Anatomi kulit

Diagram kulit manusia

• Proteksi• Tempat pembuatan Vit D• Sensory• Menjaga temperatur• Organ pembuang keringat

Epidermis = protection Dermis = nourishment of epidermis Subcutaneous layer = insulation

Function of each layer:

Thin layer Outermost layer Melanin

Thick layer Lower layer Nerve, blood,

sweat & hair

epidermis dermis

Epithelial Tissue

Connective Tissue

95%keratinocytes CollagenGlycosaminoglycanFibroblast

MelanocytesLangerhansmechanoreceptor

Epidermis

Lipid-enriched lamellar bodies-skin

barrier

corneocytes

keratinocytes

Stratum corneum = outermost layer◦ composed of dead epithelial cells filled with the

protein keratin; Stratum lucidum = translucent layer

cells separating s. corneum from s. granulosum◦ only in thick skin of soles & palms

Stratum granulosum = composed of 3-5 layers of flattened◦ granular cells (filled with keratin)

Layers of epidermis

Stratum spinosum = composed of many layers of rounded cells◦ with large nuclei

Stratum basale = innermost layer◦ directly above basement membrane◦ composed of a single row mitosing cuboidal

epithelial cells◦ composed of melanocytes◦ specialized cells that produce the pigment

melanin

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Corneocytes + intercellular lipids = outermost skin barrier

Intercellular lipids : sphingolipids, free sterols, and free fatty acids

Any disruption in this organization (removal of the coreneocytes or intercellular lipids) results in a barrier defect

epidermis

stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium thickest on the palms and soles Avascular Receiving nutrients by diffusion through the

basement membrane and then the epithelium

Epidermis

Protection (keratin)◦ Moisture loss (waterproof)◦ Injury◦ Microorganisms / chemicals

Function of Epidermis

blood vessels and lymphatic vessels Hemidesmosomes = to attach the

epidermis to dermis immunologic surveillance of the body and

produces a scar if injured

Dermis

Binds epidermis to underlying tissues◦ Nourishment of epidermis◦ Housing epidermal derivatives or accessory

organs

Dermis function

Layer beneath skin Structure = adipose tissue & blood vessels Function = insulation

Subcutaneous Layer function

Thin, so desirable for healing purposes the ready penetration of irritants and

allergens, making product formulation more challenging numerous follicular structures = pores At the base of the pore lies the hair follicle

just below the oily sebaceous gland creating the environment appropriate for

acne “breakouts” = papules, and pus bumps,

known as pustules (after applying in appropriste cosmetics

Facial Skin

facial skin also contains two types of sweat glands, known as eccrine and apocrine glands

Eccrine glands = the sweat glands (maintenance of body temperature)

apocrine gland = unique to each individual

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thinnest skin on the body the most common site of irritant contact

dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis has a paucity of sebaceous glands

Eyelids skin

represent transitional skin between traditional keratinized dry skin and moist mucosal skin

Transitional = complex array of muscles with supporting fat

rich of vascular supply does not have a well-developed stratum corneum Damage to the lip tissue = lose their

characteristic red color hyaluronic acid, are designed to replace the lost

fat

Lips skin

They are washed more than any other body area

devoid of oil glands on the palmar surface stratum corneum of the palm is uniquely

designed to withstand physical trauma, it is not designed to function optimally when wet

palmar surface of the hand has numerous sweat glands = eccrine glands

hand responds to trauma by forming thickened skin, known as a callus.

Hands skin

upper back = the thickest skin due to need to sustain pulling and twisting movements from arm motion

Oil glands <<<

Body skin

Armpit = hair and abundant sweat glands Sweat glands: eccrine and apocrine Apocrine : buttock, scalp, groin Apocrine sweat provides a perfect growth

media for odor producing bacteria

Underarms skin