Ancient EgyptAncient Egypt

One people, one languageOne people, one language

““Gift of the Nile”Gift of the Nile”

4,100 miles – longest 4,100 miles – longest river in the worldriver in the world

Predictable floodingPredictable flooding Natural boundaries: Natural boundaries:

desert, Red Sea, desert, Red Sea, Mediterranean SeaMediterranean Sea

Reason Egypt lasted Reason Egypt lasted so long and was so so long and was so stablestable

Impacts religionImpacts religion

Egyptian ReligionEgyptian Religion Sun god or river of life: Re or Amon-ReSun god or river of life: Re or Amon-Re god of the dead- Osiris (How does his story god of the dead- Osiris (How does his story

reflect geography?)reflect geography?) Ka- spirit of life that leaves the body and Ka- spirit of life that leaves the body and

would return if body was mummified would return if body was mummified correctlycorrectly

Pharaoh was considered a god (in Pharaoh was considered a god (in Mesopotamia the king was a Mesopotamia the king was a representative)representative)

Religion had an ethical component to itReligion had an ethical component to it Ma’at = order, truth, justice, righteousnessMa’at = order, truth, justice, righteousness

GodsGods

GodsGods

MummificationMummification

Qebehsenuef, the falcon head -- intestinesDuamutef, the jackal head -- stomachHapy, the baboon head -- lungsImsety, the human head -- liver

Pyramids – tombs of the Pyramids – tombs of the PharoahsPharoahs

13 square acres13 square acres 490 feet tall490 feet tall 2.3 million blocks2.3 million blocks Blocks weighed 2 Blocks weighed 2

tonstons Took 20 to 25 years Took 20 to 25 years

top buildtop build Number of Number of

workers: 20,000 to workers: 20,000 to 25,00025,000

Inside the PyramidInside the Pyramid

Quarries Quarries

BuildingBuilding

BuildingBuilding

Egyptian TombsEgyptian Tombs

Old Kingdom Old Kingdom

Middle Kingdom – Grand Middle Kingdom – Grand CanalCanal

Middle Kingdom - Middle Kingdom - JewelryJewelry

Showed the affluence of the age

Middle Kingdom-JewelryMiddle Kingdom-Jewelry

Middle KingdomMiddle Kingdom

New KingdomNew Kingdom

HatshepsutHatshepsut

Focused on increasing trade in Egypt and with its neighbors

Thutmosis IIIThutmosis III

Expanded Egyptian Territory to its farthest boundaries

Late New Kingdom Late New Kingdom ReligionReligion

Religion moves from ethical to Religion moves from ethical to superstition and magicsuperstition and magic

Priest become more powerfulPriest become more powerful

-began selling magic charms and -began selling magic charms and prayers, the collection of these is prayers, the collection of these is known as the Book of the Deadknown as the Book of the Dead

Amenhotep IVAmenhotep IV Drives priest away and Drives priest away and

confiscated their landsconfiscated their lands Forced Egyptians to Forced Egyptians to

worship new god, Atenworship new god, Aten

-Egyptian religion -Egyptian religion becomes monotheisticbecomes monotheistic

Amenhotep IV changes Amenhotep IV changes name to Akhenaten name to Akhenaten and creates a new and creates a new capitalcapital

Nefertiti – wife of Nefertiti – wife of Amenhotep IVAmenhotep IV

Potratiat head Potratiat head reflects new art style reflects new art style called called AmarnaAmarna

Amarna style main Amarna style main component is component is naturalismnaturalism

The new capital The new capital and new religion and new religion bankrupted Egypt bankrupted Egypt and led to drastic and led to drastic changes after his changes after his deathdeath

Ramesses IIRamesses II

• the Ramesses mentioned in the Bible•Built Great Temples•Fought the Hittites at the Battle of Kadesh

Mortuary Temple of Queen Mortuary Temple of Queen HatshepsutHatshepsut

Temple of Amon, KarnakTemple of Amon, Karnak

Great Court of Ramesses Great Court of Ramesses IIII

Valley of the KingsValley of the Kings Where New Kingdom Where New Kingdom

pharaohs were buriedpharaohs were buried Location of King TutLocation of King Tut Discovered untouched Discovered untouched

in 1922 by Howard in 1922 by Howard CarterCarter

Does the curse of King Does the curse of King Tut exist?Tut exist?

"Death Comes On "Death Comes On Wings Wings

To He Who Enters The To He Who Enters The Tomb Of A Pharaoh"Tomb Of A Pharaoh"

King TutankhamenKing Tutankhamen

Weighs:460 pounds ofGold

ThroneThrone