Anatomy and Anatomy and PhysiologyPhysiology

Chapter 6Chapter 6

Skeletal SystemSkeletal System

Skeletal SystemSkeletal System

Physical foundation of the bodyPhysical foundation of the body 206 bones206 bones Connected by movable and Connected by movable and

immovable jointsimmovable joints

OsteologyOsteology

Science of the anatomy, Science of the anatomy, structure, and function of the structure, and function of the bonesbones

OSOS– BoneBone– Prefix for medical termsPrefix for medical terms

BoneBone

Second hardest tissue of the bodySecond hardest tissue of the body– The first is tooth enamelThe first is tooth enamel

Composed of connective tissue Composed of connective tissue – 1/3 animal matter1/3 animal matter– 2/3 mineral matter2/3 mineral matter

Primary functionsPrimary functions

Give shape and support to the bodyGive shape and support to the body Protects internal structures and Protects internal structures and

organsorgans Attachments for muscles and acts Attachments for muscles and acts

as levers for movementas levers for movement Produces white and red blood cellsProduces white and red blood cells Store’s calcium, phosphorus, Store’s calcium, phosphorus,

magnesium and sodiummagnesium and sodium

Bone jointsBone joints

Connection of two (2) or more Connection of two (2) or more bonesbones

Movable:Movable:– ElbowsElbows– KneesKnees– hipships

Immovable:Immovable:– PelvisPelvis– skullskull

Bones of the SkullBones of the Skull

CraniumCranium– 8 bones of the head8 bones of the head– An oval, bony case that protects the An oval, bony case that protects the

brainbrain Facial SkeletonFacial Skeleton

– 14 bones of the face14 bones of the face

CraniumCranium

1 Occipital – hindmost, forms the back 1 Occipital – hindmost, forms the back of the skull above the napeof the skull above the nape

2 Parietal – forms the sides and crown2 Parietal – forms the sides and crown

1 Frontal – forehead1 Frontal – forehead

2 Temporal – forms the sides of the 2 Temporal – forms the sides of the head in the ear regionhead in the ear region

1 Ethmoid – light, spongy bone 1 Ethmoid – light, spongy bone between the eye sockets and between the eye sockets and forms the nasal cavitiesforms the nasal cavities

1 Sphenoid – joins all the bones of 1 Sphenoid – joins all the bones of the craniumthe cranium

Bones of the FaceBones of the Face

2 Nasal – form the bridge of the 2 Nasal – form the bridge of the nosenose

2 Lacrimal – small, thin bones – 2 Lacrimal – small, thin bones – front inner wall of the eye socketsfront inner wall of the eye sockets

2 Zygomatic – prominence of the 2 Zygomatic – prominence of the cheekbonescheekbones

2 Maxillae – upper jaw2 Maxillae – upper jaw

1 Mandible – lower jaw – largest 1 Mandible – lower jaw – largest and strongest bone of the faceand strongest bone of the face

Bones of the neckBones of the neck

Hyoid – U-shaped at base of Hyoid – U-shaped at base of tongue – “Adams Apple”tongue – “Adams Apple”

Cervical Vertebrae – seven (7) Cervical Vertebrae – seven (7) bones of the top part of the bones of the top part of the vertebral column in neck regionvertebral column in neck region

Bones of the Chest, Bones of the Chest, Shoulder and backShoulder and back Thorax – chest – elastic, bony cage Thorax – chest – elastic, bony cage

that protects the heart and lungsthat protects the heart and lungs

Ribs – twelve (12) pairs of bones Ribs – twelve (12) pairs of bones forming the wall of the thoraxforming the wall of the thorax

Scapula – large, flat, triangular Scapula – large, flat, triangular bone of the shoulder (back)bone of the shoulder (back)

Sternum – BreastboneSternum – Breastbone

Clavicle – Collarbone – joins Clavicle – Collarbone – joins sternum and scapulasternum and scapula

Bones for the arms Bones for the arms and handsand hands Humerus – uppermost and largest Humerus – uppermost and largest

bone of the arm – from elbow to bone of the arm – from elbow to shouldershoulder

Ulna – inner and larger of the Ulna – inner and larger of the forearm – pinkie sideforearm – pinkie side

Radius – smaller bone on the Radius – smaller bone on the forearm – thumb sideforearm – thumb side

Carpus (Carpal) – wrist – 8 Carpus (Carpal) – wrist – 8 flexible, small, irregular bones flexible, small, irregular bones held together by ligamentsheld together by ligaments

Metacarpus – palm – 5 bones Metacarpus – palm – 5 bones between carpus and phalangesbetween carpus and phalanges

Phalanges – fingers – digits –Phalanges – fingers – digits –– 14 bones14 bones

3 fingers3 fingers 2 thumbs2 thumbs

Bones of the legs and Bones of the legs and feetfeet Femur – heavy, long thigh boneFemur – heavy, long thigh bone Tibia- larger, shin bone – big toe Tibia- larger, shin bone – big toe

sideside Fibula – smaller, shin bone – little Fibula – smaller, shin bone – little

toe sidetoe side Patella – knee cap Patella – knee cap Talus - ankleTalus - ankle

Tarsal – 7 bones from ankle into Tarsal – 7 bones from ankle into footfoot

Metatarsals – 5 bones of the foot Metatarsals – 5 bones of the foot – long and slender– long and slender

Phalanges - toes – digits –Phalanges - toes – digits –– 14 bones14 bones

3 toes3 toes 2 big toes2 big toes