ANAMBRA STATE GOVERNMENT - NIGERIAdocuments.worldbank.org/curated/en/...ii ii final environmental...

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i FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)

February, 2018

ANAMBRA STATE GOVERNMENT - NIGERIA

Submitted to the

Ministry of Environment, Beautification and Ecology,

Awka – Anambra State

FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)

FOR FEDERAL HIGH COURT - EKWUEME SQUARE

GULLY EROSION SITE

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ii FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)

FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)

FOR

FEDERAL HIGH COURT - EKWUEME SQUARE GULLY EROSION

SITE

AWKA – ANAMBRA STATE

SUBMITTED TO

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, BEAUTIFICATION AND ECOLOGY,

AWKA – ANAMBRA STATE

February, 2018

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iii FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Title Page i

1.1 1.2 Table of Contents iii

List of Tables vi

List of Figures vi

List of Abbreviations vii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY viii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Background/ Overview of NEWMAP in Nigeria 1

1.2 General Description of intervention site 2

1.3 The intervention work (Civil Works) 3

1.4 Need for ESMP for the Proposed Intervention Work 4

1.5 Objectives of this Environmental and Social Management Plan 4

1.6 Approaches for Preparing the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)

5

1.6.1 Desk Review of Relevant Project Working documents 5

1.6.2 Community/ Stakeholders’ Engagement 5

1.6.3 Site visit and Scopin3 5

1.6.4 Identification of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures 6

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 7

2.1 Institutional Framework 7

2.2 Relevant Nigeria Acts and Legislations 8

2.2.1 Anambra State Legislations 9

2.3 World Bank’s Environmental and Social Guidelines 10

2.4 World Bank Safeguards Policies triggered by NEWMAP proposed activity 11

2.5 International Guidelines 12

2.6 Nigeria EIA Guidelines and World Bank EA Guidelines 12

2.7 Making the ESMP Responsive to Good Practice 14

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OF PROPOSED PROJECT SITE

15

3.1 Anambra State 15

3.1.1 Physical Environment 15

3.2 Overview of Awka 17

3.3 Overview of the Project Area 18

3.4 Biophysical Environment of the Gully Erosion Site 20

3.4.1 Physical Environment 20

3.4.2 Biological Environment of Awka 21

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSULTATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS

24

4.1 Socio-Economic Assessment 24

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4.1.1 Gender Distribution of PAPs 24

4.1.2 Relationship to Household Head/ Gender 25

4.1.3 Relationship to Household Head versus Social Group 26

4.1.4 Age Distribution of PAPs 26

4.1.5 Average household size of PAPs 27

4.1.6 Category of PAPs 27

4.1.7 Awareness/ Perception of PAPs on the NEWMAP Intervention 27

4.1.8 Indigeneship 27

4.1.9 Income status of PAPs/ Poverty Level 28

4.2 Secondary Data Collection 29

4.3 Geotechnical Analysis 31

4.3.1 Soil Analysis 31

4.3.2 Water Quality Analysis 32

4.3.3 Noise Level Assessment 33

4.4 Summary of Consultations with relevant Stakeholders and Project Affected Persons

35

4.4.1 Consultative meetings with the SPMU 35

4.4.2 Project Affected Persons (PAPs)/other Stakeholders’ Engagement 35

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS AND ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

37

5.1 Impact Identification and Evaluation 37

5.2 Rating of impacts 38

5.3 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts of the Project 40

5.3.1 The Project Benefits 40

5.3.2 Negative Impacts 40

5.3.3 Irreversible Environmental Changes 41

5.3.4 Cumulative /Secondary Impacts 41

5.3.5 Environmental justice 42

5.4 Analysis of Project Alternatives 47

5.4.1 Rock Lined Chute option 47

5.4.2 Wood Drop Structure option 48

5.4.3 Vegetated Over Fall Structure option 48

5.4.4 Project Alternatives 48

5.5 The Preferred Alternative 50

CHAPTER SIX

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)

51

6.1 Mitigation Measures 51

6.2 Residual Impacts after Mitigation 51

6.3 Enhancement of Positive Impacts and Reduction/Avoidance of Negative Impacts

51

6.4 Environmental and Social Management Plan 53

6.5 Waste Management Plan 63

6.6 Maintenance and Inspection of Treated Gully 63

6.7 Gender Issues 64

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6.8 Environmental Monitoring and Auditing 64

6.8.1 Site Inspection and Monitoring 65

6.8.2 Site Inspection and Maintenance 65

6.8.3 Site Inspection Frequency 66

6.8.4 Vegetation Establishment Monitoring 66

6.8.5 Maintenance Problems 67

6.8.6 Inspection and Maintenance Reports 67

6.8.7 Environmental Monitoring 67

6.9 Reporting Procedure 67

6.9.1 Complaints Register and Environmental Incidents 67

6.9.2 Record keeping 68

6.10 Environmental and Social Impact Mitigation Monitoring Plan 68

6.11 Disclosures and Public Consultation Plan 68

6.12 Institutional Arrangement, Capacity Building & Training 75

6.12.1 Institutional Arrangement 75

6.12.2 Capacity Building & Training 78

6.14 Review and Revision of the ESMP 81

6.15 ESMP Budget and Schedule of Work 82

6.16 ESMP Funding Source 83

6.17 Contractor HSE Offier 83

6.18 ESMP Reporting Obligation 84

CHAPTER SEVEN

7.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 85

REFERENCES 86

8.0 ANNEXES 88

8.1 Terms of Reference for the Preparation of an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)

88

8.2 General Environmental Management Conditions for Construction Contracts

95

8.3 Sample Socio Economic data collection Form 103

8.4 ESMP Disclosure Process 108

8.5 Attendance Sheets for Stakeholders’ Engagement 110

8.6 Minute of meetings during consultation with SPMU, PAPs and other

Stakeholders

110

8.6.1 Minutes of meeting between the Consultants and the PAPs on 11/1/18 110



8.7 PAPs’ Affidavit 113

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LIST OF TABLES

Table Description Page

Table 1.1 Federal High Court – Ekwueme Square Main and Finger Gully Features 2

Table 2.1 Triggered Safeguard Policies 11

Table 3.1 Some common plants found within the project community 22

Table 4-1 Distribution of Households by Type of Housing Unit 29

Table 4-2 Distribution of household by sources of water supply for domestic use 30

Table 4-3 Distribution of Regular Household by Type of Toilet Facilities 30

Table 4-4 Distribution of Regular Household by Type of Cooking Fuel 30

Table 4-5 Distribution of Regular Household Method Solid Waste Disposal 31

Table 4-6 Soil size parameters 31 Table 4-7 Water Analysis Result 32 Table4-8 Ambient Noise levelsatproject Intervention Zone 33

Table 5-1 Likelihood of Occurrence of Impact 38

Table 5-2 The impact assessment matrix 39

Table 5-3 Potential Consequences Classification Matrix 39

Table 5-4 The potential consequence and effects matrix 39

Table 5-5 Degree of significance 40

Table 5.6 Identified Potential Impacts 42 Table 5.7 Gully Treatment Options and scenarios 49 Table 6.1 Environmental and Social Management Plan 53

Table 6.2 Environmental and Social Impact Mitigation Monitoring Plan 68

Table 6.3 Summary of the planned stakeholder engagement schedule 75

Table 6.4 Institutional Responsibilities 76 Table 6.5 Training Modules on Environment and Social Management 79 Table 6.6 ESMP Budget Summary 82 Table 6.7 ESMP Budget and Implementation Schedule 82

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Description Page

Figure 1-1 Proposed Layout for Federal High court – Ekwueme Square Gully Erosion site

3

Figure 3-1 Map of Nigeria Showing Anambra State 15

Figure 3-2 Map of Anambra State Showing Awka South LGA 17

Figure 3-3 Map of Project Area 19

Figure 3-4 Land Use Map of the Project Area 23

Figure 4-1 Gender Distribution of Assessed Community 25

Figure 4-2 Relationship to Household Head/ Gender 25 Figure 4-3 Relationship to Household Head versus Social Group 26

Figure 4-4 Age Distribution of respondents 26

Figure 4-5 Household size 27

Figure 4-6 Indigeneship 28

Figure 4-7 Total Monthly Income/ Poverty Level of respondents 29

Figure 4-8 3D Arial View of the Gully site 34

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS / ACRONYMS

BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand BP Bank Policy CBO Community Based Organization CDD Community Driven Development CSO Community Support Organizations DO Dissolved Oxygen DS Dissolved Solids EA Environmental Assessment EAR Environmental Audit Report ESA Environmentally Sensitive Areas ESIA Environmental & Social Impact Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESSO Environmental and Social Safeguard Officer FGN Federal Government of Nigeria FMEnv Federal Ministry of Environment FPMU Federal Project Management Office FRDP Federal Roads Development Project GIS Geographic Information System HSE Health Safety and Environment IDA International Development Association IPM Integrated Pest Management LB Land Bureau MDAs Ministries, Departments & Agencies MIGA Multilateral Guarantee Agency MOE State Ministry of Environment MOW State Ministry of Works MoH State Ministry of Housing NEWMAP Nigerian Erosion and Watershed Management Project NGO Non-Governmental Organization NS Not Specified OD Operational Directives (of the World Bank) NGO Non-governmental Organization NIWA National Inland Waterways Authority OP Operational Policy PPE Personal Protective Equipment RAP Resettlement Action Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework RRC Road Rehabilitation Contractor SEPA State Environmental Protection Agency SMEnv State Ministry of Environment SPM Suspended Particulate Matter SPMU State Project Management Unit TDS Total Dissolved Solids TOR Terms of Reference TSP Total Suspended Particulate

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project (NEWMAP) is an eight (8) years multi-sectoralproject being implemented by the Federal Government of Nigeria, financed by the World Bank, Global Environment Facility, the Special Climate Change Fund, and the Government of Nigeria. NEWMAP finances activities implemented by States and activities implemented by the Federal government. This intervention is currently being implemented in 7 states, namely Anambra, Abia, Cross River, Edo, Enugu, Ebonyi, and Imo States The lead agency at the Federal level is the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV), Department of Erosion, Flood and Coastal Zone Management. State and local governments, local communities and CSOs are or will be involved in the project, given that the project is a multi-sector operation involving MDAs concerned with water resources management, public works, agriculture, regional and town planning, earth and natural resources information, and disaster risk management. The project development objective of NEWMAP is: to reduce vulnerability to soil erosion in targeted sub watersheds. The Anambra State Government as one of the participating States represented by the State Project Management Unit (SPMU) has selected the Federal High Court-Ekwueme Square gully head as one of the priority sites to rehabilitate and remedy the degraded land. The project area is the Federal High Court - Ekwueme Square gully erosion site. It lies between longitude 06 12 55.9 and 06 14 28 North; and latitude 007 05 004 and 007 04 912 East near the Federal high court / Federal secretariat complex in Umuzuocha, Awka, Anambra State. The proposed intervention works or project shall involve small-sized civil works and use of vegetation for the gullies stabilization, reclamation, protection and reinforcement to stop scouring action of water flow velocity due to exposed soil surface. In the light of the anticipated impacts of the proposed intervention work activities, it was considered necessary to prepare a site specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the proposed intervention work aimed at protecting and minimizing any potential adverse environmental and social impacts in course of work and in the operational life of the intervention work. Existing Policy, Legal and Administrative Frameworks Duty and responsibility for environmental protection and management related to projects in various sectors of Nigerian economy are mandated under:

Current Federal, State and Local relevant acts, rules, regulations and standards, and the common law of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (FRN)

International environmental agreements and treaties ratified by the Federal Republic of Nigeria

World Bank Policies

Amongst the existing pieces of legislations there are a number of national and international environmental guidelines applicable to the proposed project with regard to both environmental and social concerns. Some of these extent legal and policies frameworks include:

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act Cap 131 LFN 1992

National Environmental Standards and Regulatory Enforcement Agency Act No 25 of 2007

Sectoral EIA Guidelines

Nigerian Urban and Regional Planning Law No 88 of 1992

Land Use Act Cap 202 LFN 1990; and

Several other international policies including the World bank Safeguard Policies

To make the ESMP responsive to the objectives of good practice as required by the Nigerian government and the World Bank, the relevant Nigerian EIA/EA requirements and World Bank Operational Procedures were harmonized. It is especially made responsive with the consideration and inclusion of the followings:

Early consideration of environmental and social issues;

Identification and early consultation with stakeholders;

Prevention of adverse impacts through the consideration of feasible alternatives; and

Incorporation of mitigation measures into planning and design.

Strengthening the framework for the systematic management of environmental responsibilities, impacts and risks.

The Intervention Work Activities The project activities for this gully erosion site will consist of:

Reclamation of the gullies by filling with imported laterite and compacting

Construction of roads leading to the gully heads which serves as drain channels that lead the storm water and also adequately design drainages that will channel the water to collector drains at the gully head.

Construction of suitable sized and aligned collector drains at the gully head to lead the storm waters into drop structures to be constructed.

Easing of the sides to stable slopes in sections where space permits.

Construction of other components such as concrete stepped channel, chute channel and stilling basin.

Construction of check dams

Construction of reinforced precast concrete pipe culverts Biophysical Environment and Socio Economics Gully erosions are reinforced by human activities leading to further degradation of the environment. It is a geomorphic process which occurs only when a threshold in terms of rainfall, topography, flow of hydraulics, nature of vegetation, nature of soil and land use and capability have been exceeded. Essentially, to this end, the relevant biophysical environmental baseline conditions were captured and described, as presented in CHAPTER 3 of this ESMP. This provides the context upon which the proposed intervention activities were related to the environment to identify the impacts and develop the necessary mitigation measures.

Being a non residential area, only ten PAPs were identified.

The Project Benefits The major benefits will occur in the form of improved erosion management and gully rehabilitation which will provide for:

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Reduced loss of infrastructure including roads, houses, etc.

