combinations of letters are to be pronounced is described
below. In order to understand why some features of modern Greek phonetics
are maintained and some other are not, a parallel is made between the two
generations of this language ancient vs. modern.
(ancient Greek); (modern Greek)
http://www.biblicalgreek.org/links/pronunciation.phphttp://www.letsreadgreek.com/Resources/greekntaudio.htmalfa-gv.mp3alfa-gn.mp3
Examples: , , (ancient Greek); ,
(modern Greek)
Diphtongs: , , ( not found in modern Greek).
Examples: , , , , , ,
, , (ancient Greek); ,
, , , , , ,
(modern Greek)
(ancient Greek); (modern Greek)
Examples: , (ancient Greek); , (modern
Greek)
(ancient Greek); (modern Greek)
Examples: , (ancient Greek); ,
(modern Greek)
Combinaii: , , ,
Examples: , , , (ancient Greek);
, (modern Greek: only two of the four
combinations are found and they are pronounced alike)
(ancient Greek & modern Greek)
Examples: , (ancient Greek); ,
(modern Greek)
(ancient Greek); (modern Greek)
anatomh-gv.mp3atomos-gv.mp3amartia-gv.mp3anatomia-gn.mp3atomo-gn.mp3fainw-gv.mp3airetikos-gv.mp3augh-gv.mp3aurion-gv.mp3pauw-gv.mp3autos-gv.mp3nauphgeion-gv.mp3austhros-gv.mp3radios-gv.mp3fainomeno-gn.mp3airetikos-gn.mp3augh-gn.mp3aurio-gn.mp3pauw-gn.mp3autos-gn.mp3nauphgeio-gn.mp3austhros-gn.mp3bhta-gv.mp3bhta-gn.mp3biologos-gv.mp3bazw-gv.mp3biologia-gn.mp3bazo-gn.mp3gamma-gv.mp3gama-gn.mp3grammatizw-gv.mp3geouxos-gv.mp3grammatikh-gn.mp3geologia-gn.mp3aggelos-gv.mp3agkistron-gv.mp3tugxanw-gv.mp3faragc-gv.mp3agglika-gn.mp3idiosugkrasia-gn.mp3delta-gvn.mp3delfis-gv.mp3drakwn-gv.mp3delfini-gn.mp3drakos-gn.mp3eyilon-gv.mp3eyilon-gn.mp3
Examples: , , (ancient Greek); ,
(modern Greek)
Diphtongs: ,
Examples: , , , , ,
, , , , (ancient
Greek); , , , , , ,
, , , (modern Greek)
(ancient Greek); (modern Greek)
Examples: , (ancient Greek); ,
(modern Greek)
(ancient Greek); (modern Greek)
Examples: , , (ancient Greek); ,
(modern Greek)
Diphtongs: , (in ancient Greek only)
Examples: , ,
(ancient Greek); (modern Greek)
Examples: , (ancient Greek); ,
(modern Greek)
(ancient Greek); (modern Greek)
Examples: , , (ancient Greek); ,
(modern Greek)
embreos-gv.mp3egw-gv.mp3eteros-gv.mp3embruo-gn.mp3egwisths-gn.mp3zeugion-gv.mp3neuron-gv.mp3euros-gv.mp3neurolalos-gv.mp3pneumonia-gv.mp3eutuxhs-gv.mp3euqeia-gv.mp3eukolos-gv.mp3euqanasia-gv.mp3qerapeutikos-gv.mp3zeugos-gn.mp3neuro-gn.mp3euros-gn.mp3neurologia-gn.mp3pneumonia-gn.mp3eutixws-gn.mp3euqeia-gn.mp3eukolos-gn.mp3euqanasia-gn.mp3qerapeutikos-gn.mp3zhta-gv.mp3zhta-gn.mp3zema-gv.mp3zwgrafos-gv.mp3zebra-gn.mp3zwlogia-gn.mp3hta-gv.mp3hta-gn.mp3hremos-gv.mp3erhmos-gv.mp3hdonh-gv.mp3hxw-gn.mp3hrwas-gn.mp3huergethsa-gv.mp3hulabhqhn-gv.mp3huchmenws-gv.mp3qhta-gv.mp3qhta-gn.mp3qeatron-gv.mp3qerapeia-gv.mp3qema-gn.mp3qerapeia-gn.mp3iwta-gv.mp3giwta-gn.mp3idiologia-gv.mp3isos-gv.mp3istoria-gv.mp3idea-gn.mp3istoria-gn.mp3
(ancient Greek); (modern Greek)
Examples: , (ancient Greek); ,
(modern Greek)
(ancient Greek); (modern Greek)
Examples: , (ancient Greek); , (modern
Greek)
(ancient Greek); (modern Greek)
Examples: , (ancient Greek); ,
(modern Greek)
The combination is pronounced 'mp' in modern Greek is
pronounced 'b'.
