Anatomia Esdtes.2012 (1)

Dr. Yader Alvarado

MAXILAR INFERIOR(MANDIBULA)

Anatomía

DR. YADER ALVARADORADIOLOGIA

Cuerpo

Bordes

Ramas Estructura

Osificación

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Dr. Yader Alvarado

1.- Linea oblicua externa. Continuacion del margen anterior de la rama ascendenta2.- Cresta temporal con el trigono retromolar3.- Agujero mental4.- Canal mandibular5.- Hueso compacto mandibular.

Dr. Yader Alvarado

1.- Linea oblicua externa2.- Cresta temporal con trígono retro molar.3.- Agujero Mentoneano4.- Canal mandibular5.- Hueso compacto de la mandibula

Dr. Yader Alvarado

1.- Porción labial del septun interdental2.- Porción lingual del septun interdental3.- Espina mental4.- Canal vascular5.- Canal vascular6.- Fosa Mentoneana7.- Efecto de quemado8.- Sombra causada por la prominencia mentón9.- Hueso compacto de la mandíbula

Dr. Yader Alvarado

LEYENDA 1. Banda proximal de

esmalte en forma de hoja de cuchillo.

2. Muñon de dentina.

3. Cámara Pulpar.

4. Límite cervical o casquete del esmalte.

5. Borde del alvéolo.

6. Tabique interdentario.

7. Conducto.

8. Espacio Periodóntico.

9. Lámina dura.

Dr. Yader Alvarado

1.- septun nasal7.- Seno maxilar8.- Reborde orbitario9.- Borde nasal10.- Espina nasal anterior11.- Borde laterobasal de la cavidad nasal12.- Porción horizontal del paladar y dorso de la lengua13.- Sombra del hueso Hioides14.- Aire en la epifaringe

Dr. Yader Alvarado

1.- Foramen mandibular2.- Proceso corónide3.- Arco cigomático4.- Vertebra cervical5.- Efecto causado por aire contenido en epifaringe7.- Agujero Mentoneana8.- Canal mandibular

Dr. Yader Alvarado

1.- Ligamento periodontal2.- Trabeculado oseo3.- Cuerpo de la mandibula4.- Foramen mental Superpuestoen el apice del premolar5.- Canal mandibular

Dr. Yader Alvarado

1.- Espina nasal anterior2.- Reborde de la cavidad nasal3.- Cresta maxilar nasal y septun nasal4.- Concha nasal superpuesta5.- Hueso nasal6.- Seno maxilar7.- Margen infraorbitario8.- Canal naso lagrimal.9.- Hueso compacto bucal y lingual10.- Espina mental11.- Foramen mental

Dr. Yader Alvarado

1.- Espina nasal anterior2.- Reborde de la cavidad nasal3.- Cresta maxilar nasal y septun nasal4.- Concha nasal superpuesta5.- Hueso nasal6.- Seno maxilar7.- Margen infraorbitario8.- Canal naso lagrimal.

Dr. Yader Alvarado

a. lingual foramen

b. genial tubercles

c. mental ridge

d. mental fossa

Mandibular Incisor

a b c

d

Dr. Yader Alvarado

b = genial tubercles

a = lingual foramen c = mental ridge

d = mental fossa

ab

cd

facial viewlingual view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Lingual foramen. Radiolucent “hole” in center of genial tubercles. Lingual nutrient vessels pass through this foramen.

lingual view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Genial tubercles. Radiopaque area in the midline, midway between the inferior border of the mandible and the apices of the incisors. Serve as attachments for the genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles. May have radiolucent hole in center (lingual foramen), but not on this film. Note double rooted canine (red arrows).

lingual view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Mental ridge. These represent the raised portions of the mental protuberance on either side of the midline. More commonly seen when using the bisecting angle technique, when the x-ray beam is directed at an upward angle through the ridges.

facial view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Mental fossa. This represents a depression on the labial aspect of the mandible overlying the roots of the incisors. The resulting radiolucency may be mistaken for pathology.

facial view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

The radiolucent area above corresponds to the location of the mental fossa. However, this slide represents chronic periapical periodontitis; these teeth are non-vital, due to trauma.

The orange arrows above identify nutrient canals. They are most often seen in older persons with thin bone, and in those with high blood pressure or advanced periodontitis.

