Anatomi Fisiologi Kardiovaskular 2013
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Transcript of Anatomi Fisiologi Kardiovaskular 2013
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Yani Mulyani, M.Si, Apt
Anatomi Fisiologi Kardiovaskular
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Pengertian sistem kardiovaskular
Sistem peredaran darah atau sistem kardiovaskular adalah suatu sistem organ yang berfungsi memindahkan zat ke dan dari sel.
Cardiovaskuler = jantung dan pembuluh darah
Vaskuler = pembuluh darah
Cardio = jantung
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BERBAGAI KOMPONEN PENYUSUNAN
SISTEM KARDIOVASKULAR
jantung sebagai alat
pompa utama
pembuluh darah
darah
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DARAH
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Composition of blood
Blood transports materials
through out the body inside
blood vessels.
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Cell Type
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Plasma Straw colored, nonliving part
of blood.
90% Water
Helps to regulate body
temperature
Contains Electrolytes
Plasma transports blood cells,
products of digestion and
hormones throughout the
body.
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How much blood is in the human body?
About 5 liters
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250 – 350 mL
How Much Volume for Blood Donor
??
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Erythrocytes
Shaped like round plates
indented in the center.
Have no nucleus
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Questions
Why is blood red?
What does hemoglobin do?
What is the shape of a red blood cell?
How does carbon monoxide poisoning occur?
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Why is blood red?
Blood is red because it
contains hemoglobin and
iron rich pigment.
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What does hemoglobin do
Hemoglobin picks up the
oxygen molecules and
drops off CO2
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Carbon Monoxide
Binds to RBC better than
oxygen.
Not good
Kills us silently
Cant smell it or taste it.
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White Blood Cells
Fight infections
Large in size
Have a nucleus
Phagocyte
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Platelets
Smallest part of blood
No nucleus
Live 2-4 days
Involved in clotting of
blood
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Bone marrow
Makes the cells of the
blood
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Bone marrow is located
inside certain long bones.
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PATOLOGI DARAH
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Anemia
Occurs when the blood
does not have enough
hemoglobin.
Treated by taking in more
iron
Because iron makes up
hemoglobin
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What’s wrong with this picture?
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Sickle Cell Anemia
Genetic disease
Red blood cells become
sickle shape
Cant carry as much oxygen
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Malaria
Disease that attacks the
RBC.
Causes high fever
If you have sickle cell
shaped RBC can not get the
disease.
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Leukemia
Form of cancer in which
the bone marrow makes
too many white blood cells.
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Pemeriksan Yang diukur Harga normal
Hemoglobin Jumlah protein pengangkut oksigen
dalam sel darah merah
Pria:14-16 gram/dL
Wanita:12,5-15 gram/dL
Hematokrit Perbandingan sel darah merah
terhadap volume darah total
Pria:42-50%
Wanita:38-47%
Volume korpuskuler rata-rata Perkiraan volume sel darah
merah 86-98 mikrometer?
Hitung sel darah putih Jumlah sel darah putih dalam
volume darah tertentu 4.500-10.500/mikroL
Hitung sel darah putih
diferensiasi
Persentase jenis sel darah putih
tertentu
Neutrofil bersegmen:34-75%
Neutrofil pita:0-8%
Limfosit:12-50%
Monosit:15%
Eosinofil:0-5%
Basofil:0-3%
Hitung trombosit Jumlah trombosit dalam volume
darah tertentu 140.000-450.000/mikroL
PEMERIKSAAN LABORATORIUM UNTUK DARAH
Hitung jenis sel darah lengkap.
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Blood Types…
There are four different types of blood A, B, AB, O
They are determined by the protein (antigen) found on the RBC
Type A, has protein (antigen) A on the RBC
Type B, has protein (antigen) B on the RBC
Type AB, has both protein (antigen) A and B on the RBC
Type O, has neither protein (antigen) on the RBC
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Type A would have B agglutinins (antibody) in
the plasma.
Type B would have A agglutinins (antibody) in
the plasma.
Type AB would not have agglutinins (antibody)
in the plasma.
Type O would have A and B agglutinins
(antibody) in the plasma.
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Type O is the universal
donor, since it does not
have antigens (proteins) on
the surface of the RBC’s
Type AB is the universal
recipient, since it does not
have agglutinins (antibody)
in its plasma.
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Average Percents…
Type O—46%
Type A—40%
Type B—10%
Type AB—4%
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Rh positive or negative
First found in a monkey
Based on whether it has a antigen (protein) D
Rh+ has the protein, Rh- does not have the protein.
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Anatomi Dan Letak Jantung
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Review Anatomi
Jantung Berat ± 250 – 360 gr
Jantung mrp 2 pompa
Suplay darah (nutrisi) ke
jantung
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Katup Jantung
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Serabut Otot Jantung (Miokard)
Hubungan antar sel otot jantung
membentuk struktur yg disebut
intercalated disc.
