Anaphylactic Shock Ppt
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Transcript of Anaphylactic Shock Ppt
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Oleh:Dr Erica Gilda,Sp An
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An exaggerated response to an allergen that ismediated by a type I hypersensitivity reaction.
The syndrome appears ithin min!tes "olloig expos!re to a
spesi#c antigen in a sensiti$ed person ad characteristicallypresents as ac!te respiratory distress, circ!latory shoc%, or both.
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Anaphylactic reactions againstpolypeptides
Venoms ( hymenoptera, fre ant,snake, jellyfsh )Airbone allergens ( pollen, molds,danders )Foods ( peanutes, milk, egg,seaoods, grain )
Enzymes ( trypsin, streptokinase,chymopapain, asparaginase )eterologous serum ( tetanusantito!in, antilymphocyteglobulin, anti"enin)uman proteins ( insulin,
corticotropin, "asopressin,serum, and seminal proteins)#ate!
Anaphylactic reactions againsthapten carrier
Antibiotics & penicilin, cephalosporins,s!l"onamides'
Disin"ectants ðylene oxide,chlorhexidine '
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The most important o" anaphylaxis are
histamine, le!%otrienes, )*+A, and platelet activating "actor hich increase vasc!larpermeability and contract smooth m!scle.
-+ receptor activation bronchial smooth
m!scle contraction
-+/receptor activation vasodilatation,
enhanced m!c!s secretion, tachycardia, and
increased myocardial contractility
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)*+A cleaves brady%inin "rom %ininogen0brady%inin increases vasc!lar permeability andvasodilatation and contracts smooth m!scle.
Activation o" hageman "actor can initiateintravasc!larcoag!lation in some patients. E12A,312, and le!%otriene )4 attract in5amatory cells thatmediate additional tiss!e in6!ry.
Angiodema o" the pharynx, larynx, and trachea
prod!ce !pper airay obstr!ction, hereasbronchospasm and m!cosal edema res!lt in loerairay obstr!ction
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-istamine may pre"erentially constrict largeairays, herean le!%otrienes primarily a7ectsmaller periphereal airays. Trans!dation o" 5!idin to the s%in &angiodema' and viscera prod!ces
hypovolemia and shoc%, hereas arteriolarvasodilatation dicreases systemic vasc!larresistance.
1oronary hyperper"!sion and hypoxemia
promote arrhytmias and myocardial ischemia.(e!%otriene and prostaglandin mediators may alsoca!se coronary vasospasm.
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$rgan system %igns and symtoms
1ardiovasc!lar -ypotension, tachycardia,arrhytmias
8!lmonary )ronchospasm, co!gh, dyspnea,
p!lmonary edema, laryngealedema, hypoxia
dermatological 9rticaria, "acial edema, pr!rit!s
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Air&ay
. (oo% "or the sign o" airayobstr!cion ¶doxicalchest, abdominal
movements, accessorym!scles o" respiration'
/. Treat airay obstr!ction asan emergency airayopening manoe!vres,s!ction, insertion o" an
oronasopharyngealairay'
;. Give oxygen at highconcentration'
1omplete airayobstr!ctionno
breath so!nds at themo!th or nose.
8artial obstr!ction air entry is diminished
and o"ten noisy.
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'reathing
(oo%, listen, and "eel"or the general sign o"
respiratory distress 1o!nt the respiratory
rate
circulation
(oo% at the colo!rs o" thehands and digits
Assess the limb temperat!re
by "eeling the patients hands
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disability
Assess the patientconscio!s level rapidly
Examine the p!pils >evie entrite the A)1
E!posure
To examine the patientproperly "or expos!re
o" the body isnecessary
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