Anatomy of Bones Bones zHead z1.Frontal z2 occipital z3 parietal z4 Temporal zNeck and spine...
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Transcript of Anatomy of Bones Bones zHead z1.Frontal z2 occipital z3 parietal z4 Temporal zNeck and spine...
Anatomy of Bones
BonesHead 1.Frontal 2 occipital 3 parietal 4 Temporal
Neck and spine Cervical=C1-C7 Thoracic=T1-T12 Lumbar= L1-L5 Sacrum Coccyx
Upper extremity Clavicle Scapula humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals phalanges
Torso Sternum Xiphoid process Ribs (12)
Bones continued
Lower extremity Pelvis Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Calcaneous Talus Metatarsals Phalanges
AnatomyTypes of BonesLong-curved and long
Femur, humerus, tibia, fibula, radius, ulna, phalanges, metatarsal/metacarpal
Most commonly injured
Short- cubed shaped, they are spongy bone except at the surface, Wrist- carpals Foot- tarsals
Flat- thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bone Ex. Cranium, sternum, ribs, scapula
Irregular- compact - vertebraeSutural or Wormian- small bones located
between the joints of certain cranial bones. Soft spot on your head
Types of bones cont.
Sesamoid- small bones wrapped in your tendons 1st metatarsal
Spongy- short, carpals, tarsals
Compact- vertebrae
Anatomy of bone Structure Diaphysis- main shaft of the long
bone- hollow and covered by compact bone or periosteum
Epiphysis-end of long bones provide for muscle attachments
Metaphysis- the wider part at the end of the long bone- adjacent to the epiphyseal plate
Articular cartilage- hyaline cartilage- joint surfaces
Periosteum- covering of long bone. Interlacing with the periosteum are fibers from the muscle/tendons
Medullary-hollow tube in the long bone contains a yellow fatty marrow
Endosteum- lining the medullary cavity
Type of jointsGliding- where bones glide over one another. Ex. Vertebrae, tarsals, carpals
Hinge- one surface is round that fits into another concave surface.
Ex. Elbow, knee: motion flex/extBall and Socket-movement in many planes/axis, such as
ext/flex, int/ext rotation, abd/adduction, circumduction Ex. Hip and shoulder
Condyloid-movement similar to ball/socket but in two planes; forward/backward, flex/extension, abd/adduction
Ex. Wrist, metacarpal phalangeal joint
Saddle- flex/extension, add/abduction circumduction Ex. thumb
Pivot- rotation-movement in one plane about one axis. Ex. Radio-ulnar joint
Anatomical Movements Anterior/Posterior Medial/Lateral Superior/Inferior Supine/Prone ______________ 1 flexion 2 extension 3 abduction 4 adduction 5 internal rotation 6 external rotation
7 pronation 8 Supination 9 Dorsi flexion 10 plantar flexion 11 Circumduction 12 inversion 13 Eversion 14 horizontal
flexion/extension 15
protraction/retraction
ROM is predetermined by: 1.Flexibility of muscles 2.flexibility of tendons 3.Flexibility of
ligaments 4. By size 5.Factors of use 6.Injury
7.Age
8.Angle of the joint
9.Disease
Anatomical names Rectus
Parallel to the midline Ex. Rectus abdominis, rectus femoris
Transverse Perpendicular to the midline
Ex. Transverse abdominis Oblique
Diagonal to the midline Ex. External Oblique or Internal oblique
Maximus Large
Ex. Gluteus Maximus Medius
Middle Ex. Gluteus medius
Minimus Small
Ex. Gluteus minimus, flexor digiti minimi
Naming Skeletal Muscles Longus Long
Ex. Flexor hallicus longus, adductor longus Brevis
Short Adductor brevis, peroneal brevis
Latissimus Triangular
Ex. Latissimus dorsi Longissimus
Long Ex. Longissimus thoracis
Magnus Large
Ex. Adductor magnus Major
Larger muscle Pectoralis major
Minor Smaller muscle
Ex. Pectoralis minor
Naming Skeletal Muscles Deltoid-
triangular Serratus-
saw toothed Serratus anterior
Rhomboid- rhomboid shape
Rhomboid major or minor Quadratus-
4 sided Quadratus lumborum
Flexor/Extensor Flexor/ extensor carpi
radialis Abductor/adductor
Abductor/adductor hallicus longus
Levator- Elevates
Levator scapula Supinator
Supination Supinator
Pronator- Pronation
Pronator teres Rotator-
Rotation Rotator cuff
Biceps /triceps- Two/three heads
Bicep brachii/tricep brachii
Quadriceps- four