Reduced loss of agricultural land and productivity from soil loss caused by surface erosion.

Reduced siltation in river leading to less flooding and the preservation of the water systems for improved access to domestic water supply.

Reduced risks of floods (due to reduced siltation)

Progressively restored vegetative cover, improved environmental conditions and more humid local microclimates. This results in increased vegetation cover for wildlife and carbon sequestration.

Environmental improvements due to land stabilization measures which preserve the landscape and biodiversity.

The Project Negative Impacts The proposed development unfortunately is also likely to exert adverse impacts on the social and physical environment within which it is executed. These impacts can be divided into short-term construction related impacts and long-term operation unavoidable impacts. The short-term impacts include construction traffic, dust, construction related noise, siltation of the downstream river, etc. A more project specific potential negative impacts and the level of impacts that could emanate from the intervention work are presented in relevant Section of this ESMP. Mitigation Measures A priority in project planning and design is to avoid potential negative environmental and social impacts. For instance, in the design and selection of site, work methods, equipment, for the project, etc. negative impacts are as much as possible mitigated. Nevertheless, some of the impacts could require additional measures and others will require sound operational procedures. Provisions have been made for this in the entire arrangement of the project for impacts that are unavoidable to be mitigated. The mitigation measures and the general Environmental code of Conduct have been developed which shall be integrated into the project design and tender documents. Using this approach, the mitigation measures and code of conduct as contained in the report will automatically become part of the project construction and operation phase. By including mitigation measures in the contract or in specific items in the Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation (BEME), monitoring and supervision, mitigation measures implementation shall be covered under the normal engineering supervision provisions of the contract. ESMP Implementation and Management The successful implementation of the ESMP depends on the commitment of the sector and related institutions, and the capacity within the institutions to apply or use this ESMP effectively, and the appropriate and functional institutional arrangements, among others. Hence these key ESMP areas relevant to its successful implementation were included in the ESMP, namely: institutional arrangements, capacity building, environmental and social monitoring. In order to effectively and efficiently implement this ESMP, a system for monitoring and auditing has been built into the overall management plan. Monitoring and auditing assist in the examination of management, employee knowledge, programme responsibilities, records & effectiveness. The Environmental monitoring activities shall be based on direct or indirect indicators of discharge to

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the environment and resource use applicable to the project. Monitoring frequency shall be sufficient to provide representative data for the parameter being monitored. Monitoring shall be conducted by trained individuals who can carry out the monitoring and record-keeping effectively using properly calibrated and maintained equipment. Monitoring data shall be analyzed and reviewed at regular intervals and compared with the operating standards so that any necessary corrective actions can be taken. As part of monitoring programme, visual inspections and quality monitoring for light attenuation will be conducted daily, for instance. Stakeholders and their Concerns The key stakeholders identified and consulted in the area include leaders in the communities, individual people who own properties that will be directly or indirectly affected, and business owners, etc. At the meeting, the overview of the proposed project and appreciation of ESMP were presented. Furthermore, the challenges that could impede the implementation of the project and the support needed from all parties to ensure effective project and successful implementation were also discussed with the stakeholders. A summary of stakeholder perceptions, concerns and how these concerns were addressed is shown in Box a below with more details of the public consultation in Chapter 7. Budget ESMPs have associated costs. Thus to effectively implement the environmental and social management measures necessary budgetary provisions shall be made for this ESMP. The Budgets for the ESMP include the environmental management costs other than the good engineering practices, cost of environmental and resettlement monitoring. All administrative costs for implementing the ESMP shall be budgeted for as part of the project costing. The cost of each measure have been estimated and included in the overall ESMP budget as indicated

in Table 6.6 to be ₦ N5,775,000.00 (Five million, Seven hundred and Seventy Five thousand Naira only). The key elements of the implementation schedule are shown in the Table 6.7. Disclosure This ESMP has been prepared in consultation with the relevant stakeholders. Copies of this ESMP that have been prepared for the project shall be made available to the public by SPMU in the various relevant local government councils, State Ministries of Environment and other stakeholders as well as the Federal Ministry of Environment. All reasonable efforts must also be made to disclose/display them to the public at strategic points within the project’s areas of influence so as to allow all stakeholders to read and understand how their environment stand to be impacted by the project. SPMU will also disclose this ESMP electronically through the World Bank Info Shop.

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CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background/ Overview of NEWMAP in Nigeria

Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project (NEWMAP) is an eight (8) years multi-

sectoralproject being implemented by the Federal Government of Nigeria, financed by the World

Bank, Global Environment Facility, the Special Climate Change Fund, and the Government of

Nigeria. NEWMAP finances activities implemented by States and activities implemented by the

Federal government. This intervention is currently being implemented in 7 states, namely Anambra,

Abia, Cross River, Edo, Enugu, Ebonyi and Imo States

The Project Development Objective (PDO) of the NEWMAP is to reduce vulnerability to soil

erosion in targeted sub watersheds. It seeks to improve erosion management and gully rehabilitation;

increase incomes for rural households from improved agricultural and forest practices through the

use of conservation agriculture, agroforestry, natural regeneration, etc.; and gain efficiency in public

administration and public spending through improved knowledge base, analytical tools, multi-

sectoral coordination and stakeholder dialogue.

NEWMAP involves many Federal and State Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs), local

governments, communities, and civil society. Effective implementation requires inter- ministerial

and inter-state coordination, collaboration, and information sharing. Each component, sub-

component and activity will be implemented through relevant Federal and State MDAs. The various

MDAs include those responsible for planning, economy and finance, works, agriculture, water

resources, forests, transport, power, emergency response, as well as those focused on climate and

hydrological information or catchment/ basin regulation. Most of NEWMAP’s investments will be

made at the State level, as States have primary responsibility for land management and land

allocations.

The project area is the Federal High Court - Ekwueme Square gully erosion site. It lies between

longitude 06 12 55.9 and 06 14 28 North; and latitude 007 05 004 and 007 04 912 East near the

Federal high court / Federal secretariat complex in Umuzuocha, Awka, Anambra State.

The proposed intervention works shall involve small-sized civil works and use of vegetation for the

gullies stabilization, reclamation, protection and reinforcement to stop scouring action of flow

velocity due to exposed soil surface.

In the light of the anticipated impacts of the proposed intervention work activities, it was considered

expedient and necessary to prepare a site specific Environmental and Social Management Plan

(ESMP) for the proposed intervention work which is directed at protecting and minimizing any

potential adverse environmental and social impacts.

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1.2 General Description of Intervention Site

The Federal High Court – Ekwueme Square gully erosion site has several separate gullies, each

draining adjacent catchment into Imo-Awka River. The gullies are named as Main Gully and Gully

Finger. The gullies cover about 0.32 and

0.05km of length respectively. The main gully

starts around HS-1 and traverses downstream

towards HS-3 (End of intervention) and gully

finger starts at HS-2 by the side of Judiciary

Road and traverses the main gully and

intersects at mid point. On the other side of the

Federal High Court building, two new gullies

are developing threatening the surrounding

property. These gullies started at HS-4 and HS-

5 and propagate downstream away from

Federal High court building. All gullies originated from the road side drains and culverts near the

High court.

The gully is advancing both upstream and laterally along the entire section. This needs an urgent

intervention to stop the gully from developing and endangering the surrounding community

properties particularly the High court building, High court road and electrical transformer. The

Federal High Court – Ekwueme Square gully erosion site has developed partly due to the erosion

from road side drainage and improper connection of road side drainage with the main drainage

trunk.

The gully has depths that reach up to 16m depth. The width of the gully varies from 20m at

shallower areas to 50m at the deeper sections. The shape of the gully is generally V-shape gully at the

head and middle with a side slope ranging from 30o to 70o. In the main and finger gullies, erosion is

so active that it destroyed the whole road and is encroaching into Federal High court Accordingly,

necessary Palliative erosion control measures are provided along for both main and finger gullies.

While for the other gullies on the left side, there shall be a diversion drainage canal that follows the

High court road. The layout of proposed intervention measures for Federal High court – Ekwueme

Square gully erosion site is shown in Figure 1-1.

Table 1-1: Federal High Court – Ekwueme Square Main and Finger Gully Features

Description Length (m) Main features of work

Main Gully 320 Concrete canal, back fill and bank protection (First

Priority).

Finger Gully 55 Concrete canal, back fill and bank protection (First

Priority).

High Court Road 313 Concrete canal and back fill (Second Priority).

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The section briefly describes the methodology followed in design of Palliative erosion control works

including hydraulic and structural analysis. The structures presented in Table 1-1 are designed

hydraulically, the general layout in Figure 1-1 shows the location of each gully and its associated

hydraulic structures.

Figure 1-1: Proposed Layout for Federal High court – Ekwueme Square Gully Erosion Site

1.3 The intervention work (Civil Works)

Based on feasibility reports and relevant engineering concepts for the planned rehabilitation of the

Federal High Court - Ekwueme Square gully erosion site, the following components will be carried out

in the reclamation of the degraded land;

Reclamation of the gullies by filling with imported laterite and compacting

Construction of roads leading to the gully heads which serves as drain channels that lead the

storm water and also adequately design drainages that will channel the water to collector drains

at the gully head.

Construction of suitable sized and aligned collector drains at the gully head to lead the storm

waters into drop structures to be constructed.

Easing of the sides to stable slopes in sections where space permits.

Construction of other components such as concrete stepped channel, chute channel and

stilling basin.

Construction of check dams

Construction of reinforced precast concrete pipe culverts

Revegetation of the gully catchment

These are detailed in the Engineering report for the site prepared by an individual consultant

4


1.4 Need for ESMP for the Proposed Intervention Work

By design, the proposed intervention works shall involve small-sized civil works and use of

vegetation for the gullies stabilization, reclamation, protection and reinforcement to stop scouring

action of flow velocity due to exposed soil surface.

To this end, this proposed project intervention activity triggers World Bank (WB)’ s Operational

Policy, Environmental Assessment OP4.01 and Involuntary Resettlement OP4.12. In order to

develop site specific, costed, measurable, and monitorable actions for the intervention site it became

necessary to prepare this Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP). The ESMP mainly

consist mitigation, monitoring, and institutional measures to be undertaken during implementation

and maintenance of the intervention work to eliminate adverse environmental and social impacts,

offset them, or reduce them to acceptable levels.

It should be noted that parallel to this ESMP, a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), has been prepared

to manage issues of involuntary resettlement or displacement that could result from implementation

of the intervention work.

Also, during the preparatory stage of the project, two national instruments, a Resettlement Policy

Framework (RPF) which provides guidance for the mitigation and compensation of adverse social

impacts and an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) which provides

guidance on how general environmental and social impacts arising from these will be managed had

been prepared. The ESMP and the RAP provides the specific actionable elements of these national

instruments.

1.5 Objectives of this Environmental and Social Management Plan

The overall aim of this ESMP is to document the actions necessary to prevent or minimize predicted

negative impacts as well as provide a framework for systematic managing of the responsibilities

associated with the works.

Specifically, this ESMP is designed to ensure the following:

Compliance with relevant legislative requirements;

Achievement, enhancement and demonstration of sound environmental performance built

around the principle of continuous improvement;

Provision of standards for overall planning, operation, audit and review;

Encouragement and achievement of the highest environmental performance and response

from individual employee and contractors;

Rationalizing and streamline environmental activities to add value in term of efficiency and

effectiveness;

Enabling management to establish environment priorities;

Integrating environment fully into the various activities of the proposed project and ensuring

inclusion of environmental requirements into tender documents, continuing management

and evaluation of the environmental performance of the project.

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Providing detailed design criteria for specific mitigation measures to be implemented.

Tracking to ensure the effectiveness of the mitigation measures at meeting the discharge

standards.

Specifying appropriate roles and responsibilities, and outline the necessary reporting

procedures, for managing and monitoring environmental and social concerns related to

projects.

1.6 Approaches for Preparing the Environmental and Social Management Plan

(ESMP)

The main approach for preparing the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) include

the following:

1.6.1 Desk Review of Relevant Project Working documents

Relevant project working documents such as the PAD, PIM, ESMF, RPF and applicable World

Bank policy documents including the Environmental Assessment OP4.01, Natural Habitats OP4.04,

Physical and Cultural resources OP4.11 and Involuntary Resettlement OP4.12 are being reviewed.

1.6.2 Community/ Stakeholders’ Engagement

The predominant land use here is basically administrative due to the presence of office complexes

(secretariat) and a high court that serves judicial purposes. This reveals that the project site is not

residential, having few farmlands. As such interaction with Project Affected Persons (PAPs) has

commenced with farmland verification. 10 PAPs (4 males and 6 females) were identified.

1.6.3 Site visit and Scoping

Field visits were made to the intervention site, and in particular the sub-watershed as delimited in the

given gully stabilization design. Particular interest was paid to the proposed civil engineering designs,

vegetative land management measures and other activities aimed at reducing or managing runoff

that would be carried out within the sub-watershed. With this in mind, the natural resources and

infrastructure that could be potentially affected during project implementation and operation were

identified and assess. Based in this the management strategies needed to ensure that environmental

risks are appropriately mitigated have been designed for the intervention work.

The various sites were visited with a view to gathering information on the baseline environmental

conditions, institutional arrangement, capacity, etc. in relation to the project implementation.

The field work informed the preparation of the existing conditions and any anticipated

changes before the start of the sub-projects. Attention was paid to the physical environment (i.e.

topography, geology climate and meteorology, surface water hydrology); biological environment (i.e.

Flora types and diversity, rare and endangered species within or adjacent to projects intervention

sites, including wetlands, sensitive habitats); and socio-economic and cultural environment, such as

population, land use, planned development activities, community structure, employment and labour

market, sources and distribution of income, cultural properties – such as historical and

archaeological significant sites, indigenous people, and traditional tribal lands and customs).