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Mandibular Canine

ab

a = mental ridgeb = genial tubercles/ lingual foramenc = mental foramen

c

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b2

a = mental ridgec = mental foramen b2 = lingual foramen

b1 = genial tubercles

facial view lingual view

dc

da

db1

db2

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Mental ridge. The raised portions of the mental protuberance, sloping downward and backward from the midline.

facial view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Lingual foramen/genial tubercles. (See description under mandibular incisor above).

lingual view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

The red arrows identify the mandibular canal and the blue arrow points to the mental foramen.

facial view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Mandibular Premolar

a = mylohyoid ridgeb = mandibular canalc = submandibular gland fossad = mental foramen

Dr. Yader Alvarado

c

b = mandibular canald = mental foramen

a = mylohyoid ridge (internal oblique)c = submandibular gland fossa


c

add b

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Mylohyoid (internal oblique) ridge. This radiopaque ridge is the attachment for the mylohyoid muscle. The ridge runs downward and forward from the third molar region to the area of the premolars.

lingual view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

facial view

Mandibular canal. (Inferior alveolar canal). Runs downward from the mandibular foramen to the mental foramen, passing close to the roots of the molars. More easily seen in the molar periapical.

Dr. Yader Alvarado

lingual view

Submandibular gland fossa. The depression below the mylohyoid ridge where the submandibular gland is located. More obvious in the molar periapical film.

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Mental foramen. Usually located midway between the upper and lower borders of the body of the mandible, in the area of the premolars. May mimic pathology if superimposed over the apex of one of the premolars.

facial view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Mandibular Molar

a = external oblique ridgeb = mylohyoid ridgec = mandibular canald = submandibular gland fossa

Dr. Yader Alvarado


b

c

ab

a = external oblique ridgec = mandibular canal

b = mylohyoid ridged = submandibular gland fossa

dd

Dr. Yader Alvarado

ab

cdd

a = external oblique ridgeb = mylohyoid ridgec = mandibular canald = submandibular gland fossa

Dr. Yader Alvarado

External oblique ridge. A continuation of the anterior border of the ramus, passing downward and forward on the buccal side of the mandible. It appears as a distinct radiopaque line which usually ends anteriorly in the area of the first molar. Serves as an attachment of the buccinator muscle. (The red arrows point to the mylohyoid ridge).

facial view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Mylohyoid ridge (internal oblique). Located on the lingual surface of the mandible, extending from the third molar area to the premolar region. Serves as the attachment of the mylohyoid muscle.

lingual view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

facial view

Mandibular (inferior alveolar) canal. Arises at the mandibular foramen on the lingual side of the ramus and passes downward and forward, moving from the lingual side of the mandible in the third molar region to the buccal side of the mandible in the premolar region. Contains the inferior alveolar nerve and vessels.

Dr. Yader Alvarado

lingual view

Submandibular gland fossa. A depression on the lingual side of the mandible below the mylohyoid ridge. The submandibular gland is located in this region. Due to the thinness of bone, the trabecular pattern of the bone is very sparse and results in the area being very radiolucent. The fact that it occurs bilaterally helps to differentiate it from pathology.

Dr. Yader Alvarado

The external oblique ridge (red arrows) and the mylohyoid ridge (blue arrows) usually run parallel with each other, with the external oblique ridge always being higher on the film.

Dr. Yader Alvarado

The mandibular canal (red arrows identify inferior border of canal) usually runs very close to the roots of the molars, especially the third molar. This can be a problem when extracting these teeth. Note the extreme dilaceration (curving) of the roots of the third molar (green arrow) in the film at left. The film at right shows “kissing” impactions located at the superior border of the canal.

Anatomía

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Dr. Yader Alvarado

1.- Septun nasal2.- Cocha nasal inferior3.- Orbita con el canal infraorbitario4.- Borde laterobasal de la cavidad nasal5.- Porcion horizontal del hueso piramidal6.- Seno maxilar7.- Orificio nasal dentro del conducto incisivo8.- Foramen incisivo9.- Espina nasal anterior con la cresta nasal de la maxila10.- Borde de la nariz

Dr. Yader Alvarado

1.- Reborde laterobasal de la cavidad nasal.4.- Borde latero nasal5.- Canal naso palatino6.- Agujero incisivo7.- Efecto de quemado8.- Raiz palatina del # 149.- Cuspide bucal del # 1410.- Cuspide palatina # 1411.- Lobulo anterior del seno maxilar.

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Maxillary Incisor

a = nasal septumb = inferior conchac = nasal fossad = anterior nasal spinee = incisive foramenf = median palatal sutureg = soft tissue of nose

b

a

g

f

edc

Dr. Yader Alvarado

e

f

a = nasal septumb = inferior conchac = nasal fossad = anterior nasal spine

e = incisive foramenf = median palatal suture

b

ad

c

facial view palatal view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Nasal septum

facial view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

a

Inferior concha

facial view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Nasal fossa

facial view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Anterior nasal spine

facial view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Incisive foramen

palatal view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Median palatal suture

palatal view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Soft tissue of the nose

Dr. Yader Alvarado

The red arrows point to the soft tissue of the nose. The green arrows identify the lip line.

