Anatomical Positions Sports Medicine Standard 2. What is Anatomy and Physiology? Anatomy is the...
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Transcript of Anatomical Positions Sports Medicine Standard 2. What is Anatomy and Physiology? Anatomy is the...
Anatomical PositionsSports Medicine Standard 2
What is Anatomy and Physiology?
Anatomy is the study of structure
Derived from Greek and means “to cut up” or “to cut open”
Physiology is the study of the functions of body structures
Structure and function are very closely related
Anatomic Position
Planes of the Body
Body Planes• Coronal plane – also called frontal plane
A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.
• Transverse Plane – also called the cross-sectional or horizontal plane. Cuts perpendicularly along the long axisof the body/organ. The body or organ isseparated into both superior (upper) andinferior (lower) parts.
• Sagittal Plane – also called the median planeExtends through the body or organ verticallyand divides the structure into right and lefthalves.
• Midsagittal – sagittal plane in the middleof the body *only one
• Parasagittal – a plane that is parallel to theMidsagittal plane but either to the left orright of it.
Anatomic Directions
Term Meaning Example
Anterior In front of; toward the front surface.
The stomach is anterior to the spinal cord.
Posterior In back of; toward the back surface.
The heart is posterior to the sternum.
Dorsal At the back side of the human body.
The spinal cord is on the dorsal side of the body.
Ventral At the belly side of the human body.
The umbilicus (naval, belly button) is on the ventral side of the body.
Anatomic Directions
Term Meaning Example
Superior Toward the head or above.
The chest is superior to the pelvis.
Inferior Toward feet not head.
The stomach is inferior to the heart.
Caudal At the rear or tail end.
The abdomen is caudal to the head.
Cranial At the head end. The head is cranial to the trunk.
Anatomic Directions
Term Meaning Example
Medial Toward the midline of the body.
The lungs are medial to the shoulders.
Lateral Away from the midline of the body.
The arms are lateral to the heart.
Deep On the inside, underneath another structure.
Muscles are deep to the skin.
Superficial On the outside. The external edge of the kidney is superficial to its internal structure.
Anatomic Directions
Term Meaning Example
Proximal Closest to point of attachment to trunk.
The elbow is proximal to the hand.
Distal Furthest from point of attachment to trunk.
The wrist is distal to the elbow.
Visceral Related to internal organs.
The thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are lined with thin serous membranes
Parietal Related to the body walls.
which are composed of two layers: visceral (lines the internal organs) and parietal (lines the inside body wall)
Regional Anatomy
Regional Anatomy
Regional Name
Description
Abdominal Region inferior to the thorax (chest) and superior to the hip bones.
Antebrachial Forearm (the portion of the upper limb between the elbow and wrist.
Axillary Armpit.
Brachial Arm (the portion of the upper limb between the shoulder and the elbow).
Buccal Cheek.
Calcaneal Heel of the foot.
Carpal Wrist.
Regional Anatomy
Regional Name
Description
Cephalic Head.
Coxal Hip.
Cranial Head.
Crural Leg.
Deltoid Shoulder.
Digital Fingers or toes.
Dorsal Back.
Regional Anatomy
Regional Name
Description
Facial Face.
Femoral Thigh.
Frontal Forehead.
Gluteal Buttock.
Hallux Great toe.
Ingunial Groin.
Lumbar Loin.
Regional Anatomy
Regional Name
Description
Mammary Breast.
Nasal Nose.
Occipital Posterior base of the head.
Olecranial Posterior to the elbow.
Oral Mouth.
Orbital Eye.
Palmer Palm of the hand.
Regional Anatomy
Regional Name
Description
Patellar Kneecap
Pelvic Pelvis.
Perineal Region between the anus and the external reproductive organs.
Pes Foot.
Plantar Sole of the foot.
Pollex Thumb.
Popliteal Area posterior to knee.
Regional Anatomy
Regional Name
Description
Pubic Anterior region of the pelvis.
Sacral Posterior region of between the hip bones.
Scapular Shoulder blade.
Sternal Middle of the thorax, anteriorly.
Sural Calf.
Tarsal Ankle.
Thoracic Chest or thorax.
Umbilical Navel.
Vertebral Spinal column.
Anatomical Positions
Anatomic Position
Decubitus/Recumbent Position
Left/Right Lateral Recumbent
Supine
Prone
Fowler Position
Knee-chest Position
Lithotomy Position
Sims position
Trendelenburg Position
Decubitus/Recumbent Position
Means “lying down” Dorsal Recumbent (or decubitus)
Means lying down on back Left/Right Lateral Recumbent
Means lying down on left or right side
Left = recovery position
Anatomical Positions
Anatomic Positions
SupineMeans face up
Anatomical Positions
ProneMeans face down
High Fowler’s Position Patient is sitting upright as far as the bed can go Between 60-90 degree angle
Fowler Position Patient is sitting supine at 45-60 degree angle
Semi-Fowler’s Position 30-45 degree angleAnatomical
Positions
Anatomical Positions
Knee-Chest Position A prone position in which the individual rests on the
knees and upper part of the chest.
Anatomical Positions
Lithotomy Position A supine position of the body with the legs separated
and flexed
Anatomical Positions
Sims Position It is performed by having a patient lie on their left side,
left hip and lower extremity straight, and right hip and knee bent.
Interchangeable with lateral recumbent.
Anatomical Positions
• Trendelenberg Position• Patient lies face upward on a tilted table or
bed with the pelvis higher than the head.