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1.6.4 Identification of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures

The potential impacts were identified through generic and specific assessment of the sites for

anticipated changes that could result in the light of the socio-environmental conditions (project-

environment interactions)

Mitigation measures have been proffered to either eliminate or minimize adverse environmental and

social impacts of specific actions, projects or programs while also enhancing positive effects. The

approach to mitigation has been primarily preventive principles of anticipated impacts based on

well-known negative outcomes of project-environment interactions.

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CHAPTER TWO

2.0 POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

This section covers Nigeria’s legislative and World Bank Safeguards Policy requirements for

environmental protection. The essence of the consideration of this legal aspect is to show the

commitment of the intervention work to meeting the set standards and guidelines. It should be

noted that a number of the national and international environmental guidelines applicable to the

operation of the NEWMAP will be discussed in this chapter of the ESMF prepared for Anambra

State Ministry of Environment, Beautification and Ecology. Thus cross references can easily be

made to the ESMF. Nevertheless, to show the level of commitment of this intervention work to the

overall policy, legal and regulatory framework some these and those not previously presented have

been highlighted in this Section.

2.1 Institutional Framework

As mentioned in the introduction above, the relevant national and international policies, protocols,

regulatory and administrative framework related to the interventions works have already been

treated exhaustively in the precursor document, ESMF. So cross reference should be made to

detailed analyses of this Section.

Suffice it to say that the National Policy on Environment, 1989 (revised 1999), provides for “a viable

national mechanism for cooperation, coordination and regular consultation, as well as harmonious management of the

policy formulation and implementation process which requires the establishment of effective institutions and linkages

within and among the various tiers of government – Federal, State and Local Government”.

The Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV) was Set up by Presidential Directive No. Ref.

No. SGF.6/S.221 of October 12, 1999 and empowered to regulate all environmental matters in

order to protect enhance and preserve the Nigerian environment. And in response to its mandate

the Ministry has developed far reaching legal reference instruments for achieving environmentally

sound management of resources and sustainable development across all major sectors of the

economy and supervises the activities of a number of Agencies with one directly having a bearing on

the proposed intervention activities, namely: National Environmental Standards and

Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA)

The National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) [with

Gazette No. 92, Vol. 94 of 31st July, 2007 with responsibility for the protection and development of

the environment, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development of Nigeria’s natural

resources in general and environmental technology, including coordination and liaison with relevant

stakeholders within and outside Nigeria on matters of enforcement of environmental standards,

regulations, rules, laws, policies and guidelines.

8


Each State of the Federation has an Environment Ministry/EPA that is charged with the

responsibility of providing de cent, orderly and reasonable conducive environment for habitable

society, as contained in the assignments of Ministerial responsibilities.

Inter alia, the Ministry of Environment in the State is empowered to give direction to all issues

concerning the environment; monitor and control pollution and the disposal of solid, gaseous and

liquid wastes generated by various facilities in the state. Some of the functions of the State Ministry

of Environment include:

(i) Liaising with the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV) to achieve a healthy or

better management of the environment via development of National Policy on

Environment

(ii) Co-operating with FMENV and other National Directorates/Agencies in the

performance of environmental functions including environmental

education/awareness to the citizenry

(iii) Responsibility for monitoring waste management standards,

(iv) Responsibility for general environmental matters in the State, and

(v) Monitoring the implementation of EIA studies and other environmental studies for

all development projects in the State.

The Local Government Councils, without any specific laws on environmental management are

charged with the following responsibilities, inter alia:

Co-ordinating the activities of Local Government Council;

Maintenance of Law and Order in collaboration with Law Enforcement Agencies;

Collection of taxes and fees;

Establishment and maintenance of cemeteries, burial grounds and homes for the destitute or

infirm

Construction and maintenance of roads, streets, drains and other public highways, parks, and

open spaces;

Naming of roads and streets and numbering of houses;

Provision and maintenance of public transportation and refuse disposal;

2.2 Policies and Legal Instruments

Duty and responsibility for environmental protection and management related to projects in various

sectors of Nigerian economy are mandated under:

Current Federal, State and Local and relevant acts, rules, regulations and standards, and the

common law of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (FRN)

International environmental agreements and treaties ratified by the Federal Republic of

Nigeria

World Bank Safeguard Policies, especially those supported by the Bank

9


All these have been treated in the ESMF. Nevertheless, since the intervention is now more

or like at the State level, consideration has been given to this aspect at that level.

2.2.1 Anambra State Legislations

Some of the functions of the State Ministries of Environment include:

Liaising with the Federal Ministry of Environment, FMENV to achieve a healthy or better

management of the environment via development of National Policy on Environment

Co-operating with FMENV and other National Directorates/Agencies in the performance

of environmental functions including environmental education/awareness to the citizenry

Responsibility for monitoring waste management standards,

Responsibility for general environmental matters in the State, and

Monitoring the implementation of ESIA studies and other environmental studies for all

development projects in the State.

Some laws in the state include:

Anambra State Policy on Environment (2010)

This policy emphasizes state government efforts to sustainable management of the Anambra

environment with regards to Erosion control. The state government commits to:

Seek the intervention of the Federal Government of Nigeria and relevant partner agencies in

the control of Erosion, to compliment the effort of the state.

Sensitize communities on erosion control efforts.

Procure necessary refuse disposal equipment like trucks, pay loaders, giant bins, etc.

Involve households, communities, local governments and states in the joint clearance of

drainages.

Sensitization of households on waste disposal practices and management.

Sponsor relevant environmental bills to the state assembly for enactment.

Involve LGAs, communities, and civil society organizations (CSOs) in the enforcement of

environmental laws.

Embark on aggressive afforestation programmes involving LGAs, communities and civil

society organizations (CSOs) in the state.

Anambra State Flood and Erosion Control Management Support System (2010)

This policy is to promote sustainable land use management by minimizing soil erosion and flooding

hazards; achieving this through reducing soil exposure to rainstorms; reduction of surface run-offs

and paved surfaces and restoration of degraded land mass.

Anambra Riverine Area Management Policy (2010)

This policy is to minimize riverine erosion and other forms of riverine degradation such as riverbank

failures, landslides and alluvial deposits.

Anambra State Watershed Management Policy (2010)

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This policy enables the commencement of co-ordinated/holistic/integrated management of natural

resources: Land, water, vegetation, etc. on a watershed basis to ensure resource conservation

through the minimization of land and soil degradation and maintenance of water quality and yield

for environmental sustainability.

Anambra State Flood and Erosion Control Management Support System (2010)

This policy aims at supporting a reliable up-to-date database and integrated management system as

tools to support all erosion and control programs.

Anambra State Waste Management Agency (Establishment) Act 2010

This law focuses on the protection of the rural and urban environment in the Anambra state. It was

made to support the observation of a sanitation day being the last Saturday of every month. This act

gives the agency power to manage solid waste in the state by selection and provision of disposal

points as well as bins. They also monitor the observance of sanitation day’s thereby punishing

defaulters. This agency will play a very important role in sustainability of the project as their

involvement will help provide disposal facilities/options to residents in the project area thereby

preventing them from disposal of refuse in the gully.

Anambra-Imo River Basin Development Authority

Anambra-Imo River Basin Development Authority is a Federal Government Parastatal under the

Ministry of Water resources. It is one of the 12 River Basin Development Authorities established in

1976 by Decree Number 25 and amended by Decree No 35 of 1987. The function of the AIRBDA

is towards the development of water resources potentials of the states and to effectively and

efficiently manage water resources by harnessing and conserving surface and underground water.

2.3 World Bank’s Environmental and Social Guidelines

The World Bank's environmental and social safeguard policies are a cornerstone of its support to

sustainable poverty reduction. The objective of these policies is to prevent and mitigate undue harm

to people and their environment in the development process. These policies provide guidelines for

bank and borrower staffs in the identification, preparation, and implementation of programs and

projects. The effectiveness and development impact of projects and programs supported by the

Bank has substantially increased as a result of attention to these policies. Safeguard policies have

often provided a platform for the participation of stakeholders in project design, and have been an

important instrument for building ownership among local populations.

The World Bank has 10+ 2 Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies to reduce or eliminate the

adverse effects of development projects, and improve decision making (Box 1). Appendix 1

summarizes these WB Safeguard Policies.

The World Bank's environmental and social safeguard policies are a cornerstone of its support to

sustainable poverty reduction. The objective of these policies is to prevent and mitigate undue harm

to people and their environment in the development process. These policies provide guidelines for

11


bank and borrower staff in the identification, preparation, and implementation of programs and

projects.

The Bank requires environmental assessment (EA) and Social Assessment of projects proposed for

Bank financing to help ensure that they are both socially and environmentally sound and sustainable,

and thus to improve decision making. The World Bank's environmental assessment policy and

recommended processing are described in Operational Policy (OP)/Bank Procedure (BP) 4.01:

Environmental Assessment.

2.4 World Bank Safeguards Policies triggered by NEWMAP proposed activity

The World Bank has 10+ 2 Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies to reduce or eliminate the

adverse effects of development projects, and improve decision.

Of these Safeguard Policies, the intervention work at the proposed site triggers Environmental

Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) and Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) as indicated in Table 2.1. Table 2.1: Triggered Safeguard Policies

Safeguard Policies

Triggered by NEWMAP?

Triggered by Site-specific Project?

Applicability to Project due to

How Project Address Policy Requirements Yes No Yes No

Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01)

[√] [ ] [√] [ ] Civil works with site-specific impacts

ESMF prepared for NEWMAP & site specific mitigation measures developed in this ESMP

Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04)

[√] [] [ ] [√] NA* NA

Pest Management (OP 4.09)

[√] [] [ ] [√] NA NA

Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11)

[√] [] [ ] [√] NA NA

Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12)

[√] [ ] [√] [ ] Restriction of access to sources of livelihoods.

RPF prepared for NEWMAP & a standalone ARAP spells out site specific issues to be addressed & how.

Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10)

[ ] [√] [ ] [√] NA NA

Forests (OP/BP 4.36)

[√] [] [ ] [√] NA NA

Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37)

[√] [] [ ] [√] NA NA

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Safeguard Policies

Triggered by NEWMAP?

Triggered by Site-specific Project?

Applicability to Project due to

How Project Address Policy Requirements Yes No Yes No

Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP 7.60)*

[ ] [√] [ ] [√] NA NA

Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50)

[√] [] [ ] [√] NA NA

*NA= Not Applicable

2.5 International Guidelines

International Development Partners/Agencies such as World Bank and other financial

organizations interested in development projects recognize this highly especially in development

that result in involuntary resettlement. It is against this background that policies and guidelines

have been set for managing such issues.

Nigeria is signatory to some international agreements and Protocols concerning the environment.

Those identified and stated in the ESMF developed for NEWMAP include:

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Guidelines

Convention of Biological Diversity

Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and National Heritage Sites

(World Heritage Convention)

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992)

The World Bank policies on Environmental Assessment will be applied in any sub-project of the

NEWMAP that may impact on the integrity of the environment.

WherethereisconflictbetweennationallegislationandWorldBankOperationalPolicies, the latter policies

shall prevail.

2.6 The National (Nigeria) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act 1992

The Environmental Impact Assessment Act No. 86, 1992 (FMEnv) provides the guidelines for activities of development projects for which EIA is mandatory in Nigeria. The Act also stipulates the minimum content of an EIA and is intended to inform and assist proponents in conducting EIA studies as well as a schedule of projects, which require mandatory EIAs. According to these guidelines:

Category I projects will require a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).

Category II projects may require only a partial EIA, which will focus on mitigation and Environmental planning measures, unless the project is located near an environmentally sensitive area--in which case a full EIA is required.

Category III projects are considered to have “essentially beneficial impacts” on the environment, for which the Federal Ministry of the Environment will prepare an Environmental Impact Statement.

13


2.7 Nigeria EIA Guidelines and World Bank EA Guidelines

The Environmental Impact Assessment Act No. 86 (Decree No. 86) of 1992 requires that

developmental projects be screened for their potential impact. Guidelines issued in 1995 by the

former Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) direct the screening process.

According to these guidelines:

Category I projects will require a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).

Category II projects may require only a partial EIA, which will focus on mitigation and

Environmental planning measures, unless the project is located near an environmentally sensitive

area--in which case a full EIA is required.

Category III projects are considered to have “essentially beneficial impacts” on the environment,

for which the Federal Ministry of the Environment will prepare an Environmental Impact

Statement.

With regard to environmental assessment, the Bank has also categorized projects based on the type

of EA required, namely:

Category A - projects are those whose impacts are sensitive, diverse, unprecedented, felt beyond the

immediate project environment and are potentially irreversible over the long term. Such projects

require full EA.

Category B - projects involve site specific and immediate project environment interactions, do not

significantly affect human populations, do not significantly alter natural systems and resources, do

not consume much natural resources (e.g., ground water) and have adverse impacts that are not

sensitive, diverse, unprecedented and are mostly reversible. Category B projects will require partial

EA, and Environmental and Social Management Plans.

Category C - Projects are mostly benign and are likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental

impacts. Beyond screening, no further EA action is required for a Category C project, although

some may require environmental and social action plans.

Category FI - A proposed project is classified as Category FI if it involves investment of Bank

funds through a financial intermediary, in subprojects that may result in adverse environmental

impacts.

This World Bank categorization (A, B, & C) corresponds in principle with the Nigeria EIA

requirements of Category I, II and III, which in actual practice is done with regard to the level of

impacts associated with a given project. However, in the event of divergence between the two, the

World Bank safeguard policy shall take precedence over Nigeria EA laws, guidelines and or

standards.

Thus for this ESMP, the Nigeria’s EIA requirements and World Bank operational procedures were

14


harmonized as far as possible, hence it is made responsive to the objectives of good practice. It is

especially made responsive with regard to the followings:

Early consideration of environmental and social issues

Identification and early consultation with stakeholders

Prevention of adverse impacts through the consideration of feasible alternatives; and

Incorporation of mitigation measures into planning and (engineering) design.