Dr. Yader Alvarado

a = floor of nasal fossa

b = maxillary sinus

c = lateral fossa

d = nose

Maxillary Cuspid

d

c

b

a

Dr. Yader Alvarado

a = floor of nasal fossab = maxillary sinusc = lateral fossa

(a & b form inverted Y)

a

cb

a

c

b

facial view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Floor of nasal fossa (red arrows) and anterior border of maxillary sinus (blue arrows), forming the inverted (upside down) Y.

Y

facial view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Lateral fossa. The radiolucency results from a depression above and posterior to the lateral incisor. To help rule out pathology, look for an intact lamina dura surrounding the adjacent teeth.

facial view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

a = malar process

b = sinus septum

c = sinus recess

d = maxillary sinus

a b c

d

Maxillary Premolar

Dr. Yader Alvarado

a = malar processb = sinus recessc = sinus septumd = maxillary sinus

b

a c db

dca

facial view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Malar (zygomatic) process. U or j-shaped radiopacity, often superimposed over the roots of the molars, especially when using the bisecting-angle technique. The red arrows define the lower border of the zygomatic bone.

facial view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Sinus septum. This septum is composed of folds of cortical bone that arise from the floor and walls of the maxillary sinus, extending several millimeters into the sinus. In rare cases, the septum completely divides the sinus into separate compartments.

facial view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Maxillary Sinus. An air-filled cavity lined with mucous membrane. Communicates with nasal cavity through 3-6 mm opening below middle concha. Red arrows point to neurovascular canal containing superior alveolar vessels and nerves.

facial view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Pneumatization. Expansion of sinus wall into surrounding bone, usually in areas where teeth have been lost prematurely. Increases with age.

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Maxillary Molar

a = maxillary tuberosity

b = coronoid process

c = hamular process

d = pterygoid plates

e = zygoma

f = maxillary sinus

fe

dc

ba

Dr. Yader Alvarado

g

d

a

e

f

a = maxillary tuberosity* e = zygoma (dotted lines)b = coronoid process f = maxillary sinusc = hamular process g = sinus recessd = pterygoid plates

* image of impacted third molar superimposed

c

b

facial view

d

b

a

e

c f

g

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Maxillary Tuberosity. The rounded elevation located at the posterior aspect of both sides of the maxilla. Aids in the retention of dentures.

facial view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Coronoid process. A mandibular structure sometimes seen on the maxillary molar periapical film when using the bisecting angle technique with finger retention (The mouth is opened wide, moving the coronoid down and forward). Note the supernumerary molar.

facial view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Hamular process (white arrows) and pterygoid plates (purple arrows). The hamular process is an extension of the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone, positioned just posterior to the maxillary tuberosity.

facial view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Zygomatic (malar) bone/process/arch. The zygomatic bone (white/black arrows) starts in the anterior aspect with the zygomatic process (blue arrow), which has a U-shape. The zygomatic bone extends posteriorly into the zygomatic arch (green arrow).

facial view

Dr. Yader Alvarado

The zygomatic process (green arrows) is a prominent U-shaped radiopacity. Normally the zygomatic bone posterior to this is very dense and radiopaque. In this patient, however, the maxillary sinus has expanded into the zygomatic bone and makes the area more radiolucent (red arrows). The coronoid process (orange arrow), the pterygoid plates (blue arrows) and the maxillary tuberosity (pink arrows) are also identified.

Dr. Yader Alvarado

1.- Bordes orbitario2.- Seno maxilar5.- Fosa Pterigo palatina6.- Hueso cigomatico7.- Linea Innominada8.- Arco cigomatico9.- Condilo10.- Conducto auditivo interno11.- Conducto auditivo externo12.- Radiolucencia causada por la base del craneo

Dr. Yader Alvarado

1.- Seno maxilar, proceso cigomatico2.- Hueso cigomatico3.- Sutura cigomatico temporal4.- Arco cigomatico5.- Proceso coronoide de la mandibula6.- Proceso pterigoide del hueso esfenoidal7.- Tuberosidad del maxilar8.- Fosa pterigo palatina9.- Proceso articual de la mandibula10.- Tuberculo articular del hueso temp.11.- Proceso Estiloide12.- Proceso temporal del hueso cigomatico ( linea innominada )

Dr. Yader Alvarado

1.- Esmalte2.- Area cervical3.- Raiz dental4.- Canal pulpar5.- Espacio del ligamento periodontal6.- Lamina dura7.- Margen vestibular del hueso alveolar8.- Margen palatino del hueso alveolar9.- Apice10.- Punta de la nariz11.- Sutura mediana12.- Agujero incisivo13.- Canal nasopalatino14.- Agujero nasal del canal nasopalat15.- Apertura piriforme16.- Espina nasal anterior17.- Cresta nasal del hueso maxilar18.- Cartilago nasal19.- Introitus nasal

