Anatomy of the Heart
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Transcript of Anatomy of the Heart
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Heart Shapeand Make-up
• Nine (9) inches long x three (3) inches wide. – Size of a fist– Triangular
• Involuntary striated muscle tissue – Only found in this organ.
• Beats 60-100 times per minute– 2.5 billion times during an average lifespan.
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Heart Location• Base--attached to several large blood
vessels and lies beneath the second rib. • Apex—
– at the fifth intercostal space– Points towards the left
• Located within the mediastinum, bordered laterally by the lungs, posterior is the backbone, and anterior is the sternum
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Pericardial Cavity• Pericardium
– Located between the parietal and visceral layers
• Fluid filled sack that surrounds the heart– Pericardial fluid – Several functions
• Keeps the heart contained in the chest cavity• Prevents the heart from over expanding when
blood volume increases• Prevents friction (rubbing with beats)
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Pericardium
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Layers
• Made up of three (3) distinct layers:
• Outer epicardium • Myocardium• Inner endocardium
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Epicardium
• Corresponds to the visceral pericardium. • Functions as an outer protective layer. • Serous membrane that consists of
connective tissue covered by epithelium. • Includes blood capillaries, lymph
capillaries, and nerve fibers.
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Myocardium
• Relatively thick. • Consists largely of cardiac muscle tissue
responsible for forcing blood out of the heart chambers.
• Muscle fibers are arranged in planes, separated by connective tissues that are richly supplied with blood capillaries, and nerve fibers.
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Endocardium
• Consists of epithelial and connective tissue that contains many elastic and collagenous fibers.
• Connective tissue also contains blood vessels and some specialized cardiacmuscle fibers called Purkinje fibers.
• Lines all of the heart chambers and covers heart valves.
• Is continuous with the inner lining of blood vessels--endothelium.
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READHandout
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Anatomy of the
Heart Tuesday
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Vena Cava• Superior Vena Cava
– Bringing de-oxygenated blood • Upper body to the right atrium of the heart
• Inferior Vena Cava– Bringing de-oxygenated blood
• Lower body to the right atrium of the heart
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Chambers• Atria
– Two chambers at the top– Right
• Receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava
– Left• It receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary
veins
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Chambers• Ventricles
– Two chambers at the bottom– Right
• It receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium
– Left• It receives oxygen rich blood from the left atrium
– Video
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Coronary Arteries• Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart
muscle– oxygen-rich blood to function– oxygen-depleted blood must be carried away– consist of two main arteries
• the right and left coronary arteries.
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Valves• Tricuspid
– valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle.
• Pulmonary – valve is between the right ventricle and the
pulmonary artery.
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Valves• Mitral (Bicuspid)
– valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle.
• Aortic – valve is between the left ventricle and the
aorta. • Each valve has a set of flaps (also called leaflets
or cusps). When working properly, the heart valves open and close fully.
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Vessel Valves• Pulmonary Valve
– semilunar valve of the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and has three cusps.
• Aortic Valve – It lies between the left ventricle and the aorta– video
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Repair of Tricuspid Valve
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READHandout
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Anatomy of the
Heart Wednesday
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Importance of Coronary Arteries• Coronary artery disorder or disease
– Reducing the flow of oxygen and nutrients to the heart• leads to a heart attack and possibly death.• Video
– Atherosclerosis (a build-up of plaque in the inner lining of an artery causing it to narrow or become blocked) is the most common cause of heart disease.
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Vessels• Video• Superior Vena Cava• Inferior Vena Cava• Aorta• Pulmonary Artery• Pulmonary Vein
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Aorta• Largest single blood vessel in the body
– diameter of your thumb– carries oxygen-rich blood from the left
ventricle to the various parts of the body• Aortic Arch
– Top curve of the aorta
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READHandout
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Anatomy of the
Heart Thursday
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Pulmonary Artery• Vessel transporting de-oxygenated blood
from the right ventricle to the lungs• A common misconception is that all
arteries carry oxygen-rich blood– It is more appropriate to classify arteries as
vessels carrying blood away from the heart.
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Pulmonary Vein• Vessel transporting oxygen-rich blood
from the lungs to the left atrium• A common misconception is that all
veins carry de-oxygenated blood it is more appropriate to classify veins as
vessels carrying blood to the heartVideo-blood flowVideo
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Oxygen Exchange
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Entire Cycle
• video- blood flow• Lyrics
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