ANATOMY OF THE PULP CAVITYed.dent.psu.ac.th/var/www/service/Upload/files/Anatomy of... ·...
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ANATOMY OF THE PULP CAVITY
Assist. Prof. Boonrat Sattapan
Department of conservative dentistry
Faculty of dentistry, PSU.
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Pulp cavity
: the central cavity
within a tooth and
is entirely enclosed
by dentin except
at the apical
foramen
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Pulp cavity
1. Pulp chamber
2. Root canal(s)
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ROOF OF PULP CHAMBER
7
: Dentin
covering the
pulp chamber
occlusally or
incisally
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FLOOR OF PULP CHAMBER
8
: dentin bounding
the chamber near
the cervix of the
tooth, particularly
dentin forming the
furcation area
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PULP HORN
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: an accentuation of
the roof of the pulp
chamber directly
under a cusp or
developmental lobe
: the prolongation of
the pulp itself directly
under a cusp
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CANAL ORIFICE(S)
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: openings in the
floor of the pulp
chamber leading
into the root
canals
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ROOT CANAL
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: portion of the
pulp cavity from
the canal orifice
to the apical
foramen
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ACCESSORY CANAL
12
: lateral branchings
of the main root
canal generally
occurring in the
apical third of a root
or furcation area in
multi-rooted tooth
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LATERAL CANAL
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: an accessory canal that
branches approximately
right angle to the main
root canal to the lateral
surface of the root and
may be visible on a
radiograph
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APICAL FORAMEN
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: an aperture at or
near the apex of a
root through which
the blood vessels
and nerves enter or
leave the pulp cavity
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APICAL FORAMEN
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ACCESSORY FORAMINA
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: the openings of
the accessory
and lateral
canals on the
root surface
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ACCESSORY FORAMINA
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APICAL CONSTRICTION
: the narrowest part of the root canal at
the apex where cementum join with
dentin (CDJ)
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WALLS OF A PULP CHAMBER
: derive their names from the
corresponding walls of the tooth
surface
buccal wall of a pulp chamber
lingual wall of a pulp chamber
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ANGLES OF A PULP CHAMBER
: derive their names from the
walls forming the angle
mesiobuccal angle of a
pulp chamber
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ROOT AND ROOT CANAL ANATOMY
Cross section of a root :
round
oval
deep oval
bowling pin
hourglass
kidney bean 22
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Common variations in root and root canal in cross
section (from Walton and Vertucci, 1996)
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Common variations in root and root canal in cross
section (from Walton and Vertucci, 1996)
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(Weine et al., 1969)
Classification of root canal configuration
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Type I Type II
Type III Type IV
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28( Vertucci, 1984)
Classification of root canal configuration
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young Increasing age
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APICAL FORAMEN
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PULP STONE
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MAXILLARY CENTRAL INCISOR
Average tooth length : 22.5 mm.
Pulp chamber :
center of the crown
follows the contours of the crown
broad mesiodistally
broadest part incisally
three pulp horns (correspond to the
developmental mamelons)
indistinct division between PC and RC
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MAXILLARY CENTRAL INCISOR
Root and root canal :
one root and one RC
conical in shape
centrally located
large and simple in outline
broad labiopalatally
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MAXILLARY LATERAL INCISOR
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Average tooth length : 22.0 mm.
Pulp chamber :
similar to maxillary central
incisor but smaller
two pulp horns (correspond to
the developmental mamelons)
broad mesiodistally
broadest part incisally
indistinct division between PC
and RC
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MAXILLARY LATERAL INCISOR
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Root and root canal :
one root and one RC
conical in shape
smaller than maxillary
central incisor
ovoid labiopalatally
in cervical third
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MAXILLARY LATERAL INCISOR
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Variations :
dens invaginatus
peg shape
dental tubercle (talon cusp)
developmental groove
(palatogingival groove)
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MAXILLARY CANINE
Average tooth length 26.5 mm.
Pulp chamber :
largest of single-rooted teeth
one pulp horn
narrow mesiodistally
broad labiopalatally
indistinet division between
PC and RC39
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MAXILLARY CANINE
Root and root canal :
one root and one RC
one pulp horn
RC is larger than maxillary incisor
RC is wider in labiopalatal than
in mesiodistal
indistinct division between PC and RC
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MAXILLARY FIRST PREMOLAR
Average tooth length 20.6 mm.
Pulp chamber :
narrow mesiodistally
broad buccopalatally
cross section : ovoid (B-Pa)
two pulp horns (B, Pa)
roof of PC is coronal to cervical line
floor of PC is convex
usually 2 orifices : B, Pa
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MAXILLARY FIRST PREMOLAR
Root and root canals :
Two roots and 2 RCs
(Pa, B)
Palatal RC is larger than
buccal RC
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MAXILLARY FIRST PREMOLAR
Variations :
One root and 1 or 2 RCs
Three roots and 3 RCs
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MAXILLARY SECOND PREMOLAR
Average tooth length 21.5 mm.