The World Bank provides a number of operational and safeguards policies, which aim to prevent

and mitigate undue harm to people and their environment in any development initiative involving

the Bank. The Nigerian EIA Act and the World Bank safeguard policies are similar. OP.4.01 and

Nigerian EIA Act are also similar. World Bank EA Screening Category A is similar to Nigerian EIA

Act category I, World Bank EA Category B is equivalent to Nigeria EIA Act Category II, World

Bank EA Category C is equivalent Nigeria EIA Act Category III. However in the event of

divergence between World Bank safeguard policies and the Existing Environmental laws in Nigeria

the more stringent requirement will take precedence.

2.8 Making the ESMP Responsive to Good Practice

This ESMP is seen as being responsive to the objectives of good practice, which must be abided

with in the course of the intervention work. This is because the ESMP is prepared in compliance

with existing Federal, State and local laws of Nigeria as well as the World Bank’s Environmental and

Social Management Framework (ESMF) safeguards instruments prepared for NEWMAP at the

preparatory stage.

Specifically, the Nigeria’s EIA requirements and World Bank operational procedures were

harmonized as far as possible; hence it is made responsive to the objectives of good practice. It is

especially made responsive with regard to the followings: Early consideration of environmental and

social issues (starting at the screening stage); Identification and early consultation with stakeholders;

Prevention of adverse impacts through the consideration of feasible alternatives; and Incorporation

of mitigation measures into planning and (engineering) design.

Thus this ESMP is seen to be a good guide to drive the sustainability of the intervention work, in

addition to other instruments that have been prepared for it, with a view to avoiding and mitigating

adverse impacts.

15


CHAPTER THREE

3.0 BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OF PROPOSED PROJECT SITE

3.1 Anambra State

Anambra State is located within the south eastern zone of Nigeria with land mass of over 4120 sq.

km and a population of 4,055,048 (2006 Census). The state is situated on a low elevation on the

eastern side of the River Niger and shares boundaries with Kogi, Enugu, Imo, Abia, Delta, Rivers

and Edo states.

The twenty-one (21) Local Government Areas in Anambra State are: Aguata, Anambra East,

Anambra West, Aniocha, Awka North, Awka South, Ayamelum, Dunukofia, Ekwusigo, Idemili

North, Idemili South, Ihiala, Njikoka, Nnewi North, Nnewi South, Ogbaru, Onitsha North, Onitsha

South, Orumba North, Orumba South, Oyi.

The project area is situated near the Federal High Court - Ekwueme Square in Awka, the State

Capital.

Figure 3-1: Map of Nigeria Showing Anambra State

3.1.1 Physical Environment

Geology

Anambra State lies in the Anambra Basin and has about 6,000 m of sedimentary rocks. The

sedimentary rocks comprise ancient Cretaceous deltas, somewhat similar to the Niger Delta, with

the Nkporo Shale, the Mamu Formation, the Ajali sandstone and the Nsukka Formation as the main

deposits. On the surface the dominant sedimentary rocks are the Imo Shale a sequence of grey

shales, occasional clay ironstones and Sandstone beds.

The Imo Shale underlies the eastern part of the state, particularly in Ayamelum, Awka North, and

Oruma North LGAs. Next in the geological sequence, is the Ameke Formation, which includes

Nanka Sands, laid down in the Eocene. Its rock types are sandstone, calcareous shale, and limestone

16


in thin bands. Outcrops of the sandstone occur at various places on the higher cuesta, such as at

Abagana and Nsugbe, where they are quarried for construction purposes. Nanka sands out crop

mainly at Nanka and Oko in Orumba North LGA.

Lignite was deposited in the Oligocene to Miocene; and it alternates with gritty clays in places.

Outcrops of lignite occur in Onitsha and Nnewi. The latest of the tour geological formations is the

Benin Formation or the coastal plain sands deposited from Miocene to pleistocene. The Benin

Formation consists of yellow and white sands. The formation underlies much of lhiala LGA. Thick

deposits of alluvium were laid down in the western parts of the state, south and north of Onitsha in

the Niger and Anambra river floodplains.

Landforms and Drainage

Anambra State falls into two main landform regions: a highland region of moderate elevation that

covers much of the state south of the Anambra River, and low plains to the west, north, and east of

the highlands. The highland region is a low asymmetrical ridge or cuesta in the northern portion of

the AwkaOrlu Uplands, which trend roughly southeast to North West, in line with the geological

formations that underlie it. It is highest in the southeast, about 410m above mean sea-level, and

gradually decreases in height to only 33m in the northwest on the banks of the Anambra River and

the Niger.

The lower cuesta, formed by the more resistant sandstone rocks of the Imo Shale, rises to only

150m above mean sea level at Umuawulu an decreases in height north-westward to only 100m

<Achalla. Its escarpment faces the Mamu River plain and has a local relief of between 80 and 30m

West of it. This is the higher cuesta, formed by the sane stones of the Ameke Formation. Its height

is above 400m in the south-east at lgbo-ukwu and lsuofii decreasing north-westward to less than

300m at Agbana, and to only 100m at Aguleri.

Vegetation and Soils:

The vegetation on the highlands is of semi-tropical rainforest type. It is characteristically green and is

complemented by typical grassy vegetation. Fresh water swamp forests occur in the Niger-Anambra

Basin.

Three soil types can be recognized in Anambra State. They are: (i) alluvial soils, (ii) hydromorphic

soils, and (iii) ferallitic soils. The alluvial soils are pale brown loamy soils. They are found in the tow

plain south of Onitsha in Ogbaru and in the Niger Anambra low plain north of Onitsha. They differ

from the hydromorphic soils in being relatively immature, having no well-developed horizons.

Ecological Issue:

Some of the major ecological issues encountered in Anambra mostly includes; flooding and erosion.

The erosion issues have exacerbated overtime due to the extensive forest clearing, often by bush

burning, and continuous cropping with little or no replenishment of soil nutrients. This further

resulted in the disruption of the ecological equilibrium of the natural forest ecosystem. Such a

17


situation in a region of loosely consolidated friable soils is prone to erosion, giving rise to extensive

gully formation typical to the one experienced in Umuzuocha and several other communities in

Anambra State

3.2 Overview of Awka

Awka is located between latitudes 06 ○ 06 ′ N and 06 ○ 16 ′ N and longitudes (i) 07 ○ To 01 convert

′ E and the 07 ○ analogue 10 ′ E with a population of 58,225 people (28,335 males and 29,890

females) during the National Population Census conducted in Nigeria in 1991. The population

figure was projected to 115,282 up to December 2005, using the national population growth rate of

5%.This further confirms Awka’s urban status since the United Nation defines a city as a settlement

of 20,000 or more in population

Figure 3-2: Map of Anambra State Showing Awka South LGA

Climate

The area lies within the tropical rainforest zone of West Africa with an average humidity of 80%. Its

O mean daily temperature is 20°C and annual temperature of 27°C, while the mean annual rainfall is

200cm as it witnesses two distinctive climatic changes in a year. The dry season occurs between early

November and March with prevailing dust-laden Northeasterly wind and rainy season occurs from

April up to October with Southwesterly moisture laden air mass moving.

18


Economy

Awka is the administrative headquarters of Anambra State. The major occupation in the city

includes civil service, farming and trading. The partly state- owned Orient Petroleum Resources Ltd

has the headquarters in Awka.

Education

Awka has a large university community, which at times comprises around 15% of the population of

the town. It hosts two primary universities of higher/tertiary education - NnamdiAzikiwe University

and Paul University.

Erosion and Watershed Issues

The main ecological hazards in the area are accelerated gully erosion and flooding. Extensive forest

clearing, often by bush burning, and continuous cropping with little or no replenishment of soil

nutrients, resulted in the disruption of the ecological equilibrium of the natural forest ecosystem.

Such a situation in a region of loosely consolidated and easily eroded soils is prone to serious

erosion, giving rise to extensive gully formation. Many of the gullies are at the head streams of the

rivers that flow down the cuestas. The head streams carve their valleys deep into the deeply

weathered red earth; developing dendritic patterns of gullies.

3.3 Overview of the Project Area

The project area is the Federal High Court - Ekwueme Square gully erosion site. It lies between

longitude 06 12 55.9 and 06 14 28 North; and latitude 007 05 004 and 007 04 912 East near the

Federal high court / Federal secretariat complex in Umuzuocha, Awka, Anambra State.

It is located in the Anambra state government acquired land from Umuzuocha village within Awka

Capital city. The predominant land use here is basically administrative due to the presence of office

complexes (secretariat) and a high court that serves judicial purposes. The gully has three fingers

developed as a result of improper termination of conveyance drains carrying storm water along the

asphalted road linking the high court and the house of assembly complex. The road has a steep slope

forming a point of convergence of flash flood whose flow hydraulics initiated scouring action at the

gully head, exacerbated by porous, loose, and friable ferralitic soils of the area.

19


Figure 3-3: Map of Project Area

The erosion threatens critical infrastructure, available farmlands, lives and properties. Mitigation

measures by the government of back filling with earth materials are evident in the field. There is no

indigenous community settlement at the site except farmlands owned by urban dwellers of different

ethnic mix. If palliative steps are not taken to check the menace, a major disaster of seeking

government presence and probably human lives is eminent in the nearest future.

The NEWMAP in conjunction with Anambra State government intends to rehabilitate the gully site

and reduce long term vulnerability of the targeted area. The GRASS activity is achievable through

civil works guided by engineering design. The work will trigger some World Bank safeguard policies

including Environmental Assessment OP4.01 and Involuntary Resettlement OP4.12

20


3.4 Biophysical Environment of the Gully Erosion Site

3.4.1 Physical Environment

Geology and Geomorphology

Umuzuocha – the host community of the Judiciary/ Ekwueme Square gully in Awka, Anambra State

lies within the Anambra Basin whose sedimentary rocks are made up of Nkporo Shale, the Mamu

Formation, the Ajali sandstone and the Nsukka formation as the main deposits. On the surface, the

dominant sedimentary rocks are the Imo Shale, which is a sequence of grey shales with occasional

clay iron stones and sandstone beds.

Cross Sections of the Federal High Court - Ekwueme Square

Gully Erosion Site in Umuzuocha village in AwkaAnambra State

21


The Imo Shale underlies the eastern part of the State, particularly in Ayamelum, Awka North, and

Oruma North Local Government Areas. Below the Imo Shale is the Ameke Formation, which

includes Nanka Sands (laid down in the Eocene).

Soils

Three soil types can be recognized in Anambra State: They are (i) alluvial soils, (ii) hydromorphic

Soils, and (iii) ferallitic soils.

The alluvial soils are pale brown loamy soils and are found in the low plain south of Onitsha in

Ogbaru and in the Niger Anambra low plain north of Onitsha. These differ from the hydromorphic

soils in that they are relatively immature, having no well-developed horizons. However, this soil

sustains continuous cropping more than the other two.

Hydromorphic soils are developed on the Mamu plain, east of the cuesta, and extending northwards

into the eastern part of Anambra River plain where the underlying impervious clayey shales cause

water logging of the soils during the rainy season. The soils are fine loamy, with lower layers faintly

mottled, while the subsoil layers are strongly mottled and spotted, containing stiff grey cay.

The ferallitic soils are found on the cuesta and other elevated areas, which are underlain, by the

sandstones and shales of the Ameke Formation and the Nanka sands. The soils are deep red to

reddish brown loamy sands (red earth) and are loose and easily eroded into gullies

In the study area, Umuzuocha, Awka that is underlain by the Nanka Sands, the gullies are at the

head streams of the rivers that flow down the cuesta. These head streams carve their valleys deep

into the deeply weathered red earth and developing into a dendritic pattern of gullies.

3.4.2 Biological Environment of Awka

Flora

The vegetation types encountered within the Study Area are as follows:

Areas of fallow bush of varying ages

Fields used for rotational subsistence farming

Degraded secondary rainforest as well as statutory and communal forests

All flora habitats surveyed were found to comprise shrubs, grasses, sedges and a mixture of mature

trees and re-growing juvenile trees.

22


Table 3-1: Some common plants found within the project community

S/NO COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME

1 Maize /corn Zea mays

2 Cassava Manihotesculenta

3 Banana Musa sapientum

4 Water leaf Talinumtriangulare

5 Okro Abelmoschusesculentus

6 Pineapple Ananascomosus

7 Guava Psidiumguajava

8 Cocoyam Colocasiaesculenta

9 Pumpkin Cocurbitapepo

10 Melon Citrullus vulgaris

11 Mango Magniferaindica

12 Pepper (small) Capsicum annuum

13 Pawpaw Carica papaya

14 Bitter leaf Vernoniaamygdalina

Fauna

The Cercopithecusmona also known as Mona Monkeys is one of the wildlife mammal seen within the

project area. This animal is seen as sacred in the area so much so that a ceremony is performed

annually in its honor. Other wildlife found in the project area includes grass cutters, porcupines, etc.

Furthermore, cattle, goat, sheep, poultry and pig were some of the livestock sited within the project

area.

Land Use/Tenure

While majority of the land use is for administrative purposes due to the presence of public offices

such as the Federal Secretariat, High court, etc.

A combination of traditional land ownership system and government ownership of land

is observed in the area. However, the area of intervention is owned by Anambra State Government

but leased under temporal holding to urban settlers engaged in traditional farming practices (slash

and burn agriculture)

23


Figure 3-4: Land Use Map of the Project Area

24


CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSULTATION WITH

STAKEHOLDERS

4.1 Socio-Economic Assessment

The socio-economic assessment studies were aimed at examining the socioeconomic conditions of

the assessed community. This will be relevant for measuring and monitoring the progress of this

ESMP implementation. This involved

a. Detailed socio-economic data collection through formal and informal discussions

with focus groups, and the use of a comprehensive questionnaire for data collection

which provided information of Household bio-data (demographic information);

Livelihoods and Inventory of economic trees and cash crops.

