ByByTy Gockley Ty Gockley

And And Colin TownsendColin Townsend

The First Egyptian MummiesThe First Egyptian Mummies

The first Egyptian Mummies didn’t The first Egyptian Mummies didn’t change at first, but the burial style didchange at first, but the burial style did

The First Egyptian MummiesThe First Egyptian Mummies

• Mummies are naturally or artificially preserved Mummies are naturally or artificially preserved bodiesbodies

• The Egyptians buried their dead in extremely The Egyptians buried their dead in extremely shallow graves in crouching position with food shallow graves in crouching position with food and a prized possession. and a prized possession.

• They believed the dead were somehow aliveThey believed the dead were somehow alive• When the Egyptians found out that the sand When the Egyptians found out that the sand

preserved the bodies, they began to elaborate preserved the bodies, they began to elaborate the gravesthe graves

Why the Egyptians Made MummiesWhy the Egyptians Made Mummies

• The Egyptians had many reasons for The Egyptians had many reasons for mummification.mummification.

Why the Egyptians Made MummiesWhy the Egyptians Made Mummies

• They wanted to believe the peaceful life they so They wanted to believe the peaceful life they so blissfully lived would continue after deathblissfully lived would continue after death

• They thought of kings as earthly gods, so they They thought of kings as earthly gods, so they made their burials even fanciermade their burials even fancier

• They believed in ka and ba, two parts of the They believed in ka and ba, two parts of the spirit. The ka could survive with food offerings, spirit. The ka could survive with food offerings, while the ba could leave the grave and be freewhile the ba could leave the grave and be free

• The Egyptians believed in many gods such as The Egyptians believed in many gods such as Isis, Anubis, and Osiris. Isis, Anubis, and Osiris.

How a Mummy Was MadeHow a Mummy Was Made

Making mummies was a long, drawn Making mummies was a long, drawn out process.out process.

How a Mummy Was Made How a Mummy Was Made

• Mummy makers removed internal organs and Mummy makers removed internal organs and stored them inside canopic jars fashioned after stored them inside canopic jars fashioned after the sons of Horusthe sons of Horus

• The mummy makers extracted the brain (two The mummy makers extracted the brain (two methods)methods)

• The body and organs were salted and left to dry.The body and organs were salted and left to dry.• By the 21By the 21stst dynasty, mummies were packed with dynasty, mummies were packed with

saw dustsaw dust• The body was wrapped with linen and cloth. The body was wrapped with linen and cloth.

Charms and jewelry were tucked inside the Charms and jewelry were tucked inside the wrappings.wrappings.

The Mummy’s TombThe Mummy’s Tomb

There were many different types of tombs There were many different types of tombs and the structure changed over time. and the structure changed over time.

The Mummy’s TombThe Mummy’s Tomb

• Nobles were originally buried under Nobles were originally buried under mastabas (mud-brick tombs)mastabas (mud-brick tombs)

• King Zoser made the first “step pyramid”King Zoser made the first “step pyramid”

• Sneferu had the first “bent pyramid” madeSneferu had the first “bent pyramid” made

• Great Pyramids have above-ground burial Great Pyramids have above-ground burial chamberschambers

• Pyramid entries were always facing northPyramid entries were always facing north

The Mummy’s AfterlifeThe Mummy’s Afterlife

The preparation for the afterlife was The preparation for the afterlife was an elaborate processan elaborate process

The Mummy’s AfterlifeThe Mummy’s Afterlife

• The body was to the city of the deadThe body was to the city of the dead• To pass the time in the afterlife, the dead were To pass the time in the afterlife, the dead were

provided with game boards, bows and arrows, provided with game boards, bows and arrows, throwing sticks, and other hunting gearthrowing sticks, and other hunting gear

• The dead were supplied with shabtis, servant dollsThe dead were supplied with shabtis, servant dolls• Opening of the mouth: priest touched their eyes, Opening of the mouth: priest touched their eyes,

mouth, and ears allowing the mummy to see, mouth, and ears allowing the mummy to see, hears, talk, and eat in the afterlifehears, talk, and eat in the afterlife

• The family gave food offeringsThe family gave food offerings• Weighing of the heart: if the heart is heavier than a Weighing of the heart: if the heart is heavier than a

feather, the soul was destroyed by a repulsive feather, the soul was destroyed by a repulsive beastbeast

The Mummy’s Treasure and the The Mummy’s Treasure and the Tomb RobbersTomb Robbers

many people were tomb robbers. many people were tomb robbers. They stole many treasuresThey stole many treasures

The Mummy’s Treasures and the The Mummy’s Treasures and the Tomb RobbersTomb Robbers

• Tomb robbers could be anyone who had to do with Tomb robbers could be anyone who had to do with mummies or tombsmummies or tombs

• Tomb robbing became a family businessTomb robbing became a family business• Robbers cared about a wealthy life, and most cared about Robbers cared about a wealthy life, and most cared about

a enriched afterlifea enriched afterlife• The stolen treasures were melted down so it couldn’t be The stolen treasures were melted down so it couldn’t be

recognizedrecognized• Cosmetics were imported and expensiveCosmetics were imported and expensive• Robbers many times damaged the mummy’s body in a Robbers many times damaged the mummy’s body in a

hast to finish the deedhast to finish the deed• Severe punishments were issued to those caught robbing Severe punishments were issued to those caught robbing

tombstombs

The Last Egyptian MummiesThe Last Egyptian Mummies

Mummification eventually ended and Mummification eventually ended and replaced with “instant mummies”replaced with “instant mummies”

The Last Egyptian Mummies

The Last Egyptian MummiesThe Last Egyptian Mummies

• Ground up mummies became extremely Ground up mummies became extremely popular for remediespopular for remedies

• Began grinding and importing mummies Began grinding and importing mummies

• Began to cover bodies with tar to make Began to cover bodies with tar to make “instant mummies”“instant mummies”

• People received news of the mummy People received news of the mummy “factories”“factories”

• Stopped buying mummy powderStopped buying mummy powder

There are certain resources that we used in order to makeThere are certain resources that we used in order to make

this presentation so give a round of applause to…this presentation so give a round of applause to…

Lila Perl’s Lila Perl’s

Mummies, Tombs, and TreasureMummies, Tombs, and TreasureSecrets of Ancient EgyptSecrets of Ancient Egypt

BibliographyBibliography