Examples: , , (ancient Greek); ,
, , , (modern Greek)
(ancient Greek); (modern Greek)
Examples: , (ancient Greek); , (modern
Greek)
The combination is pronounced 'nt' in modern Greek is
pronounced 'nd'.
Examples: , (ancient Greek); ,
(modern Greek)
kappa-gv.mp3kapa-gn.mp3kaqodos-gv.mp3kenos-gv.mp3kaqolikos-gn.mp3kentro-gn.mp3lambda-gv.mp3lamda-gn.mp3lampas-gv.mp3lukos-gv.mp3lampa-gn.mp3liwno-gn.mp3mu-gv.mp3mi-gn.mp3marsippos-gv.mp3mageia-gv.mp3martios-gn.mp3mageia-gn.mp3ampelos-gv.mp3emporia-gv.mp3empaqeia-gv.mp3ampeli-gn.mp3emporia-gn.mp3empirikos-gn.mp3mpanana-gn.mp3mpira-gn.mp3nu-gv.mp3ni-gn.mp3naus-gv.mp3ennea-gv.mp3narkissos-gn.mp3ennia-gn.mp3antwnumia-gv.mp3fantasia-gv.mp3antwnumo-gn.mp3fantasia-gn.mp3
(ancient Greek); (modern Greek)
Examples: , (ancient Greek); ,
(modern Greek)
(ancient Greek); (modern Greek)
Examples: , , (ancient Greek); ,
(modern Greek)
Diphtongs: ,
Examples: , , ,
(ancient Greek); , , ,
(modern Greek)
(ancient Greek); (modern Greek)
Examples: , (ancient Greek); ,
(modern Greek)
(ancient Greek); (modern Greek)
Examples: , , (ancient Greek); ,
(modern Greek)
The combination is pronounced rhr not found in modern Greek.
Examples: ,
,
(ancient Greek); (modern Greek)
ci-gv.mp3ci-gn.mp3culon-gv.mp3culotomia-gv.mp3cenos-gn.mp3cenofobia-gn.mp3omicron-gv.mp3omicron-gn.mp3orqografos-gv.mp3oros-gv.mp3oplon-gv.mp3orqodocos-gn.mp3orxhstra-gn.mp3oikomaxia-gv.mp3oikonomia-gv.mp3entousiasmos-gv.mp3akoustikos-gv.mp3oikologia-gn.mp3oikonomia-gn.mp3enqousiasmos-gn.mp3akoustikos-gn.mp3pi-gv.mp3pi-gn.mp3paidia-gv.mp3paidagwgia-gv.mp3pediatros-gn.mp3paidagwgos-gn.mp3rw-gv.mp3ro-gn.mp3aristos-gv.mp3rhtwr-gv.mp3radios-gv.mp3rhtoras-gn.mp3radio-gn.mp3parrhsia-gv.mp3arraghs-gv.mp3sigma-gvn.mp3sigma-gvn.mp3
Examples: , (ancient Greek); ,
(modern Greek)
(ancient Greek); (modern Greek)
Examples: , (ancient Greek); ,
(modern Greek)
(ancient Greek); (modern Greek)
Examples: , , (ancient Greek); ,
(modern Greek)
Diphtong is pronounced 'i' in modern Greek is pronounced
like .
Examples: , (ancient Greek)
(ancient Greek); (modern Greek)
Examples: , (ancient Greek & modern Greek)
(ancient Greek); (modern Greek)
Examples: , , (ancient Greek); , (modern
Greek)
(ancient Greek); (modern Greek)
Examples: , , (ancient Greek); ,
(modern Greek)
sofisths-gv.mp3swthria-gv.mp3sofia-gn.mp3septembrios-gn.mp3tau-gv.mp3tau-gn.mp3turannos-gv.mp3trauma-gv.mp3turannos-gn.mp3trauma-gn.mp3uyilon-gv.mp3uyilon-gn.mp3umnos-gv.mp3ugieia-gv.mp3astu-gv.mp3umnos-gn.mp3ugieinh-gn.mp3orguia-gv.mp3uios-gv.mp3fi-gv.mp3fi-gn.mp3filosofia-gvn