Also, census of the PAPs was also conducted to fully characterize the impact on each

affected person.

b. Use of Maps and GIS: Survey maps as well as high resolution imagery were used to

identify and map out the project area identifying any locations of structures relative

to the project corridor.

The qualitative analysis involved an assessment of information obtained during the stakeholders’

consultations and public participation forums and discussions. The socioeconomic study provided

necessary primary quantitative data for the project assessment. This quantitative data included:

Household census of the people identified as PAPs;

Establishing the socioeconomic profile of respondents;

Livelihoods activities to be affected by project;

Establishing area of land to be affected;

4.1.1 Gender Distribution of Assessed Community

Findings reveal that 60% of PAPs are females while 40% are males, indicating that there are more

female respondents than males. This implies that vulnerability concerns will apply as there are a

good number of female respondents.

25


Figure 4-1: Gender Distribution of Assessed Community

4.1.2 Relationship to Household Head/ Gender

Drawing comparison between the Relationship of respondents to Household Heads and Gender

brings to light the fact that approximately 33% (2 out of 6) of respondents who are Head of

Household (Self) are females while about 67% (4 out of 6) of respondents who are Head of

Households (Self) are males. Furthermore, there are no male respondents who are in the category of

‘Spouse’ (ie. 100% female spouses).

Figure 4-2: Relationship to Household Head/ Gender

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4.1.3 Relationship to Household Head versus Social Group

20% (2 out of 10) of the total respondents are vulnerable. Figure 4-3: Relationship to Household Head versus Social Group

4.1.4 Age Distribution of Respondents The age distribution of respondents is as presented in the chart below, with 20% (2 out of 10) being between 19 – 35 years while 30% are between 36 – 50 years. 50% representing the aged are above 50 years. As such, vulnerability issues should be taken into consideration in the implementation of the intervention. Figure 4-4: Age Distribution of Respondents

27


4.1.5 Average household size of Respondents

The socio-economic study revealed that 60% of respondents have large households (Above 7 persons). This is a major reason why improving their standard of living is paramount upon displacement from their current farming activities. Figure 4-5: Household size

4.1.6 Category of Respondents All the PAPs as indicated by the assessment are encroachers. This means that they are not the owners of the land. As stated earlier in this report, the entire gully site is owned by the government (bought from the community for building of public infrastructures). The PAPs therefore were only permitted to cultivate on the land but have no ownership claims to the land. Their claims are only for the crops/ economic trees cultivated.

4.1.7 Awareness/ Perception of Respondents on the NEWMAP Intervention With regards to knowledge of community on the proposed intervention, survey showed that all the respondents are aware of the project. The awareness was created by the NEWMAP consultant on RAP. Furthermore, all respondents expressed their desire for implementation of the project acclaiming its potential positive impact. Hence, their perception of the project was ‘Good’.

4.1.8 Indigeneship Like every urban settlement, the non-indigent settlers are present in Umuzocha, close to the gully

site. As such, only 40% (4) of respondents are indigenes while 60% (6) are non-indigenes.

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Figure 4-6: Indigeneship

4.1.9 Income status of Respondents/ Poverty Level The total income of PAPs is a combination of the monthly incomes from Primary and Secondary occupation. Income analysis shows that some persons have a single source while others have two sources of income. Findings reveal that the income of 20% (2 out of 10) of PAPs falls between 11,000 to 20,000; 30% (3 out of 10) earn between 21,000 to 30,000; while 50% (5 out of 10) earn above 30,000. The World Bank Global poverty line has progressively being reviewed upwards from $1 per day per person to $1.9 in 2015. In October 2017, it was further increased to $3.2 per day per person. Going by this poverty line, individuals who earn less than $3.2 per day are considered to be extremely poor.

Applying the current US Dollar to Nigerian Naira exchange rate of ₦360 to $1 gives an equivalent

poverty line of ₦27,648.00 (considering inflationary rate in Nigeria, 30,000 can be included in the poverty line). Therefore, 50% (5 out of 10) of PAPs are extremely poor because their total monthly income is

below ₦30,000; while 50% of PAPs earn above 30,000 and are therefore not poor, being above the poverty line. It is therefore expected that the compensation of these PAPs will enhance their livelihoods for improved standard of living. This is necessary in order to achieve relevant NEWMAP development objectives.

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Figure 4-7: Total Monthly Income/ Poverty Level of Respondents

4.2 Secondary Data Collection

Tables below show Secondary data obtained from the National Population Commission (NPC), Abuja. Table 4-1 discusses on the distribution of households by type of housing units in Awka Southand Anambra based on secondary data. In Comparison to primary data provided above majorityof the households as seen during field observation revealed that the respondents either live inFlats or Room/Let in Houses. Table 4-1: Distribution of Households by Type of Housing Unit

Categories Awka South Anambra State

House on a separate stand/Yard

22,399 51,9502

Traditional/hut structure made of Traditional Material

214 33,946

Flat in Block of Flats 7,087 11,7952

Semi Detached House 1,527 58,446

Rooms/Let in House 6,272 94,500

Informal/Impoverished Building

100 6,205

Other 947 52,324

TOTAL 38,546 88,2875 Source: National Population Commission (2006) Access to the distribution of household by sources of water supply for domestic use wasevaluated as seen in table 2.4, for Awka South and Anamabra State. None of the respondents inthe project area

30


have access to pipe-borne water. This is because a functional water supplynetwork does not exist and most people make use of private and commercial boreholes. Table 4-2: Distribution of household by sources of water supply for domestic use


Pipe borne inside dwelling 1,868 31,494

Pipe borne outside dwelling 4,961 53,485

Tanker supply water vendor 3,772 76,925

Well 4,116 95,351

Borehole 12,475 171,422

Rain Water 913 91,687

River/Stream 8,083 247,533

Dugout/Pond/Lake/Dam 172 31,119

Other 2,186 83,854

TOTAL 38,546 882,875 Source: National Population Commission (2006)

When compared to primary data, information for use of water closet, pit latrine and public toiletscorresponded to that provided from Secondary data. Table 4-3 shows the distribution of regularhousehold by type of toilet facilities. Table 4-3: Distribution of Regular Household by Type of Toilet Facilities


Water Closet 15,554 210,226

Pit Latrine 16,775 38,3040

Bucket/Pan 2,522 8,2784

Toilet Facility in another (different) dwelling

256 3,3517

Public Toilet 2,618 10,6745

Nearby Bush//beach/field 764 64,782

Other 57 1,781

TOTAL 38,546 883,875 Source: National Population Commission (2006) The distribution of regular household by type of cooking fuel based on secondary data was alsoevaluated. A greater percentage relies on the use of firewood in cooking. Table 4-4: Distribution of Regular Household by Type of Cooking Fuel


Electricity 3,498 149,071

Gas 19,94 39,098

Kerosene 21,945 301,744

Firewood 10,706 356,144

Coal 211 29,651

Animal dung/Saw dust 107 3,641

Solar 16 1,752

Other 69 1,774

TOTAL 38,546 882,875

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Source: National Population Commission (2006) Information provided from secondary data on solid waste disposal (see table 4-5), corresponds to primary data with respect to the use of organized collection, public approved dumpsites and unapproved dumpsites in the disposal of solid waste. Table 4-5: Distribution of Regular Household Method Solid Waste Disposal


Organized Collection 5,388 167,434

Buried by Household 3,811 122,650

Public Approved Dump site 14,363 173,678

Unapproved Dump site 7,131 167,918

Burnt by Household 7,014 211,842

Other 839 39,353

TOTAL 38,546 882,875 Source: National Population Commission (2006)

4.3 Geotechnical Analysis 4.3.1 Soil Analysis

Geotechnical investigation was carried out at Judiciary/ Ekwueme Square gully erosion site during

the feasibility studies. Representative near-surface

soil samples for laboratory analysis were collected

from top to a depth of 15cm / 15 – 30cm and

analyzed accordingly. The data from the report

indicated that the soil at gully head contains

72.705% sand, 21.57% silt and 5.725% clay. The

soil content of the finger and down the gully is as

shown in the table below.

Table 4-6: Soil size parameters

Location GPS Coordinate

Depth (cm)

Sand % Silt % Clay % Sample description

Gully head

NO60 141 13.4 E0070 04 53.1

0-15 72.7 21.6 5.7 Reddish

15-30 80.3 17.0 2.7

Gully finger

N060 141 16.011 E0070 04 57.2

0-15 76 20.5 3.5 Reddish brown 15-30 78 19.1 2.9

Down Gully

N060 141 16.9 E0070 04 51.1

0-15 90 8.9 1.1 Reddish- dark brown

15-30 85.3 9.0 5.7

It is apparent that the entire sequence is sandy and loose; a condition that favors easy soil dispersal

and erosion. This makes the soil easily erodible. The soil pH in water gives a concentration of 6.05

which is alkaline

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4.3.2 Water Quality Analysis

There is small seasonal stream in the gully. The proposed intervention work is not expected to physically reach the location of the stream in terms of actual work but the migration of pollutants from the upper sub-catchment at the construction phase will predispose the water quality to high level concentration of heavy metals noxious to human health. However, because of the sloppy nature of the area of work, siltation is likely during rain in the first stream. The results of the Umuzuocha Stream physico-chemical, heavy metal and microbiological analysis of the surface water samples conducted at the Springboard Research Laboratory, Awka are as presented below. Physical observation of the water shows that the water samples are clean, colorless and had no odor. The pH of the water samples were none acidic(6.18). The total dissolved solids, the total suspended solids, total hardness and conductivity contents were within the WHO/ FMEnv limits for surface water with concentrations of 0.14 and 0.134; 0.02 and 0.01; 20.0 and 18.63; and 42.5 and 41.99us/cm at the upstream and downstream respectively.

The background concentrations of heavy metals in the surface water body were analyzed both at the upstream. The values of the heavy metals detected were: Calcium, 0.869ppm and Sodium, 4.949ppm (these are within the WHO standard) while there were no trace of heavy metals such as Cobalt, Magnesium, Silver, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Chromium, Molybdenum, Tin and Aluminum in the water.Nevertheless, metals such as Mercury, Cadmium, Lead, Nickel, Iron, and Coliform count were found in concentrations higher than the WHO standards, thus compromising the potability of the water. In general, consumption of water that does not meet potability standard put human at the risk of

gastro-intestinal diseases apart from other chronic ailments. Such diseases include diarrhea,

dysentery and cholera among others.

Table 4-7: Water Analysis result

Parameters Concentrations Reference value (WHO std)

Remark

Upstream (N 06 14.338 E 007 04,655)

Downstream (N 06 14.434 E 007 04.524)

pH in H2O 6.18 6.18 ≤6.58-8.5 Passed

Conductivity us/cm 42.5 70.1 ≤500us/cm Passed

Acidity mg/l 16.25 16.25

Alkalinity mg/l 2.5 2.5

Chloride mg/l 80 78.2 ≤200mg/l Passed

Hardness mg/l 20 16.4 ≤70ppm Passed

total solid mg/l 0.16 0.9 ≤250mg/l Passed

Total suspended solid mg/l 0.02 0.38 ≤250mg/l Passed

Total dissolved solid mg/l 0.14 1.20 ≤250mg/l Passed

Phosphate mg/l 0.218 0.16 ≤2mg/l Passed

Nitrate mg/l 3.856 2.5 ≤10mg/l Passed

Sulphate mg/l 58.133 30.6 ≤200mg/l Passed

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Cobalt ppm 0.00 0.00 ≤1.0ppm Passed

Mercury ppm 2.983 3.01 ≤0.03ppm Failed

Magnesium ppm 0.00 0.00 ≤10.00ppm Passed

Silver ppm 0.00 0.00 ≤0.05ppm Passed

Cadmium ppm 0.062 0.03 ≤0.01ppm Failed

Lead ppm 0.405 0.64 ≤0.05ppm Failed

Zinc ppm 0.00 0.00 ≤5ppm Passed

Copper ppm 0.00 0.00 ≤1ppm Passed

Manganese ppm 0.00 0.00 ≤0.05ppm Passed

Nickel ppm 0.754 0.69 ≤0.03ppm Failed

Iron ppm 83.33 81.18 ≤1.00ppm Failed

Sodium ppm 4.949 3.05 5.00ppm Passed

Calcium ppm 0.869 0.48 ≤10.00ppm Passed

Chromium ppm 0.00 0.00 ≤0.005ppm Passed

Molybdenum ppm 0.00 0.00 ≤0.07ppm Passed

Tin ppm 0.00 0.00 0.00 Passed

Aluminum ppm 0.00 0.00 0.00 Passed

Colliform count cfu 10 10 Nil Failed

4.3.3 Noise Level Assessment

The noise level was measured using a sound level meter called N09AQ™ Environment meter,

which was calibrated before being used for the analysis. The noise levels were taken at three

sampling points; within the proposed site, 30m upwind and 30m downwind. The readings recorded

from the digital meter were in decibels dB(A). The meter’s measurement range is between 35-100

dB(A).

Table 4-8 shows that the ambient noise levels in the site area averaged 50.8 dB(A) compared to the

set regulatory limit of 50-60dB for residential areas.

