Fontal bone• Superciliary arches• Supraorbital margin• Glabella

Zygomatic process• Temporal process

Maxilla• Hard palate• Infraorbital foramina

Temporal bone• Zygomatic process• Superior and inferior

temporal line• External acoustic meatus• Mastoid process• Squamous suture

Zygomatic process• Temporal process

Occipital bone• Occipital condyles• External occipital protuberance• Superior nuchal line

Pterion• Anterior division of middle

meningeal artery

SCALP• Skin• Connective tissue• Aponeurosis (occipitfrontalis)• Loose areolar connective tissue• Pericranium (periosteum)

• DURA MATER – deep to anterior division of middle meningeal artery

• Falx cerebri• Tentorium cerebelli• Falx cerebelli• Diaphragma sellae

Stops rotatory displacement of the

brain

Forebrain• Cerebral hemispheres• Thalamus and hypothymusMidbrainHindbrain• Pons • Medulla oblongata• cerebellum

Spinal cord• Medulla oblongata• Conus medullaris• Cauda equina• Spinal nerves• Dura mater

Brainstem• Midbrain• Pons• Medulla oblongata

Confluence of sinuses

Straight sinus

Superior sagittal sinus

Inferior sagittal sinus

Dural Venous Sinuses - periosteal and meningeal

Sigmoid sinus

Transverse sinus

Superior sagittal sinus Confluence of sinuses R. Transverse R. sigmoid R. Internal Jugular

SCALP• Skin• Connective tissue• Aponeurosis (occipitfrontalis)• Loose areolar connective tissue• Pericranium (periosteum)

Ventricular system• Lateral ventricles• 3rd ventricle• Cerebral aqueduct• 4th ventricle

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)• Secreted by choroidal epithelial cells of the choroid plexus

Arachnoid granulations• Prolonations of the arachnoid mater• Protude through the meningeal

layer of the dura mater• Open into the venour sinuses

Cranial Nerve Cranial Nerve

CN I Olfactory nerve CN VII Facial nerve

CN II Optic nerve CN VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve

CN III Oculomotor nerve CN IX Glossopharyngeal nerve

CN IV Trochlear nerve CN X Vagus nerve

CN V Trigeminal nerve CN XI Accessory nerve

CN VI Abducent nerve CNXII Hypoglossal nerve

1. Olfactory nerve - Cribriform plate of the Ethmoid bone2. Optic nerve – optic canal (opthalmic artery)3. Oculomotor – superior optical fissure4. Trochlear – Superior obtical fissure5. Trigeminal Obthalmic Va- superior orbital fissure

Maxillary Vb – foramen rotundumMandibular Vc –foramen ovale

6. Abducent – superior orbital fissure7. Facial – internal auditory meatus (passes through parotid)8. Vestibulocochlear – internal auditory meatus9. Glossopharygeal – jugular foramen10.Vagus – jugular foramen11.Accessory – jugular formen12.Hypoglossal – hypoglossal canal

Cranial nerves

LR6 SO4 REM3• Lateral rectus muscle – abducent (6)• Superior oblique muscle – trochlear (4)• Remaining – oculomotor (3)

Muscles of facial expression• Occipitofrontalis• Orbicularis oculi• Zygomaticus major• Zygomaticus minor• Orbicularis oris• Levator anguli oris• Depressor anguli oris• Levator labii superioris• Depressor labii inferioris

Innervation – facial CN VII• Temporal• Zygomatic• Buccal• Mandibular• Cervical

Trigeminal nerve CN V

Opthalmic Va

Frontal nerve

Supratrochlear

Supraorbital

Nasocillary nerve

Anterior ethmoidal External nasal

Infratrochlear

Posterior ethmoidalLacrimal

Mandibular VcAnterior division

Buccal nerve Lateral pterygoid Deep temporal nerves

Masseteric nerve

Mandibular VcPosterior division

Aurticulotemporal

Lingual nerve

Inferior alveolar

Mental nerve

Mylohyoid nerve

Supraorbital n.Supratrochlear n.Lacrimal n.

External nasal n.

Zygomaticotemporal n.

Zygomaticofacial n.Infraorbital n.

Auriculotemporal n.

Mental n.

Buccal n.

Infratrochlear n.

Maxillary Vb

Zygomatictemporal Zygomaticofacial Infraorbital

Cutaneous innervation of scalp, ANTERIOR to ear and vertex of the skull• Supratrochlear and supraorbital• Zygomaticotemporal • Auriculotemporal

Cutaneous innervation of scalp, POSTERIOR to ear and vertex of the skull• Lesser occipital (anterior ramus od C2)• Greater occipital nerve (posterior ramus of C2)• Greater auricular nerve (anterior rami of C2 and C3)• Third occipital nerve (posterior ramus C3)

Carotid sheath• Common carotid artery and

internal carotid artery• Internal jugular vein• Vagus nerve (X)

Facial nerve• Temporal• Zygomatic• Buccal • Mandibular• Cervical

Temporalis muscle• Coronoid process

Masseter muscle• Anterior 2/3 of zygomatic arch• Ramus and angle of mandible

Instrinsic mucles – change shape of tongueExtrensic – change porition• Palatoglossus• Hyoglossus• Styloglossus• genioglossus

Palatoglossus m.

Styloglossus m.

Hyoglossus m. Genioglossus m.

Anterior triangle of neck• Superior : body of mandible• Anterior : midline• Porterior : anterior border of the

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID MUSCLE

Infrahyoid muscles• Omohyoid (supeior/inferior bellies)• Sternohyoid• Thyrohyoid• sternothryoid

Posterior triangle of neck• Anterior : posterior border of the

sternocleidomastoid muscle• Porterior : anterior border of

TRAPEZIUS• Inferior : middle 1/3 of clavicle