Anatomy and Physiology I Bones of the Vertebral Column and Thoracic Cage Instructor: Mary Holman.

Anatomy and Physiology I

Bones of the Vertebral Column

and Thoracic Cage

Instructor: Mary Holman

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

(b)

5Lumbar

vertebrae

12 Thoracicvertebrae

7Cervicalvertebrae

Sacrum

Coccyx

Fig. 7.32b Vertebral Column

Posterior View

Human EmbryoPrimary Curvature of the Vertebral Column

concaveconvex

Fig 23.14c

8 weeks 4 weeks


Cervicalcurvature

Thoraciccurvature

Lumbarcurvature

Sacralcurvature

Vertebraprominens

Rib facet

Intervertebraldiscs

Intervertebralforamina

Sacrum

Coccyx

Fig. 7.32a

AnteriorPosterior

Four Spinal Curvatures

concaveconvex

1o curvature


Body

Pedicle

Vertebral foramen

Superior articular process

Facet for tubercle of rib

Transverse process

Lamina

Spinous process

Fig. 7.33c

Thoracic Vertebra - Superior View

Posterior

Anterior

Basic Vertebral Structure


Inferior articularprocess

Intervertebral notch

Body

Pedicle

Superiorarticularprocess

Transverseprocess

Facet fortubercle of rib

Spinousprocess

Fig. 7.33aThoracic Vertebra - Lateral View

AnteriorPosterior


BodySuperiorarticularprocess

Spinousprocess

Transverseprocess


Intervertebraldisc

Anterior

Posterior

Fig. 7.33b

Intervertebral Disc


Anterior Posterior

© Royalty Free/CORBIS

Fig. 7.35

C1 - AtlasC2 - Axis C3

C4C5C6

C7

T1

T12L1

L5

Sacrum

Coccyx

Names of

Vertebrae

Posterior view

S1

S5


Anterior

Posterior

Atlas - First Cervical Vertebra - C1Superior View

Transverseforamen

Vertebralforamen

Transverseprocess

Facet that articulateswith dens (odontoid process)of axis or C2 vertebra

Facet that articulates with occipital condyle of the Occiptal bone

Fig. 7.34a


Anterior articularfacet for atlas


Transverseforamen

Body

Transverseprocess

Superiorarticular facet

Spinousprocess

Dens

Fig. 7.34bAxis - C2 Lateral View

Superior

Inferior

Posterior Anterior


Axis - C2 Superior View

Transverseforamen

Body

Dens (odontoidprocess)

Superiorarticular facet

Spinous process is bifid

Fig. 7.34c

Posterior

Anterior


Cervical vertebrae C3-C6 Superior view

Bifid spinous process

Vertebral foramenLamina

Body

Superior articularfacet

Transverse foramen

Transverse process

Fig. 7.36a

Posterior

Anterior

Transverse foramen

Fig. 15.44


Subclavian artery

Common carotid artery

Brachiocephalic artery

Vertebral artery


Thoracic vertebra - superior view

Lamina

Pedicle

Body

Spinous process

Vertebral foramen

Facet that articulateswith rib head

Facet that articulateswith rib tubercle

Superior articularfacet

Transverse process

Fig. 7.36b

Posterior

Anterior


Lumbar vertebra - superior view

Lamina

Pedicle

BodyVertebral foramen

Spinous process

Superior articularprocess

Transverse process

Fig. 7.36c

Posterior

Anterior

(c) Lumbar vertebra

(a) Cervical vertebra

Transverse foramen

(b) Thoracic vertebra

Facet that articulateswith rib head

Facet that articulateswith rib tubercule

Fig. 7.36Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Review:Distinguishing

the threetypes of

Vertebrae

Superior View


Cervicalcurvature

Thoraciccurvature

Lumbarcurvature

Sacralcurvature

Vertebraprominens

Rib facet

Intervertebraldiscs

Intervertebralforamina

Sacrum

Coccyx

Fig. 7.32a

AnteriorPosterior

Lateral View of the Spinal Column

concaveconvex


Coccyx

Sacrum

Superior articular processSacral promontory

Anterior sacralforamen

Fig. 7.37a

Sacrumand

Coccyx

Anterior View

Base

Apex


Sacral canal

Tubercleof mediansacral crest

Auricularsurface

Posterior sacralforamen

Sacral hiatus

Coccyx

Sacrum

Superior articular process

Fig. 7.37b SacrumandCoccyx

Posterior View


1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

(a)

SternumBody

Manubrium

Xiphoid process

Thoracic vertebra

Clavicular notch

Sternal angle

Jugular notch(suprasternal notch)

Fig. 7.38aThoracic Cage - Sternum


1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

True ribs(vertebrosternalribs)

Vertebro-chondralribs

Falseribs

(a)

Floating ribs(vertebral ribs)

Ribs

Costal cartilageHyaline cartilage

Fig. 7.38a

Thoracic Cage - Ribs

T11

T12

L1

L2


Costal groove

ShaftAnterior end

Head

Tubercle

Neck

Fig. 7.39a

Posterior View of a Right Rib


Anterior end(sternal end)

Shaft

FacetHeadNeck

TubercleFacet

Spinous process

Fig. 7.39b

Articulationof a RightRib with aThoracicVertebra

Superior View

Anatomy and Physiology I Bones of the Vertebral Column and Thoracic Cage Instructor: Mary Holman.

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