Table4-8: Ambient Noise level at the project Intervention Zone

Station Location Noise Level (dB) Northings Eastings

1 06 14.351 007 04.962 53.5

2 06 14.338 007 04.655 48.2

3 06 14.434 007 04.524 50.7

Control 06 14.413 007 64.673 44.1 FMENV LIMIT FOR RESIDENTIAL AREAS 50-60

Besides, the project location is non-residential. As such, the noise level is within acceptable limits

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Figure 4-8: 3D Arial View of the Gully site

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4.4 Summary of Consultations with relevant Stakeholders and Project Affected

Persons

Sustainable project development requires that public and stakeholder perspectives be mainstreamed

throughout a project cycle through adequate/ regular interaction. As such, discussions were held

with key players in the intervention program in order to have a holistic view of the gully situation

and the proposed intervention measure, which became beacons for the development of this all

important document. The Project Affected Persons (PAPs) were not left out as the also made

relevant input towards the production of this document for the achievement of the NEWMAP

Project Development Objective (PDO). The interactions were held:

4.4.1 Consultative meetings with the SPMU

Several meetings were held with the SPMU prior to commencement of field visit for discussion on

the project. These consultations which provided relevant insight and guidance continued even after

the submission of inception report. The importance of such interaction cannot be over emphasized

as it creates a synergy between the consultant and the SPMU in achieving the NEWMAP objectives

in line with the consultants ToR.

4.4.2 Project Affected Persons /other Stakeholders’ Engagement

Series of meetings were held with the PAPs and other stakeholders such as staff of the Federal High

Court who gave detailed information on the situation and origin of the gully (as contained in the

history of the gully in section 2.1 above) including the human activities around the project area.

It was as a result of such interaction that PAPs were identified with evidence of their activities with

the project area.

The predominant land use here is basically administrative due to the presence of office complexes

(secretariat) and a high court that serves judicial purposes. This reveals that the project site is not

residential, having few farmlands which were verified for the determination of owners captured as

PAPs. A total of 10 PAPs (4 males and 6 females) were identified. They are all encroaching farmers

as the entire gully is on a government owned land. Crops/ trees within the verified farmlands are

predominantly Cassava, Yam, Cocoyam, ugwu and Plantain.

See Annex for detailed profile of Project Affected Persons showing GPS coordinates, farm

size and their claims.

Also attached at the annexes are the Minutes of various meetings held with accessed

community and the attendance sheets.

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Photograph of Project Affected Persons (PAPs) at the Federal High Court -

Ekwueme Square Gully Erosion Site in Awka, Anambra State

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CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS AND ANALYSIS OF

ALTERNATIVES

This Chapter contains a summary of the impacts that are likely to result from the intervention work

as a result of the interaction between the project components and the environmental elements. The

method employed for impact identification and evaluation is also given in this Chapter

5.1 Impact Identification and Evaluation

The identification and management of impacts associated with work activities were based on a risk

assessment method which involves:

Identification of intervention activities that may interact with the site environment.

Implementing controls to reduce the risk of impacts.

Monitoring the effectiveness of the controls.

The key activities of the proposed intervention work were identified and then interacted through the

pathways (or events) that may cause impacts on the environment. The associated potential impacts

where then identified and listed. The risk of the impacts occurring was analyzed by determining the

consequence severity of the impacts and the likelihood of consequences occurring. The severity of

the consequences was determined using a Consequence Severity Table and the likelihood of an

impact resulting from a pathway was determined with a Likelihood Ranking Table and then the level

of risk was determined using a Risk Matrix.

To prevent or minimize the impacts, controls were placed on the pathways in this order of priority:

Elimination of the activity.

Substitution with a lower risk activity.

Best solutions (engineering and administrative) to reduce the impact of the event and/or

control the activity.

Clean up or remediation measures to mitigate impacts after an event.

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5.2 Rating of impacts

Five steps were followed sequentially in order to rate the impacts of the various activities of the

project as shown

Step 1: Identification of Potential Impacts Expected impacts were determined based on anticipated interactions between project activitiesand major environmental and social sensitivities. Step 2 and 3: Qualification of Impacts Qualification of impacts was based two assessment characteristics: Step 2: Likelihood of occurrence – This is an assessment of the probability of the effect occurring. Step 3: Potential consequence – This is the actual result and scale that an effect might have. Theapplication of each of the two characteristics is described below.

Table 5-1: Likelihood of Occurrence of Impact

Impact Probability Likelihood Frequency

High probability (80-100%) A very likely impact Very frequent impacts

Medium high probability (60-80%

A likely impact Frequent impacts

Medium probability (40-60%) A possible impact Occasional impacts

Medium low probability (20- An unlikely impact Few impacts

Stage 1:

Identification

Interaction

between project

activities and

environmental

sensitivity

Stage 2: Qualification of

impacts

Positive/ negative

Direct/ indirect

Duration: permanent

(long term)/

temporary (short

term)

Magnitude: local/

widespread

Stage 3: Rating of

Significance

Likelihood (High, 80-100%,i.e. very

likely; Medium high, 60-

80%, i.e. likely; Medium,

40-60%, i.e. possible;

MediumLow, 20-40%, i.e.

unlikely; Low, 0-20% i.e.

very unlikely)

Stage 4: Degree of

Significance of Impact

Four degrees of

significance:

Major

Moderate

Minor

Negligible

Stage 5: Impact Table

Lists each impact, its

source and its rating

39


40%)

Low probability (0-20%) A very unlikely impact

Rare impacts

The magnitude of the potential changes to the physical and social environment caused by theimpact of an activity or hazard, and the level of sensitivity of the receiving environmentdetermine the potential impact of the activity. This is shown below:

Table 5-2: The impact assessment matrix

Potential Consequences

Likelihood Positive Negative

Hardly

any Little Considerable Great Extreme

High Moderate Moderate Major Major Major

Medium

High Minor Moderate Moderate Major Major

Medium Minor Minor Moderate Moderate Major

Medium

Low Negligible Minor Minor Moderate Moderate

Low Negligible Negligible Minor Minor Moderate

Table 5-3: Potential Consequences Classification Matrix

M a g n i t u d e o f E f f e c t

Receptor sensitivity

Low change M e d i u m c h a n g e

H i g h c h a n g e

Low receptor sensitivity

T r i v i a l e f f e c t

S l i g h t e f f e c t

S u b s t a n t i a l e f f e c t

Medium receptor sensitivity

Slight effect S u b s t a n t i a l e f f e c t

B i g e f f e c t

High receptor sensitivity

S u b s t a n t i a l e f f e c t

B i g e f f e c t

M a s s i v e e f f e c t

Table 5-4: The potential consequence and effects matrix

Potential Consequence Effect

E x t r e m e

c o n s e q u e n c e

A massive effect

G r e a t


A big effect

C o n s i d e r a b l e


A s u b s t a n t i a l

e f f e c t

L i t t l e


A slight effect

40


H a r d l y a n y


A t r i v i a l

e f f e c t

Table 5-5: Degree of significance

Impact Significance Impact Rating

Major significance Major impact

Moderate significance Moderate impact

Minor significance Minor impact

Negligible significance Negligible impact

5.3 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts of the Project

5.3.1 The Project Benefits

The project is envisaged to have a range of positive environmental and social impacts. Some of these

are a function of the objectives of the project, while others are a function of the way in which the

project is designed to meet its objectives.

The major benefits will occur in the form of improved erosion management and gully rehabilitation which will

provide for:



Reduced siltation in rivers leading to less flooding and the preservation of the water systems

for improved access to domestic water supply.


Progressively restored vegetative cover, improved environmental conditions and more

humid local microclimates. This results in increased vegetation cover for wildlife and carbon

sequestration.

Environmental improvements due to land stabilization measures which preserve the

landscape and biodiversity.

5.3.2 Negative Impacts

The proposed development unfortunately is also likely to exert adverse impacts on the social and

physical environment within which it is executed. No major potential environmental impacts are

expected, but only minor impacts associated with site preparation, earth works, waste generation,

traffic and safety which are localized and reversible. The potential negative impacts of attention are:

Increased level of noise and dust nuisance during the preparation of site, and trucking

materials to sites.

Generation, temporary storage and disposal of waste from the labor camp. These may cause

dust emissions, erosion, littering, damage to soil.

Contamination of soil and groundwater by stored fuel, lubricants, paints; and refueling of

vehicles.

Safety of labor and public during the construction phase in site and around it

41


Traffic disruption

These impacts can be divided into short-term construction related impacts and long-term operation

unavoidable impacts. The short-term impacts include rehabilitation/construction related traffic,

dust, noise, and disruption of vehicle and pedestrian traffic. A more project specific potential

negative impacts and the level of impacts that could emanate from the projects are summarized in

Table 5-6.

5.3.2.1 Construction Phase

The most damaging impact normally occurs during the construction stage. Generally, due to the

type, duration and nature of construction activities envisaged, the anticipated environmental impacts

are not expected to be significant. Construction activities are one time activities and not permanent,

about six months - one year. Based on the duration of the construction activities, impacts associated

with construction activities are rated “Low” on duration.

- Nevertheless, unless good construction management practices are followed, the short-term

construction-related impacts shall include impacts such as increased runoff, air quality, noise and

vibration, drainage, flooding and solid wastes management. Social negative impacts are unlikely as no

displacement is expected other than occupational health and safety.

5.3.2.2 Operation Phase

The operational Phase could be seen as the long-term, permanent activity and thus impacts under

this as well as their management issues are considered recurring problems. Therefore the impacts are

expected to be long-term operation and unavoidable impacts. These are likely to consist mainly of

waste generation due to inspection, maintenance of the erosion control devices, etc.

5.3.3 Irreversible Environmental Changes

The proposed project site will neither consume nor alter significant land, environmental and socio-

cultural resources except for structures within 15 m of the set back. The proposed project will not

generate significant demands on natural resources of the immediate or surrounding area nor disturb

archaeological sites. Thus no long-term losses of significant resources are anticipated during the

intervention works.

5.3.4 Cumulative /Secondary Impacts

Cumulative impacts are changes to the environment that are caused by an activity in combination

with other past, present and future human activities.

The concept of cumulative effects is an important one. It holds that while impacts may be small

individually, the overall impact of all environmental changes affecting the receptors taken together

can be significant. When a resource is nearing its tolerance threshold, a small change can push it

over. The objective of the cumulative impact assessment is to identify the environmental and/or

socio-economic aspects that may not on their own constitute a significant impact but when

combined with impacts from past, present or reasonable foreseeable future activities associated with

this and/or other projects result in a larger and more significant impacts.

42


The envisaged cumulative /secondary impacts arising from the intervention works is considered

minimal. This is based on the fact that the project area is not located close to any environmentally

sensitive area or human habitation; there is no known environmental degrading facility close to the

project location. Most importantly, the project is an intervention work to rehabilitate the devastation

of the environment and road. This will enhance public good and reduce travel time and distance for

the community members.

The project plan includes the planting of vegetation which are environmentally supportive.

5.3.5 Environmental justice

The intervention activity serves the remedy the devastation of a road gullied by erosion which has

caused nightmare for members of the communities. Thus the outcome is not meant for a particular

section of the society, in respective of status. The neighborhood within which the intervention will

take place will rather be enhanced and not affected negatively by the physical environmental impacts

more than other areas.

Table 5.6: Identified Potential Impacts

S/N Envisaged Activities Potential Impact +/-

Impact level

Negligible

Low Medium High

A Preconstruction: Planning & Preparatory activities Civil Work Construction

1. Movement of Equipment & materials Dust raising and noise generation Increase in noise nuisance Accidents

X

2. Land acquisition for right of way Displacement of asset Negative perception and discontent expressions by members of the community.

X

B Construction

C BIOPHYSICAL ISSUES

1 Site clearing of set-back from edge of gully

Removal of Flora & fauna Displacement of asset

X

Earthworks - Excavation, grading, compaction, filling and other civil works

Disturbance of the natural drainage of site Increase in the

X

43



Impact level

Negligible

Low Medium High

amount of disturbed soil and could in turn increases the amount of erosion which can occur. Increase sedimentation and runoff Risk of pollution to water courses Destruction of visual scenery Damage to abutting land use construction sites

2. General Treatment of the gully erosion Failure due to poor integration between physical and biological measures. Failure to complete the treatment works for any reason – tantamount to not getting the required protection and a waste of time and resources.

X

3. Gully Stabilisation/Use of Vegetation as control & buffers Grass-lined Channel (Turf reinforcement mats)

Failure of lined drainage channels and energy dissipaters after major storms/runoffs enters the channel. Debris/ sediment accumulation in outlets and points where concentrated flow enters the channels, bank instability, and scour holes developing

X

44



Impact level

Negligible

Low Medium High

4. Structural Erosion and Sediment Control Practices - Structural practices used in sediment and erosion control to divert storm water flows away from exposed areas, convey runoff, prevent sediments from moving offsite, and can also reduce the erosive forces

Drainage lines and ephemeral waterways may have areas that could be ‘erosion starters’. Degrade water quality Alteration of local hydrology Damage of valuable ecosystems and habitats The release of fine sediments and turbid water into water body can adversely affect the health and biodiversity of aquatic life in water body downstream, increase in the concentration of nutrients and metals, reduce light penetration into the water

X

5 Use of heavy Equipment on site and transport vehicles on the public roads

Vibration generate lateral waves to the surrounding structure and could lead to failure Contaminate ground or surface water when hydraulic oil, motor oil or other harmful mechanical fluids are spilled Noise generation and air quality degradation, especially dust Sediment transport from the site onto public roads or adjacent properties via the wheels,

X

45



Impact level

Negligible

Low Medium High

chassis and side of vehicles. Disruption of visual scenery

6 Construction camp and crew

Soil contamination, Unhygienic work environment and disturbance of the neighbourhood Dis-affection in the community

X

7. Storing Materials/

Loss of the stockpiled material Damage to valuable ecosystems and habitats Leaks of hazardous materials from equipment or storage

X

8 Social Issues Poor social interaction between community members and workers.

X

9 Waste/Spoil disposal High volume of waste/spoil Spoil tipped away from designated areas

X

10 Local culture and society Socio-cultural values may be altered and the stability of communities adversely affected by presence of construction workers in the area Exposure to rapid social change or tourism.