Dr. Yader Alvarado

1.- Cuerpo del cigomatico2.- Proceso cigomatico de la maxila3.- Proceso piramidal del hueso palatino4.- Lamina lateral del proceso pterigoide5.- Hamulus de la lamina medial del proceso pterigoide6.- Piso del seno maxilar7.- Borde laterobasal del seno maxilar8.- Septun del seno9.- Tuberosidad del maxilar10.- Cresta alveolar11.- Proceso coronoide de la mandibula

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Slide # 6

A. The red arrow points to the ?

B. The orange arrow points to the ?

C. The blue arrows point to the radiolucent line known as the ?

Dr. Yader Alvarado

RADIOGRAFIAS

PANORAMICAS

Dr. Yader Alvarado

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1.- Seno Maxilar2.- Fisura Pterigo max3.- Proceso Pterigoide4.- Hamulus

5.- Arco cigomatico6.- Emiencia articular7.- Sutura cigomatico-temporal

8.- Proceso cigamatico9.- C.A.E10.- Proceso mastoideo11.- Fosa craneal media

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12.- Borde lateral de la orbita13.- Reborde infraorb.14.- Agujero infraorb.15.- Canal infraorb.

16.- Fosa nasal17.- Septum nasal18.- E.N.A.

19.- Conchas nasal inferior20.- Foramen incisivo21.- Paladar duro22.- Tuberosidad del maxilar

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23.- Condilo24.- Proceso coronoide25.- Escotadura sigmoide26.- Depresion sigmoidal media

27.- Proceso estiloide28.- Vertebra cervical29.- Linea oblicua externa

30.- Canal mandibular31.- Foramen mandibular32.- Lingula33.- Foramen mentoneano

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34.- Fosa G. Submandibular35.- Linea oblicua interna36.- Fosa Mentoneana37.- Reborde mental

38.- Tuberculo geni39.- Hueso hiode.

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Panoramic Anatomy Key 1. maxillary sinus 2. pterygomaxillary fissure 3. pterygoid plates 4. hamulus 5. zygomatic arch 6. articular eminence 7. zygomaticotemporal suture 8. zygomatic process 9. external auditory meatus10. mastoid process11. middle cranial fossa12. lateral border of the orbit13. infraorbital ridge14. infraorbital foramen15. infraorbital canal16. nasal fossa17. nasal septum18. anterior nasal spine19. inferior concha20. incisive foramen21. hard palate22. maxillary tuberosity23. condyle24. coronoid process

25. sigmoid notch26. medial sigmoid depression27. styloid process28. cervical vertebrae29. external oblique ridge30. mandibular canal31. mandibular foramen32. lingula33. mental foramen34. submandibular gland fossa35. internal oblique ridge36. mental fossa37. mental ridges38. genial tubercles39. hyoid bone40. tongue41. soft palate42. uvula43. posterior pharyngeal wall44. ear lobe45. glossopharyngeal air space46. nasopharyngeal air space47. palatoglossal air space

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Dr. Yader Alvarado

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Dr. Yader Alvarado

Dr. Yader Alvarado

1- Sutura lambdoidea 2- Coronal 3- Bregma 4- Conducto auditivo 5- Lámina basilar 6- Apófisis clinoides posterior 7- Apófisis clinoides anterior 8- Silla turca 9- Atlas 10- Axis11- Mandíbula o maxilar inferior13- Seno esfenoidal 14- Seno frontal 15- Seno maxilar 16- Protuberancia occipital interna

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Huesos propios nasales

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Legend for Fig. 128:1 Saggital suture2 Frontal sinus, with septa3 Cirsta galli with falciform process of cerebrum4 Cribriform lamina of ethmoid bone5 Nasal bone6 Orbit7 Innominate line (of the major ala)8 Minor ala of the sphenoid bone9 Median cranial fossa (borders)10 Optical canal11 Superior orbital fissure12 Infraorbital canal13 Foramen rotundum (round foramen ofsphenoid bone)14 Ethmoid labyrinth15 Osseous nasal septum16 Nasal conchae

Dr. Yader Alvarado

17 Maxillary sinus18 Zygomatic bone19 Frontal process of the zygomatic bone20 Frontal zygomatic suture21 Zygomatic arch22 Zygomaticoalveolar crest23 Condylar process of the mandible24 Coronoid process of the mandible25 Mastoid sinuses26 Petrosal portion of the temporal bone27 Anterior nasal spine28 Posterior nasal spine29 Sphenoidal spine30 Basilar apophysis31 Dorsum of the tongue32 Lateral mass of atlas33 Odontoid bone (dentoid process of axis)

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Dr. Yader Alvarado

Radiografia de Hirtz

Anatomia Esdtes.2012 (1)

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