Anaphylaxis
-
Upload
hasan-al-shabaan -
Category
Health & Medicine
-
view
82 -
download
2
Transcript of Anaphylaxis
Learning Objectives• 1/ What is anaphylaxis? And what are its clinical
features?
• 2/ What is the cause of anaphylaxis? And what is its
pathophysiology?
• 3/ First-Aid management of anaphylaxis?
• 4/ Which groups of drugs are used and why?
What is Anaphylaxis• Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening
allergic reaction.
• It can occur within seconds or minutes of exposure
to something you're allergic to, such as the venom
from a bee sting or a peanut.
Clinical features• The most common organ systems involved include
the cutaneous, respiratory, cardiovascular, and
gastrointestinal (GI) systems.
Difficulty breathing DizzinessNausea
swelling of the tongue
Itchinghives
Causes of anaphylaxis• Foods:
• peanuts, seafood, milk
• Medications:
• penicillin, NSAIDs
• Insect stings:
• bees, wasps, ants
• Less common causes:
• Latex
• Exercise
First-Aid management of anaphylaxis
• 1. Seek emergency care
• Call for help
• 2. Inject Epinephrine Immediately
• Inject epinephrine into outer muscle of the thigh.
• 3. Do CPR if the Person Stops Breathing
groups of drugs used• Epinephrine: help maintain blood pressure,
antagonize effects of released mediators, and
prevent further release of mediators.
• Antihistamines (Diphenhydramine, Hydroxyzine):
primarily effective against cutaneous effects of
anaphylaxis.
• H2 Receptor Antagonists (Cimetidine): block effects
of released histamine at H2 receptors, thereby
treating vasodilation.
• Bronchodilators (Albuterol): These agents stimulate
beta2-adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth
muscle, causing bronchodilation.
Summary• Definition of Anaphylaxis
• Clinical features of anaphylaxis
• Pathophysiology of anaphylaxis
• Causes of Anaphylaxis
• First-aid management
• Group of drugs used to treat anaphylaxis