1

Lois Roberts, Coleg y Cymoedd, Medi 2016

Anatomy and Physiology Terms

Termau Anatomeg a Ffisioleg

2

Lois Roberts, Coleg y Cymoedd, Medi 2016

The Skeletal System —Y System Ysgerbydol

coccyx—asgwrn cynffon

axial skeleton—ysgerbwd atodol appendicular skeleton—ysgerbwd echelinol

types of bone—mathau o esgyrn

sternum—sternum

cranium—creuan

clavicle—pont yr ysgwydd

ribs—asennau

humerus—humerus

radius—radius

ulna—ulna

scapula—padell yr ysgwydd

ilium—ilium

pubis—pubis

ischium—ischium, carpals—carpalau

metacarpals—metacarpalau

phalanges—ffalangau

femur—asgwrn y forddwyd

patella—padell pen-glin

tibia—tibia

fibula—ffibwla

tarsals—esgyrn tarsol

metatarsals—esgyrn metatarsol

cervical—cerfigol

sacrum—sacrwm

lumbar vertebrae—

fertebratau meingefn

vertebral column—asgwrn cefn

thoracic—thorasig

sesamoid bones—esgyrn sesamoid

long bones—esgyrn hir short bones—esgyrn byr flat bones—esgyrn fflat

irregular bones—esgyrn afreolaidd

synovial/freely moveable—synofaidd/symud yn rhydd

joints—cymalau

fixed—sefydlog

slightly moveable—lled symudol

3

Lois Roberts, Coleg y Cymoedd, Medi 2016

The Muscular System —Y System Gyhyrol

types of muscle—mathau o gyhyrau

major muscles—prif gyhyrau

biceps— cyhyrau deuben

triceps—cyhyrau triphen

deltoids—deltoidau

pectoralis major—pectoralis mwyaf

vastus medialis—vastus medialis

rectus abdominis—rectus abdominis

rectus femoris—rectus femoris

vastus lateralis—vastus lateralis

vastus intermedius—vastus intermedius

semimembranosus—semimembranosus

semitendinosus—semitendinosus

biceps femoris—cyhyrau deuben femoris

gastrocnemius—gastrocnemius

soleus—soleus

tibialis anterior—tibialis anterior

erector spinae—erector spinae

teres major—teres major

trapezius—trapesius

latissimus dorsi—latissimus dorsi

obliques—oblicau

gluteus maximus—gluteus maximus

smooth—llyfn cardiac—cardiaidd

skeletal—ysgerbydol

4

Lois Roberts, Coleg y Cymoedd, Medi 2016

The Cardiovascular System —Y System Gardiofasgwlaidd

venuoles—gwythienigau

heart—calon

atria—atria

ventricles—fentriglau

bicuspid valve—falf ddwylen

tricuspid valve—falf deirlen

aortic valve—falf aortig

pulmonary valve—falf ysgyfeiniol

aorta—aorta

superior vena cava —vena cava uwch

inferior vena cava —vena cava isaf

pulmonary vein—gwythïen ysgyfeinol

pulmonary artery—rhydweli ysgyfeinol

blood vessels—pibelli gwaed

arteries—rhydwelïau arterioles—rhydwelïynnau

capillaries—capilarïau

veins—gwythiennau

5

Lois Roberts, Coleg y Cymoedd, Medi 2016

The Respiratory System —Y System Resbiradol

intercostal muscles (external and internal)—cyhyrau rhyngasennol (mewnol ac allanol)

nasal cavity—ceudod

epiglottis—epiglotis

pharynx—ffaryncs

larynx—laryncs

trachea—tracea bronchus—broncws

bronchioles—bronciolynnau

lungs—ysgyfaint

lobes—llabedau

pleural membrane—pilen eisbilennol

thoracic cavity—ceudod thorasig

visceral pleura—pliwra perfeddol

pleural fluid—hylif eisbilennol

alveoli—alfeoli

diaphragm—llengig

6

Lois Roberts, Coleg y Cymoedd, Medi 2016

The Digestive System —Y System Dreulio

salivary gland—chwarren boer

oesophagus—oesoffagws

tongue—tafod

larynx—laryncs

trachea—tracea

liver—afu

stomach—stumog gall bladder—coden y bustl

small intenstine—coluddyn bach

duodenum—dwodenwm

large intenstine—coluddyn mawr

appendix—pendics

common bile duct—dwythell y bustl

pancreas—pancreas

rectum—rectwm

anus—anws

pancreatic duct—dwythell bancreatig