Pulp chamber :
similar to maxillary first
premolar
narrow mesiodistally
broad buccopalatally
Two pulp horns (B, Pa)
cross section : ovoid (B-Pa)
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MAXILLARY SECOND PREMOLAR
Root and root canal :
one root and 1 RC
Variations : 2 - 3 root/RCs
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MAXILLARY FIRST MOLAR
Average tooth length 20.8 mm.
Pulp chamber :
largest in the dental arch
four pulp horns (MB, DB, MPa, DPa)
pulpal roof : rhomboidal shape
pulpal floor : triangular form
orifices located in the 3 angles of the
floor
anatomic dark lines connect the orifices46
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MAXILLARY FIRST MOLAR
Root and root canals :
three roots (MB, DB, Pa)
Three - four RCs (MB1, MB2, DB, Pa)
MB root : 2 RCs (MB1, MB2)
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MAXILLARY FIRST MOLAR
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MAXILLARY FIRST MOLAR
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MAXILLARY SECOND MOLAR
Average tooth length 20.0 mm.
Pulp chamber :
similar to maxillary first molar but
narrower mesiodistally
pulpal roof : rhomboidal shape
pulpal floor : triangular form
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MAXILLARY SECOND MOLAR
Root and root canals :
three roots (MB, DB, Pa)
Three - four RCs (MB1, MB2, DB, Pa)
two root and 2 RCs
one root and 1 RC
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MAXILLARY SECOND MOLAR
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MAXILLARY THIRD MOLAR
The radicular anatomy of the third
molar is completely unpredictable
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MANDIBULAR CENTRAL INCISOR
Average tooth length : 20.7 mm.
Pulp chamber :
small and narrow mesiodistally
broad labiolingually
Root and root canal :
1 root and 1 - 2 RCs
narrow mesiodistally
broad labiolingually55
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MANDIBULAR LATERAL INCISOR
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Average tooth length : 21.1 mm
Pulp chamber :
similar to mandibular central incisor
Root and root canal :
similar to mandibular central incisor
Variations :
germination
fusion
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MANDIBULAR CANINE
Average tooth length 25.6 mm.
Pulp chamber :
similar to maxillary canine but smaller
narrow mesiodistally
broad labiolingually
one pulp horn
indistinct division between PC and RC
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MANDIBULAR CANINE
Root and root canals :
one root and 1 RC
Variation :
two roots and 2 RCs
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MANDIBULAR FIRST PREMOLAR
Average tooth length : 21.6 mm.
Pulp chamber :
narrow mesiodistally
broad buccolingually
distinct buccal pulp horn
(similar to canine)
indistinct division between PC
and RC
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MANDIBULAR FIRST PREMOLAR
Root and root canal :
conical shape
one root and one RC
narrow mesiodistally
broad buccolingually
Variation / anomaly :
bifurcation or trifurcation
of root or RCs
Dens evaginatus 61
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MANDIBULAR SECOND PREMOLAR
Average tooth length 22.3 mm.
Pulp chamber :
- similar to mandibular first premolar
- distinct lingual pulp horn
Root and root canals :
- similar to mandibular first premolar
Variations / Anomaly :
- bifurcation or trifurcation of
root or RCs
- Dens evaginatus 62
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Dens evaginatus
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MANDIBULAR FIRST MOLAR
Average tooth length 21.0 mm.
Pulp chamber :
pulpal roof : rectangular
pulpal floor : rhomboidal
four pulp horns
Three - four orifices
(3 orifices : MB, ML, D)
(4 orifices : MB, ML, DB, DL)
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MANDIBULAR FIRST MOLAR
Root and root canals :
two roots : M, D
broad buccolingually
three – four RCs
M : 2 RCs : MB, ML
D : 1 - 2 RCs (D/ DB, DL)
Variations : three roots
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MANDIBULAR SECOND MOLAR
Average tooth length : 19.8 mm.
Pulp chamber :
similar to mandibular
first molar but smaller
Root and root canal :
similar to mandibular first molar
Variations :
one conical root with one RC
C-shaped root / RC71
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C-SHAPED ROOT / ROOT CANAL
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RADIOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE
Fused root
Two distinct roots
Large distal canal, narrow mesial
canal and a blurred image in between
Files tend to converge at the apex
File may exit at the furcation
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RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
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(Fan et al., 2004)
Type I Type II Type III
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RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
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C-SHAPED ROOT CANAL
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Root canal system
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“OF ALL THE PHASES OF
ANATOMIC STUDY IN THE
HUMAN SYSTEM, ONE OF
THE MOST COMPLEX IS THAT
OF PULP CAVITY MORPHOLOGY”
(Barrett M.T., 1925, cited by Grossman et al., 1988)
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Any questions?
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Bye - bye