Ancient Crossroads:Ancient Crossroads:Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia

Chapter 13 Section 3

Henri MouhotHenri MouhotFrench explorerFinds ancient city of

Angkor while walking through rain forest in 1861

Angkor was a crossroads city for travelers from China & India

AngkorAngkor

Early History- SouthEast AsiaEarly History- SouthEast AsiaMaking bronze tools,

growing yams and rice, and sailing developed in Southeast Asia

Yams grown in Indonesia considered one of the earliest examples of agriculture ever discovered (between 15,000-10,000 B.C.E.)

Trade important:◦ S.E. Asia center of sea

trading routes◦ Indian traders visit S.E. Asia

around 100 C.E. Goods exchanged:

◦ Rice, tea, timber, and spices◦ Religious ideas and

farming/metalworking skills exchanged

Indian InfluenceIndian Influence•Around 100 C.E., traders, Hindu priests, and Buddhist monks bring Indian culture to Southeast Asia

•They brought art, architecture, & religion

Buddhism in Buddhism in Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia

Began in Southeast Asia around 500 B.C.E.

What are the major religions in India today?

Buddhism founded by Siddhartha Gautama◦ Wealthy prince◦ Becomes wandering monk

after seeing different signs that meant he should give up his life of luxury

What are the different signs he saw?

Monk life wasn’t working, sits under a tree, meditates, and achieves enlightenment

News of his experience spread; people began to call him the Buddha, or the Enlightened One

Basic Buddhist Basic Buddhist teachingsteachings

Buddha influenced by Hindu teachings, such as karma and reincarnation

Life is continuing cycle of life & death

Buddha rejected Hindu caste system, priests, & the Vedas (ancient texts)

Four Noble Truths◦ Suffering, Cause,

Extinction, & truth of the path

Once a person is free from desires & pain, one can achieve nirvana◦ What is nirvana?

To escape suffering, follow guidelines called Eightfold Path

Spread of Spread of BuddhismBuddhism

Buddha’s followers spread this new faith to southern India, Southeast Asia, Central Asia, China, Korea, & Japan

Schools & communities were created for monks & nuns to live together & work

Empires in Southeast Asia were based on major religions, such as Empires in Southeast Asia were based on major religions, such as Buddhism, Hinduism, & Islam. If the religion became unpopular, Buddhism, Hinduism, & Islam. If the religion became unpopular, the empire would decline.the empire would decline.

Khmer Empire

CambodiaHinduHad great temple,

Angkor WatDeclined when

Buddhism grew & Hinduism was less popular

IndonesiaIndonesia

Huge Buddhist temple called Borobudur was built in 6th century

Temple was built with 2 million cubic feet of stone

Shaped like a pyramidAt the top, temple is 103 feet high

BorobudurBorobudur

MyanmarMyanmarBuddhism spreads to Myanmar11th century: King Anawrahta establishes a Buddhist

kingdom at the capital of PaganThousands of temples were built in the kingdom

◦ Most famous: Ananda TempleAnawrahta was a very religious man

◦ He sends a ship full of treasures to the temple commemorating where the Buddha is believed to have achieved enlightenment

Ananda TempleAnanda Temple