Anatomi dan Perkecambahan Benih

Oleh: Endah Retno Palupi

Disampaikan dalam Webinar BBPPMBTPH

Pengujian Daya Berkecambah Berdasarkan ISTA

Bogor, 2 Oktober 2020

Definisi

• Perkecambahan benih: muncul dan berkembangnya kecambah

hingga mencapai stadia dengan struktur-struktur penting yang

menunjukkan kemampuan kecambah untuk berkembang menjadi

tanaman yang tumbuh baik dalam kondisi lapang optimum

• Struktur penting kecambah: kombinasi struktur berikut yang

penting untuk perkembangan tanamanSistim perakaran: akar primer dan atau akar sekunder

Poros tunas/shoot axis: hipokotil, epikotil, mesokotil (Poaceae/

Gramineae), pucuk terminal

Kotiledon

Koleoptil (Poaceae/Gramineae)

Benih

Struktur benih - 3 komponen:

1. Kulit benih / testa: Berasal dari integumen dan lapisan lain

2. Poros embrio: akan berkembang menjadi tanaman

3. Cadangan makanan untuk perkecambahan

Struktur Benih Padi

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Olivier_Grandjean/publication/263861743/figure/fig2/AS:294881626603521@14473166

66997/Rice-seed-anatomy-during-germination-sensu-stricto-A-Scheme-of-rice-seed-structure.png

https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/b/single-seed-front-pile-paddy-grain-unmilled-rice-single-

seed-front-pile-paddy-grain-unmilled-rice-white-background-111848575.jpg

koleoptil

plumula

mesokotil

radikula

sku

Perkecambahan Benih Padi

https://www.pnas.org/content/105/34/1

2623/F1.large.jpg

https://live.staticflickr.com/3681/13596658733_bf7ededcf8_h.jpg

koleoptil

radikula

plumula

mesokotil

sku

Also, damage to embryonic structures can be caused by alternating wet and dry events and this can lead to

seedlings of the Poaceae developing split coleoptiles

Struktur benih jagung

endosperma

skutelum

koleoptil

meristem pucuk

radikula

koleorisa

mesokotil

Struktur Benih Kedelai

Perkecambahan Benih Kedelai

https://www.fssystem.com/Portals/0/Images/Resource

%20Center/SoybeanGermination.jpg?ver=2018-02-25-

120044-117

Cucurbitaceae: Mentimun, melon, waluh

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Muhammad_Jaskani/publication/

233532301/figure/fig1/AS:300105539309577@1448562144759/Compariso

n-of-diploid-and-tetraploid-seed-in-watermelon-a-oblong-shape-and-

smooth.png

kot

poros

emb

testa

Cucurbitaceae: Mentimun, melon, waluh

https://www.veggiegardener.com/wp-

content/uploads/2011/04/The-Tiny-Shoots-That-

Appear-Coming-From-the-Seed-Means-They-Are-

Ready-to-Sow.jpg https://ak.picdn.net/shutterstock/videos/1008489883/thumb/4.jpg

Cucurbitaceae: Waluh

https://www.iihr.res.in/sites/default/files/Germination-test%201.jpg

https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1ZFMGKpXXXXXKaX

XXq6xXFXXXN/Chiaki-food-nut-roasted-seeds-and-

nuts-pumpkin-seed-white-melon-seeds-pompion-

500g-bulimic.jpg

https://www.scielo.br/img/revistas/rbs/v33n1/18f03.jpg

TomatCabe

p

Kotiledon

Hipokotil

Endosperma

Radikula

Solanaceae: Cabai dan tomat

Benih Cabai

https://www.scielo.br/img/revistas/rbs/v33n1/18f02.jpg

Perkecambahan: Benih Tomat

https://tomatosphere.letstalkscience.ca/Portals/5/I

mages/Backgrounders/tomato-seeds-germination.jpghttps://m.gardensbythebay.com.sg/content/dam/gbb/stay-

home-with-gb/articles-infographics/ffh-tomato5-1670x940.jpg

Liliaceae: bawang merah

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/IS98ewm2yWq_iDcg46DBHxqZqiL5E6rkHorKqqYdHkRZaESnvkRqIvFylTSBg6VKxrtfdpM2f3DiM3QTK_Kh-OZ-

Wk8JdMWjevCv8sJUU-CPqH5Q

rad

mp

haustorium

kot

end

Convolvulaceae: Kangkung

https://www.elephantos.com/images/morning-

glory-seeds-L.png

kot

rad

mp

hip

kot

hip

rad

mp

Morfology daerah hilum:

A. benih dorman; B. non-dorman;

C. benih 1 jam; D. 3 jam setelah

imbibisi.

BP: Bulge; BPR: bulge scar;

HP: hilum pad; HR: hilar rim;

HS: hilum fissure; MP: micropyle;

R: radicle; RP: raphe;

SL: slit around bulge.

Malvaceae: Okra

https://images-na.ssl-images-

amazon.com/images/I/51ejgd%2BbemL._SX466_.

jpg

https://www.scielo.br/img/revistas/sa/v77

n3//1678-992X-sa-77-03-e20180297-

gf02.jpg

sc

emb

celah

Simpan KN KAb Mati50 HSA

55 HSA

60 HSA

65 HSA

Malvaceae: Okra

https://images-na.ssl-images-

amazon.com/images/I/51ejgd%2BbemL._SX466_

.jpg

https://welbaum.spes.vt.edu/seedproduc

tion/Abelmoschus_esculentus_2.jpg

https://www.researchgate

.net/profile/Muhammad_Y

aseen5/publication/26323

4507/figure/fig1/AS:31945

0218811393@14531742755

86/Germinating-seed-as-

observed-in-a-preliminary-

experiment-on-okra-seed-

under-laboratory_Q320.jpg

Brassicaceae: brokoli, kailan, kubis

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/vWilFo76LyHYzIjQ8AxAMxSmu

he2QQ_rh8bHsVDzJwAtQ6v4w_vSKSoQqJizAbBi0MvvAdKygxJkKy_egiUvVt8

MX7snGBRm55Jxi-4EKw

https://bugwoodcloud.org/images/768x512/5459659.jpg

Perkecambahan Brassicaceae

https://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large-

5/mustard-seeds-germinating-dan-guravich.jpg

https://encrypted-

tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcSrXeEaXDu7dPvOavpeH7VbWL37fDBq

c9QSqg&usqp=CAU

Kecambah Brassicaceae

Benih Amaranthaceae

Excised embryo. ax, hypocotyl-radicle axis;

co, cotyledon; ps, perisperm; ram, root apical meristem.

Benih Amaranthaceae

Perkembangan embrio Amaranthaceae

Kecambah Benih Amaranthus

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