By;AMEER AZEEZ

Superior and inferior

mesenteric artery

03/07/2015

AKAKI TSERETELI STATE AKAKI TSERETELI STATE UNIVERSITY.UNIVERSITY.

Superior mesenteric artery

• the artery of midgut it originates from the aorta about 1 cm below the celiac trunk at the level of the intervertebral disc between the first and second lumbar vertebrae behind body of pancreas

It supplies all the organs of midgut, namely

• duodenum, • jejunum, ileum• appendix & Caecum• ascending colon• right two-third of transverse colon• lower half of head of pancreas

BRANCHES OF SUPERIOR BRANCHES OF SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERYMESENTERIC ARTERY

• Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery: Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery:

• IntestinalIntestinal

• Ileocolic artery:Ileocolic artery:

• Right colic arteryRight colic artery

• Middle colic arteryMiddle colic artery

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery: artery:

• The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is the first branch of the superior mesenteric artery.

• Runs in the groove between head of pancreas & between head of pancreas & duodenumduodenum

• Supplies head of pancreas & duodenumhead of pancreas & duodenum• Ends by anastomosing withanastomosing with superior

pancreaticoduodenal artery branch of common hepatic art.hepatic art. from celiac trunk celiac trunk

IntestinalIntestinal

• They are 12 to 15 in number• arise from the convex side of the superior

mesenteric artery• Each artery divides into 2 branches which

anastomose with adjacent branches forming arcadesarcades. Branches of arcades unite to form 2nd, 3rd & 4th series of arcades. Terminal arcades gives straight end arteries supplying jejunum & straight end arteries supplying jejunum & ileum ( vasa recta)ileum ( vasa recta)

Ileocolic artery:Ileocolic artery:

• arising from the right side of the superior mesenteric artery is the ileocolic artery.

• This passes downward and to the right towards the right iliac fossa where it divides into superior and inferior branches:

the superior branchthe superior branch passes upward along the ascending colon to anastomose with the right colic artery;

the inferior branch the inferior branch continues towards the ileocolic junction dividing into colic, cecal, appendicular, and ileal branches.

The specific pattern of distribution and origin of these branches is variable:

the the ileal branch ileal branch passes to the left and ascends to supply the final part of the ileum before anastomosing with the superior mesenteric artery

anterior and posterior cecal branchescecal branches, either arising as a common trunk or as separate branches, supply corresponding sides of the cecum;

the appendicularappendicular branch branch enters the free margin of and supplies the mesoappendix and the appendix;

the colic branch colic branch crosses to the ascending colon and passes upward to supply the first part of the ascending colon

Right colic arteryRight colic artery

Arise from the right side of arteryfrom the right side of artery Divides into:1.1. Ascending branch:Ascending branch: anastomoses with

right branch of middle colic artery2.2. Descending branch:Descending branch: anastomoses with

superior branch of ileocolic artery Supplies ascending colon & right colic ascending colon & right colic

flexureflexure

Middle colic arteryMiddle colic artery

• Arise from the right side of arteryfrom the right side of artery

• Divides into:

1.1. Right branch:Right branch: anastomoses with ascending branch of right colic artery

2.2. Left branch:Left branch: anastomoses with ascending branch of left colic artery

• Supplies right 2/3 of transverse colonright 2/3 of transverse colon

inferior mesenteric artery

• The inferior mesenteric artery is the artery of hindgut it arises from the anterior or left anterolateral aspect of the aorta at about the level of third lumbar vertebra 3 or 4 cm above the aortic bifurcation .

• and it supplies left one-third of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and part of anal canal above the anal valves

branches

• Left colic artery

• Sigmoid arteries

• Superior rectal artery

Left colic artery

• Divides into:

1.1. Ascending branch:Ascending branch: anastomoses with left branch of middle colic artery

2.2. Descending branch:Descending branch: anastomoses with sigmoid arteries

• Supplies: left 1/3 of transverse colon, left left 1/3 of transverse colon, left colic flexure & descending coloncolic flexure & descending colon

Sigmoid arteries

• They are 2 or 3 branches

• They anastomose withanastomose with:

1. Descending branch of left colic artery

2. Superior rectal artery

• They supply: sigmoid colonsigmoid colon

Superior rectal artery

• The terminal branch of the inferior mesenteric artery is the superior rectal artery.

• This vessel descends into the pelvic cavity in the sigmoid mesocolon, crossing the left common iliac vessels.

• Opposite vertebra SIII, the superior rectal artery divides. The two terminal branches descend on each side of the rectum, dividing into smaller branches in the wall of the rectum.

33BITEW M./bitewm@gmail.com

• These smaller branches continue inferiorly to the level of the internal anal sphincter, anastomosing along the way with branches from the middle rectal arteries (from the internal iliac artery) and the inferior rectal arteries (from the internal pudendal artery).