X

11 Land use/Land take Displacement of assets or means of livelihood

X

46



Impact level

Negligible

Low Medium High

12 Utility Disruptions Construction activities and the need to realign utility supply lines

X

13 Quarry for fill materials Use of agricultural land Exposure of other erosion prone sites

X

14 Site Work – occupational & Public Safety and Health

Excavation exposes inhabitants and crew to risk of falls and injuries in excavation pits Use of equipment and movement of vehicles includes accident rates/ traffic hazards. Burrow Areas for fill materials could lead to accidents Exposure to atmospheric emissions from construction equipment Exposure to excessive and continuous noise and vibration from construction activities Risk of water source pollution Dust emission

X

D Operation and Maintenance

1 Maintenance Poor maintenance create gullies and standing pools Create mud-holes, potholes Breed disease vectors in settling basins and

X

47



Impact level

Negligible

Low Medium High

retention ponds

E Decommissioning

1 Break up old surface and soil, etc. Cause soil erosion Degrade water quality Dust generation Disruption of the secondary/ newly emerged flora

X

5.4 Analysis of Project Alternatives

In the context of this ESMP, analysis of project alternatives refers to the performance of the natural

and socio-economic resources with or without the project or with or without the implementation of

the measures of this ESMP and/or other safeguard instrument considered appropriate.

For intervention work of this nature, there are usually a number of viable options that can be

considered. These alternatives include: the no project option; delayed project; alternative

site/location and project execution options. For this project, analysis of the various alternatives is

presented as follows:

5.4.1 Rock Lined Chute option The rock lined chute is used to lower surface water into the open channel where a gully has

developed. The chute is sized according to drainage area and site factors. Proper sizing of the rock

to withstand the expected velocity of water in the chute is the key factor. For the installation of this

structure a good source of rock must be available in the area. Rock chutes are an essential item in

the stabilization of gullies, as illustrated in the figure 4.1 below. Wherever practical erosion problems

should be stabilized synthetic material should only be used in circumstances where natural based

solutions fail to achieve the required stability.

Most rock chute failure occur from either

Poor construction practices

Water passing around or the use of inadequately sized rock (as a result of either a design or

construction problems).

The critical components of the rock chute design are:

Control of flow entry into the chute;

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Determination of an appropriate rock size; and

The design of energy dissipation measures at the base of the chute to prevent undermining

of the chute and damage to the gully banks.

The upper surface of the rock chute must blend with the surrounding land to allow water to

freelyenter the chute without being diverted along the edge of the rock lining.The rock size must be

based on the flow conditions down the chute, the slope of the chute, theshape of the rocks (i.e.

round or angular), and the degree of variability in rock size. Therecommended mean rock size for

long, straight chutes may be determined.

Constraints

The non-availability of rocks in the area could be step back in the use of this alternative

5.4.2 Wood Drop Structure option

Wood has been used in various ways to control soil erosion. Over the past few years, the wood drop

structure has been used with much success. Figure 4.3 illustrates a wood drop structure.The wood

must be adequately treated to withstand contact with the soil in a wet condition andadequate

drainage around this structure required.

Constraints

As the gully is deep and very wide its encroachment would be continuous with the use of this

alternative. Since trapping of sand would be a dependent factor.

5.4.3 Vegetated Over Fall Structure option

The most economical way to solve gully erosion problems is with plants or grass, planting of grass

such as the vetiver and Bamboo.

A "Bio-Structural" approach to erosion and slope stability problems; i.e., incorporating

plannedvegetation elements in engineering designs, can be less expensive, more effective, and

moreadaptable than purely structural solutions. Vegetation should be used in conjunction with geo-

textiles and engineered structures whenever appropriate and practical.Vegetation selected for "Bio-

structural" design elements should be native whenever possible. Plantschosen should also be

appropriate to the site, have wide adapt-ability, favorable spread andreproductive capability, superior

control value, roots of high tensile strength, and is availablecommercially.

5.4.4 Project Alternatives

5.4.4.1 No Project Alternative

The no project option implies that the intervention work shall not be executed; hence there is no

need to carry out this study. This implies the site will remain in its current state and perhaps widen

due to natural forces without even any interference from man. Nevertheless, this situation will

worsen and put the activities of man and the environment into further jeopardy since the area is

49


already exposed to the forces of erosion. The intervention work is designed to stop these forces and

mitigate any negative impacts that may arise.

Therefore, choosing the no project option will mean a loss of efforts made by all parties to ensure

the erosive forces do not continue to pose risk to lives and the environment and even loss of job

opportunity to Nigerians. The ‘no project option’ is therefore not considered a viable option.

5.4.4.2 Delayed Project Alternative

This option implies that the planned intervention be delayed until a much later date. Such option is

usually taken when conditions are unfavourable to project implementation such as in heavy rainfall,

war situation, or where the host community is deeply resentful to it. Also, if the prevailing economic

climate is not quite favourable, then delayed option may be feasible. None of these conditions is

applicable at present. Further delay will mean the onset of heavy rainfall that is not favourable for

the proposed treatment method. At present, both the economic and the political environment and

natural environmental phenomena are most favourably disposed towards it. Therefore, the

implication of delayed project option will mean that all the preliminary work and associated efforts/

costs incurred would have come to nothing. Also, because of inflationary trends, such a delay may

result in unanticipated increase in project costs, which may affect the final target from the project.

These, and other related problems make adopting the delayed option impracticable.

5.4.4.3 Go Ahead Alternative

This option means going ahead to implement the intervention work. This also entails incorporating

professional advice on the most practicable option such as are spelt out in this ESMP and other

relevant safeguard instruments and/or best practices relating to the execution of the intervention.

This will definitely reassure the public of their safety and the environment. It will also aid

employment creation. The environmental threats from the gully erosion will be reduced drastically, if

not totally solved in that area. The devastation by erosion that has rendered the existing road

impassable will be addressed and solved. This option is therefore considered the most viable and

recommended for implementation.

However, in going ahead, appropriate measures for the gully treatment must be adopted and applied.

5.4.4.4 Gully Treatment options and scenarios

Treatment of gullies depends on a range of factors including: the size of the gully, whether it is

actively eroding or not, the soil type, the size and frequency of water flow, the gradient of the area

and the desired use of the land after rehabilitation. The situation of the proposed intervention area

shows that the best option or combination of the following options should be employed:

Table 5.7: Gully Treatment Options and scenarios

S/No Treatment Option Scenario For Proposed Intervention work

1 The do nothing approach Applicable when assets are not at risk from erosion.

Not applicable

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S/No Treatment Option Scenario For Proposed Intervention work

This option can result in downstream significant sedimentation problems. Generally the slowest option to achieve a stable gully.

2 Backfilling the gully and forming a stable drainage state

Generally only viable for small gullies. This option requires only cheap supplies of materials for gully/earth filling Generally the quickest Option to achieve a stable gully.

Applicable

3 Partially backfilling the gullies using natural sedimentation processes

This is usually the cheapest option in the long run.

This option relies on the on-going supply of sediments from the upstream gully erosion. If the upstream gully is stabilized as part of the overall gully rehabilitation, then there may be insufficient sediments to backfill the weirs.

This option is often adopted, when the gully extends upstream of a given property.

Not applicable

4 Partially backfilling using local or imported materials

This option requires heavy machinery.

High safety risks are often associated with such project and Earth works.

Battering the gully bank to provide a source of fill usually accelerate the rehabilitation of the gull bank.

Not Applicable

5 Stabilization of gully without partial backfilling of the beds or battering of the banks

This option can result in a long drawn-out process, requiring planting and replanting. Significant sediment loss can occur before the gully bank reach a stable form

Not Applicable

Adopted from Catchment & Creeks Pty Ltd, 2010

5.5 The Preferred Alternative The preferred alternative would be to implement the current project proposal, however with a combination of suitable option to enable the project achieve its objectives.

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CHAPTER SIX

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)

In the project design the impacts identified were duly incorporated. While the design stands to

strengthen the positive impacts, a priority in the project planning and design has been to avoid

potential negative environmental and social impacts. Thus as much as possible in the design and

selection of site, work methods, equipment, for the project, etc. identified negative impacts are

already mitigated

Nevertheless, some of the impacts will require additional measures such as sound operational

procedures and good housekeeping. Provisions have been made for this in the entire arrangement of

the planned work for construction and operation for impacts that are unavoidable. With all intent

and purpose, the proposed project activities whether during construction or operation shall not

constitute environmental and social burdens to the environment that cannot be managed effectively.

6.1 Mitigation Measures

The mitigation measures are activities aimed at reducing the severity, avoiding or controlling project

impacts and where possible enhance environmental quality through the designed alternatives,

scheduling or other means. Mitigation may be in the form of avoidance (alternative action taken to

avoid impact), compensatory payment of money or replacement in kind for losses or recreation of

lost/damaged habitat.

The measures proposed are specific, measurable, achievable and relevant to the proposed and time

based (SMART). The measures also took into account the environmental laws in Nigeria, and

internationally and the principles of sustainable development and best available technology.

Most of the likely impacts due to the proposed project have been considered in the design and

selection of treatment options.

6.2 Residual Impacts after Mitigation

Residual Effects can be considered as those that remain significant following the application of

mitigation measures, although they are likely to have been reduced in magnitude as a result of the

mitigation measure implemented.

Overall, on balance, with the provision of the proposed mitigation measures as outlined in Table 6.9,

the positive impacts of the scheme will considerably outweigh the negative impacts. The public as a

whole will benefit from the completion of the scheme.

6.3 Enhancement of Positive Impacts and Reduction/Avoidance of Negative

Impacts

A Mechanism for Enhancement of Positive Impacts and Reduction/Avoidance of Negative Impacts

has been developed in relation to the

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Project Concept and design,

Construction and Operation,

Control of Earthworks and

Erosion and Sediment Control Plan,

Control of Water Quality, Waste Management ,

Control of Air and Noise Pollution

Environmental Code of Conduct for tender documents and

Social Integration and Participation

All these management programmes have been developed as part of the ESMP to make it effective

and functional. Annex 4 highlights the General Environmental Management Conditions For

Construction Draft ESMP. In the course of work, the contractor shall execute all the mitigation

measures under the monitoring and supervision of the safeguard officers of the PMU and Ministry

of Environment officials with intermittent World Bank supervision mission.

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6.4 Environmental and Social Management Plan

Table 6.1: Environmental and Social Management Plan

S/N

Activities Envisaged

Potential Impact Mitigation measures Monitoring Indicators

Frequency Responsibility Cost of Mitigation

Measures (₦)

implementation monitoring

A Mobilization/ Preparatory activities

1. Movement of Equipment & Materials

Dust raising and noise generation Noise

Increase in noise nuisance Raise public awareness of unusual activity Plan activities such that Regulatory limits are not exceeded

Levels in relation to regulatory limits lower, Number or absence of public complaints

During Mobilization/actual movement to the site/staging

Contractor, SPMU Environmental Safeguard officer and FoNGO

To be costed by contractor

2 Movement of Equipment & Materials

Reduction in air quality due to vehicular movement

Employ fuel efficient and well maintained haulage trucks with proper exhaust system to minimize emissions. All parked vehicles on the site shall have their engines turned off; Service vehicles as at when due and stick to manufacturers’ specifications in use Develop and follow a controlled fueling, maintenance and servicing protocol

Levels in relation to regulatory limits, Number or absence of public complaints

During Mobilization /actual movement to the site/staging

Contractor, SPMU Environmental Safeguard officer

same

3. Movement of Equipment & Materials - Health & Safety Issues -

Accidents - Movement of heavy equipment to worksite which may pose danger to public

Place visible warning signs on roads and vehicles Raise public awareness of unusual activity

Zero accident/No of accidents

During Mobilization /actual movement to the site/staging

Contractor, SPMU Environmental and Social Safeguard officer

same

Sub-total

B. Construction

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S/N




Measures (₦)


BIOPHYSICAL ISSUES

1 Site clearing of Removal of Flora Perform clearance in stages

Absence of land Once Contractor MH, MOE, ESO & NRO

To be costed by contractor

set-back from edge of gully

&fauna Displacement of asset

Develop compensation plan for displaced asset in line with the RAP that was prepared where only the LG was identified as the only PAP

degradation due to avoidable vegetation clearance/no scar, absence of complaint from PAP/communities

during site clearance

Contractor, MOW, MoE, ESO, SLO & NRO

Payment via RAP

2. General Treatment of the gully erosion,

Failure due to poor integration between physical and biological measures. Failure to complete the treatment works for any reason – tantamount to not getting the required protection and a waste of time and resources.

Careful planning and attention to detail Remove the cause of the gully. Ensure quality work Do gully filling only after the water flow that caused the gully has been controlled or diverted above the gully head. Otherwise fill placed in the gully is likely to be undermined and washed away. Avoid filling gullies with rubbish, logs, rocks, car bodies and other foreign material that are not suitable. Use earthen banks that divert runoff away from the gully head, and convert it to slower, less erosive flow away from the actively eroding area.

Absence of failure due to poor integration between physical and biological measures

During Construction -weekly

Contractor, SPMU ESO MH, MOE & MOW World Bank

To be costed by ontractor

3. Gully Accumulation of Design structures so that Absence of During HSEO, Contractor, SPMU ESO MH, same

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S/N




Measures (₦)


Stabilization, Use of Vegetation as control & buffers - Grass-lined Channel (Turf reinforcement mats)

debris, sediment accumulation, died grasses, shrub/bush and tree planted, lack of integrity

the flow in the gully is reduced to a non-scouring velocity Plant vegetation between the structures and the gully stabilized Locations of the structures must be placed so that as much sediment is collected as possible, while still ensuring that the structures are stable. Sites should also be relatively smooth at the gully floor, and have a gentle slope between the gully floor and sides. Choose the right time to do it. From late Dry season to early onset of rainy season before heavy rains is generally a suitable time as there is less chance of high volumes of run-off, yet there is sufficient soil moisture and warmth to promote the growth of vegetation.

debris accumulation No of debris remove and repairs made on outlets and points where concentrated flow enters channels, structures. No of inspection made on lined drainage channels and energy dissipaters after major storms/rainfall.

