ANATOMY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim Who suffer (s) from pituitary...
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Transcript of ANATOMY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim Who suffer (s) from pituitary...
![Page 1: ANATOMY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim Who suffer (s) from pituitary disturbances? 1)Soldier # 1 2)Soldier # 2 3)Soldier # 3 4)Soldiers.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649cad5503460f9496ef9a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ANATOMY OF
THE PITUITARY GLAND
Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim
Who suffer (s) from pituitary disturbances?1) Soldier # 12) Soldier # 23) Soldier # 34) Soldiers # 1 & 3
1 2 3
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OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lecture, students should be able to:
Describe the position of the pituitary gland. List the structures related to the pituitary
gland. Differentiate between the lobes of the gland. Describe the blood supply of pituitary gland &
the hypophyseal portal system.
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PITUITARY GLAND(HYPOPHYSIS CEREBRI)
It is referred to as the master of endocrine gland.
It is a small oval structure of 1 cm in diameter.
It doubles its size during pregnancy.
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PITUITARY GLAND(POSITION)
It lies in the hypophyseal fossa of the body of sphenoid bone, between optic chiasma (anteriorly) & mamillary bodies (posteriorly).
Mammillary body
Optic chiasma
Body of sphenoid
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PITUITARY GLAND(POSITION)
It lies in the middle cranial fossa It is well protected in sella turcica of body of sphenoid
Sella turcica
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PITUITARY GLAND(POSITION)
A fold of dura mater (Diaphragma sellae) covers the pituitary gland & has an opening for passage of infundibulum (pituitary stalk) connecting the gland to hypothalamus.
Infundibulum
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PITUITARY GLAND
X-RAY SKULL: LATERAL VIEW
SAGITTAL SECTION OF HEAD & NECK
Hypophyseal fossa
Sphenoidal air sinus
Pituitarygland
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IMPORTANT RELATIONS
SUPERIOR: Diaphragma sellaeINFERIOR: Sphenoidal air sinusesLATERAL: Cavernous sinuses
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SUBDIVISIONS OF PITUITARY GLAND
The gland is subdivided into:
1) Anterior lobe (adenohypophysis): true gland, secretes hormones
2) Posterior lobe (neurohypophysis): connected to hypothalamus through hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract, stores hormones secreted by hypothalamic nuclei
Hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract
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BLOOD SUPPLY OF PITUITARY GLAND
ARTERIES: Superior & inferior hypophyseal arteries (branches of internal carotid artery)
VEINS: hypophyseal veins drain into cavernous sinuses.
Cavernous sinuses
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ARTERIES OF PITUITARY GLAND
The inferior hypophyseal: supplies posterior lobe of pituitary gland.The superior hypophyseal: supplies infundibulum & forms a capillary network from which vessels pass downward & form sinusoids into the anterior lobe of pituitary gland (hypophyseal portal system).
a hypothalamo-hypophseal portal vessel
Infundibulum
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ANTERIOR LOBE OF PITUITARY
Hormone-releasing & inhibiting factors produced by hypothalamus use hypophyseal portal system of vessels to reach the anterior lobe of pituitary gland
Hypophyseal portalsystem
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POSTERIOR LOBE OF PITUITARY
Axons of supraoptic & paraventricular cells of hypothalamus send their secretion (neurosecretion) to posterior lobe of pituitary gland through hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract
Hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract
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QUESTIONS
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QUESTION 1
Which one of the following structures is superior to the pituitary gland?
1) Optic chiasma
2) Diaphragma sellae
3) Mammillary bodies
4) Sphenoidal air sinuses
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QUESTION 2
Regarding the pituitary gland, which one of the following statements is correct?
1) The hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract connects the hypothalamus to the anterior lobe of pituitary gland.
2) The anterior lobe of pituitary is the true gland.
3) The pituitary gland lies in a fossa in the ethmoid bone.
4) The superior hypophyseal artery supplies the posterior lobe of pituitary gland.
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