Di intercalated disc terdapat 2
macam penghubung: desmosom
(penghubung scr mekanik) & gap
junction (sinaps listrik)
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Faal_KV/ikun/2006 39
Sistem Sirkulasi
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Faal_KV/ikun/2006 40
Sistem Sirkulasi
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Faal_KV/ikun/2006 41
ALIRAN DARAH
ATRIUM
RIGHT
LEFT
ATRIUM
RIGHT
VENTRICLE
LEFT
VENTRICLE Low O2
Blood from
Lower
Body
Low O2 Blood
from Upper Body
High O2 Blood
from Lungs
Low O2 Blood to Lungs
Valves in the
heart are
one-way
only and
stop blood
running
back from
the
ventricles
into the
atria.
AORTA
High O2 Blood to rest of
body
Septum
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Fisiologi Jantung Aktivitas kelistrikan jantung
Peristiwa mekanik jantung
Pengontrolan kerja jantung
Pengontrolan curah jantung
Sirkulasi koronaria
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Aktivitas Kelistrikan Jantung
Jantung memiliki kemampuan membentuk depolarisasi spontan & potensial aksi sendiri Sistem Penghantar Khusus (sel autoritmis)
Sifat sistem penghantar khusus: (1) Otomasi kemampuan menghasilkan impuls scr spontan (2) Ritmis keteraturan membangkitkan impuls (3) Daya penerus kemampuan menghantarkan impuls (4) Peka rangsang kemampuan berespons thd rangsang
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Sistem Penghantar Khusus:
* SA node (pace maker), di dinding atrium ka dkt muara vena cava superior; 70-
80x/mnt
* AV node, di dasar atrium ka dkt sekat atrium-ventrikel; 40-60x/mnt
* Berkas his, berkas dr AV node msk ke septum interventrikel
* Serat purkinje, serat yg menyebar ke miokard ventrikel 20-40x/mnt
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Faal_KV/ikun/2006 45
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Faal_KV/ikun/2006 46
Mekanisme kontraksi Otot Jantung
Pembentukan potensial aksi pd otot jantung kontraktil hampir sama dengan pd otot rangka.
Pada otot jantung, masa refrakter memanjang untuk mencegah terjadinya kontraksi tetanik.
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Faal_KV/ikun/2006 47
Mekanisme Kontraksi & Relaksasi Otot Jantung
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Faal_KV/ikun/2006 48
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ELEKTROKARDIOGRAM (EKG) Dasar
tubuh manusia bersifat sbg konduktor shg memungkinkan
penempatan elektroda di permukaan tubuh dpt merekam
peristiwa listrik di dalam tubuh
EKG mrp penjumlahan aktivitas listrik yg berasal dari semua
sel otot jantung aktif
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Faal_KV/ikun/2006 50
Pemasangan Elektroda EKG
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Interpretasi EKG
Gelombang P: depolarisasi atrium
Gelombang Q: depolarisasi di berkas his
Gelombang R: depolarisasi menyebar dr bgn dalam ke bgn luar dasar ventrikel
Segmen PR: waktu yg dibutuhkan oleh impuls dari SA node ke AV node; terjadi perlambatan AV node
Gelombang S: depolarisasi menyebar naik dr bgn dasar ventrikel
Kompleks QRS: depolarisasi ventrikel
Segmen ST: waktu sejak akhir depolarisasi ventrikel sebelum terjadi repolarisasi (fase plateau); saat tjd kontraksi & pengosongan ventrikel
Gelombang T: repolarisasi atrium
Interval TP: waktu saat terjadinya relaksasi & pengisian ventrikel
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Faal_KV/ikun/2006 54
Peristiwa Mekanik Jantung Peristiwa mekanik jantung (siklus jantung) kontraksi, relaksasi,
& perubahan aliran darah mll jantung; terjadi akibat perubahan ritmis dari aktivitas kelistrikan jantung
Setiap siklus jantung tdd 7 fase: 1. Kontraksi ventrikel isovolumetrik 2. Ejeksi cepat 3. Ejeksi lambat 4. Relaksasi ventrikel isovolumetrik 5. Pengisian ventrikel cepat 6. Pengisian ventrikel lambat 7. Sistol atrium
Sistol ventrikel
Diastol ventrikel
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Faal_KV/ikun/2006 55
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Faal_KV/ikun/2006 56
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Pengontrolan Kerja Jantung
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Pengatuan Tekanan darah
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Pembuluh DARAH
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Flaque… Arterisclerosis
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LOVE your Hearth
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Tugas Membuat Ringkasan Materi dalam Gambar terkait:
1. Jantung dam Fisiologinya
2. Blood and Physiologynya
3. Blood Vessel And Physiologynya
Dibuat dalam bentuk Poster file… Seperti Slide Heart Disease
Per Kelompok ,Dikumpulkan Saat Kuliah Minggu depan.