Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere
-
Upload
peter-perkins -
Category
Documents
-
view
29 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere
![Page 1: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ancient Civilizations of the Western HemisphereMaya, Aztec, & Inca
![Page 2: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Maya - Locationsouthern Mexico into northern Central American called the Yucatan Peninsula
![Page 3: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Maya - Climate
dense, steamy rain forests
![Page 4: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Maya – Time Period
250-900 a.d.
![Page 5: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Maya – Governmentindependent city-states ruled by kings – seen as god-king, established dynasties
![Page 6: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Maya – Key City
Chichen Itza
![Page 7: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Maya – Economy
1. Agriculture – maize, beans, squash
2. Trade – salt, flint, feathers, shells, honey, jade ornaments, textiles
![Page 8: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Maya – Religion1. Polytheistic – many gods2. Pyramids – dedicated to gods and famous rulers
3. Worship included material offerings, bloodletting, human sacrifice
4. Calendar – 260 days, 20 months, 13 days each month
- 365 day solar calendar, different gods ruled different days
5. Mathematics and astronomy – concept of zero, calendar planning
![Page 10: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Maya – Writing
800 glyphs (symbols), on bark-paper called codex
![Page 13: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Maya – Decline
war and conflict between city states, overuse of land
![Page 14: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Aztec - Location
Central Mexico – Valley of Mexico, Modern day Mexico City
![Page 15: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Aztec - Climate
Hot, large shallow lakes, good resources, fertile soil
![Page 16: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Aztec – Time Period
1200 – 1521 A.D.
![Page 17: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Aztec – GovernmentTriple Alliance with Texcoco and Tlacopan, 38 provinces, Emperor with absolute power
- loose control over empire with exception of tribute payments
![Page 18: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Aztec – Key City
Tenochtitlan = capital
![Page 19: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Aztec – Economy
1. Agriculture – maize, cacao beans, cotton
2. Trading Network – with Tenochtitlan as ultimate marketplace
![Page 20: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Aztec – Religion
1. Polytheistic2. Built temples and pyramids
3. 2 calendars 4. Human sacrifices to sun god
![Page 22: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Aztec – Writing
No real mention – writing system of pictures derived from earlier MesoAmerican cultures
![Page 24: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Aztec – Decline
Montezuma II reign – rebelling tribes
Spanish – Cortez conquered Aztecs in 1521
![Page 25: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Aztec Primary Source
1) How does the Author feel about the Aztecs?
2) Do you think the account would have varied from Cortez perspective?
3) What do think in our society would be odd/disturbing to an outsider?
![Page 26: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Inca – Location
Andes Mountains of South America – Southern Peru
![Page 27: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Inca – Climate
Mountainous
![Page 28: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Inca – Time Period
1400- 1532 A.D.
![Page 29: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Inca – Government
Believed that ruler was a descendent from the Sun god
Nobility – ruling families Bureaucracy – used small groups to work for the common good
Built extensive road system
![Page 30: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Inca – Key City
Cuzco = capitalMachu Picchu – mysterious religious center or royal resort
![Page 32: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Inca – Economy
1. Run by the state – regulated production of goods
2. Agriculture on terraced hillsides – maize and quinoa (grain)
![Page 34: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Inca – Religion
1. Polytheistic – natural spirits of moons, stars, sun, thunder, etc.
2. 2 Calendars3. Sacrifices
![Page 36: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Inca – Writing
None, but had string/knot math/accounting system
![Page 37: Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/568130af550346895d96bf66/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Inca – Decline
Civil War between two sons of a king and Pizarro