Construction, especially after heavy downpour of rain-weekly

MOE, NRO & MOW

4. Earthworks - Excavation, grading, compaction, filling and other civil works

Disturb the natural drainage of site, Increase the amount of disturbed soil and could in turn increases the

Develop a site plan that does not require a significant amount of grade changes–that fits into existing land contours. Site that will not be re-

Number of drainage lines and ephemeral waterways that could be ‘erosion starters’.

During Construction, especially after heavy downpour of rain

Contractor, MH, MOE, ESO, WRO/NRO & MOW

same

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S/N




Measures (₦)


amount of erosion which can occur. Increase sedimentation and runoff Risk of pollution to watercourses

disturbed for a long period should be stabilized to reduce the erosion force These areas until they are disturbed again. E.g. if soil excavated from a temporary sediment Trap is stockpiled to be used later to backfill the trap (when the area is stabilized) then the stockpile Carry out earthworks operations such that surfaces have adequate falls, profiling and drainage to control run-off and prevent ponding and flooding. Control run-off through silt/sediment traps as appropriate to minimize the turbidity of water in outfall areas.

No of Complaint from the community due to poor water quality/sedimentation

5 Use of heavy Equipment on site and transport vehicles on the public roads

Vibration generate lateral waves to the surrounding structure and could lead to failure Contaminate ground or surface water when hydraulic oil, motor oil or other harmful

As much as possible avoid use of heavy duty equipment like bulldozers, pay loaders and trucks used in excavation and loading at the control site, Work schedule to minimize disturbance. Alert the public when loud noise will be generated

Absence/number of oil leakage/spill, absence of impact on structures/cracks/ Absence/number of damage to abutting construction site

During Construction,

Contractor, ESO, MH, MOE & MOW

Same

57


S/N




Measures (₦)


mechanical fluids are spilled or dumped Spills, leaks or injuries from any type of hazardous material (e.g. bitumen, cement, paint, explosives, fuels, lubricants)

Sound-proofed machines shall be employed Construction vehicle, machinery and equipment move or station always in the designated area only and do not carry activities beyond land hired/given

Absence/number of complaint due to noise & dust generation Absence of sediment transport from the site onto public roads or adjacent properties via the wheels, chassis and side of vehicles.

6. Construction camp and crew

Soil contamination, Unhygienic work environment and disturbance of the surrounding neighbourhood Dis-affection in the community

Identify suitable camp site in consultation with relevant authorities Regular collection and proper disposal of Solid Waste. Ensure and enforce good housekeeping

Wholesome environment Absence of conflict with community members

Daily/All through during Construction

Contractor ESO, MH, MOE & MOW

Same

7. Storing Materials/

loss of the stockpiled material Damage valuable ecosystems and habitats Leaks of hazardous materials from equipment or storage

Stockpiles should not be located within an overland flow path. In order to mitigate the flow of water away from stockpiled material, flow diversion banks can be constructed up-slope of the stockpile to divert run-off. install a sediment fence (or heightened bund wall) on the downhill side

Presence/absence of moved stored material by rain/wind Presence/absence of leaks from substance stored


Contractor, ESO, NRS, MH, MOE & MOW

Same

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S/N




Measures (₦)


Social Issues

1 Waste/Spoil generation & management (civil works)

Waste generation volume of waste/spoil Spoil tipped away from designated areas

As part of contract requirements, contractor will be required to develop, implement and maintain a Waste Management Plan during the construction works with emphasize to minimize waste and segregate waste Protection of neighborhood from debris due to construction Minimize spoil by balancing cut and fill wherever possible Safe tipping areas identified and enforced. Spoil traps constructed. Dispose in approved sites Provide and mount Giant waste bins as receptacles for waste generated by community to prevent them from dumping it into the gully Community Sensitization and awareness creation on proper solid waste management

Volume of waste generated and disposal method. Good waste management plan in place-acceptable in light of best practice


Contractor, ESO, MH, MOE & MOW, Waste Management authority

Same

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S/N




Measures (₦)


Liase with the Anambra state environmental and sanitation agency to periodically evacuate waste deposited in the giant waste bins located at strategic points within the catchment

2 Local people excluded from activities

Conflict Incorporate methods within the skills of local people. Contractors encouraged using local labor wherever possible.

Number of community members involved in construction

Twice during construction

Contractor, ESO, SLO, FoNGO, MH, MOE & MOW Officer, Local Government/Site Committee

Same

3 Quarry for fill materials

Use of agricultural land

Avoidance of agriculture lands as borrow areas and other sensitive areas Redevelopment of borrow areas Redevelopment of quarries in case new quarries are setup for the Project

Presence/absence of scouring, erosion, damage to property, water supply disruption. Complaints from local people

During construction

Contractor, , ESO, NRO, MH, MOE & MOW, Local Government/Site Committee

Same

4 Site Work – occupational &Public Safety and Health Dust – water-sprays to control particulates.

Excavation - Expose inhabitants and crew to risk of falls and injuries in excavation pits excavation slope instability causing injury/death Use of equipment and movement of

Take safety precautions to protect being injured by flying or falling rock Poorly planned borrow pits and quarries pose threats, ranging from falls from quarry faces to drowning in quarry pits that have become standing water reservoirs

Zero Accidents/incidents

Every day during construction

HSEO - Contractor,

ESO, MH, MOE & MOW, Local Government/Site Committee,

Same

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S/N




Measures (₦)


vehicles includes accident rates/ traffic hazards. excessive and continuous noise and vibration from construction activities Risk of water source pollution

Use equipment with low operating noise levels Restrict construction works to day time hours in location close to residence Introduce traffic/speed control devices Provide safety warning and instruction signboards Use of excavation dewatering, side-walls support, and slope gradient adjustments that eliminate or minimize the risk of collapse, entrapment, or drowning Provide safe means of ingress and egress from excavations, such as graded slopes, graded access route, or stairs and ladders

Sub-total To be determined by contractor

c Operation and Maintenance

Operation - Maintenance and Utilization of Rehabilitated Gully

Collapse of structure/failure of measures

Monitor and maintain intervention work for continued stability and quality Shortcomings in the control structures should be corrected before they develop into serious problems. Any grass, shrub/bush

Number of failure of structure

Once in three months during dry periods and immediately after heavy down pour during rainy season

Community, Site committee, SPMU

Environmental Safeguard Officer, Project Engineer, MoE MoW, FPMU, World Bank, NRO

1,040,000.00

61


S/N




Measures (₦)


and tree planted which dies should be replaced Treated gullies should be checked regularly and the healing process monitored closely. Structures built in the gully for stabilization purpose should be observed for damage especially during rainy seasons and after heavy storms. Damaged check-dams should be repaired immediately to avoid further damage and the eventual collapse. Conduct gender study to assess the challenges and opportunities for the mainstreaming of gender concerns in the use of, access to and maintenance of the gullies Avoid delay repair even in small damage or break of control structure


Unsustainable use of rehabilitated gully areas crossing different land uses owned by different land users/ Conflict Disharmony in

Identification of users and development of a use concept or management plan. Before treatment of gullies, the users should be identified and the boundaries should be clearly demarcated, the

Number of agreement signed with Sustainable users of rehabilitated gully areas Presence/absence of land users/ Conflict

Once every six months

SPMU, ESO, SLO, Project Engineer & Community members

SPMU, FPMU World Bank

800,000.00

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S/N




Measures (₦)


gully rehabilitation process should be objective oriented and responsibilities of owners in managing, maintaining and utilizing the gully should be agreed upon.

Disharmony in


Poor maintenance of vegetated area,

Maintain healthy pasture swards on slope to reduce bare ground. Minimum or no tillage techniques that protect soil structure as fine soil particles erode more readily Regular inspection.

Presence/absence of Healthy vegetation

Once every six months

Community, Site committee, SPMU

Environmental Safeguard Officer, MoE MoW, FPMU, NRO, PE & World Bank

290,000.00

Sub Total 2,130,000.00

Decommissioning

Cause soil erosion, Degrade water quality, Dust generation, Damage valuable ecosystems and habitat

Break up old surface and soilRemove and dispose of surfacing material if necessary and loosen soil of previous track to accelerate regeneration of vegetation Reshape eroded or culled surfaces with out-sloping, re-vegetate as needed..

Absence of soil erosion, water quality degradation and dust generation

All through the decommissioning and equipment/material period

Contractor, SPMU Environmental Safeguard Officer, NRO, PE, Local Government/Site Committee

930,000.00

Sub-total 930,000.0

GRAND TOTAL COST OF ESMP 3,060,000.00

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6.5 Waste Management Plan During the construction and subsequent operation and maintenance phases, it is inevitable that

discharges of materials to the environment will occur. If these are not controlled, they may act as a

source of environmental disturbance or nuisance. The rehabilitation/construction activities could

yield a variety of wastes in the form of construction materials, scrap metal, municipal wastes, etc.

For effective management, the waste management plan during construction and operation phases

will ensure that all the waste must be properly identified, minimized, segregated, properly stored,

reused, tracked, monitored and audited.

All the wastes that cannot be re-used will be safely managed and disposed of in a manner that meets

regulatory requirements. The contractor would bear the cost of managing waste generated as a result

of construction works.

Furthermore, Community waste disposal into the gully is an issue of concern as it facilitates further

degradation of the land. This requires strategic measures to address. In order to tackle this menace,

there should be

a. Provision of giant waste bins as receptacles at strategic locations within the catchment for

collection of waste materials.

b. The SPMU, State Ministry of Environment and NGO should liaise with the state’s

Environmental protection/ sanitation agency to periodically evacuate waste deposited into

the giant receptacles.

c. Awareness shall be created amongst community members not to dump waste into the gully

erosion channels.

The cost of managing solid waste disposal by community members into the gully should be captured

in the catchment management plan for the site to be prepared by a Catchment Management

Consultant to be engaged by the SPMU.

6.6 Maintenance and Inspection of Treated Gully

In order to be effective, the intervention work must be properly designed, implemented, inspected

and maintained. To maintain the integrity of the intervention work (treated gully) the site check shall

include regular inspection. Maintenance generally shall focus on the following:

Eroded areas repaired immediately.

Debris removed and repairs made where necessary from the channel.

Outlets and points where concentrated flow enters the channel.

Seeded slopes identified for signs of erosion, filling these areas slightly above original grade,

then roughen, reseed, and mulch as soon as possible.

Lined drainage channels and energy dissipaters at regular intervals and after major storms.

Sediment accumulation, piping, bank instability, and scour holes, and repair promptly

Use of sandbags during rainfall events if extra height is needed on the ridges of contour

drains.

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Repair or reinstate drains if destroyed by machinery movement or other forces.

Check dams cleaned after each significant storm event or when accumulated sediment

reaches half the height of the check dam.

To this end, inspection system shall check:

Drains after rainfall or storms and outfall for erosion

Remove any accumulated sediment deposited in diversion channels where there is a risk of

overtopping due to a lack of freeboard.

Vegetation is growing.

Check seeded slopes for signs of erosion.

Reseed areas to prevent sheet and rill erosion. Spot seed in small areas.

Lined drainage channels and energy dissipaters should be inspected at regular intervals and

after major storms.

Check dams for undermining and/or short-circuiting and keyed into the channel banks a

minimum of 18 inches to prevent flow around the dam

6.7 Gender Issues

Women are key to ensuring the sensibility and sustainability of the overall project management at

the watershed management levels especially. As key players, managers and direct actors in managing

natural resources in the watershed areas and addressing the household food security women gender

participation is critical. The empowerment of women through generating employment, knowledge

and skill development even without formal education would work well collectively through the

encouragement of formation of cooperatives amongst them. Income generating activities directly

relating to sustainable land and water management through soil, water and biodiversity conservation,

including specific technologiessuch as natural regeneration of vegetation/tree cover and agroforestry

at the local levels should be strengthened amongst the women.

The empowerment of women groups is essential for public good, to ensure for every watershed

management and opportunities at least 60% of major activities should be targeted at women. A

gender study that strives to mainstream gender concerns in the use of, access to and maintenance of

the watershed and treated gully areas is relevant. Appendix 8 outlines some information that should

be provided in an assessment of the challenges and opportunities for the gender concerns.

6.8 Environmental Monitoring and Auditing

In order to effectively and efficiently implement this ESMP, a system for monitoring and auditing

has been built into the overall management plan. Monitoring and auditing assist in the examination

of management, employee knowledge, programme responsibilities, records & effectiveness

Specifically, this shall help to:

Improve environmental and social management practices;

65


Check the efficiency and quality of the environmental management processes;

Establish the scientific reliability and credibility of the ESMP for the project and

Provide the opportunity to report the results on safeguards and impacts and proposed

mitigation measures implementation.

6.8.1 Site Inspection and Monitoring

To continually achieve the benefits of the gully treatments, site inspection and monitoring

programme shall be ensured with the following objectives:

Ensure that the Gully Erosion Treatment and Control Plan (GETCP) is appropriate for the

site and is being implemented effectively;

Ensure Gully Erosion Treatments are being appropriately maintained; and

Identify any works at the site that may be contributing to environmental harm.

6.8.2 Site Inspection and Maintenance

Following the gully treatment/remediation work or installation of erosion and sediment control

measures, a walkthrough or site inspection should be conducted to ascertain that all measures have

been implemented in the field, that erosion is being controlled, and that sediment and other

pollutants are not being transported off-site or into critical areas on-site. Any improper installation

or any repairs necessary to complete the job should be noted at this time. Another purpose of the

site walkthrough is to identify critical inspection locations and monitoring points where control

measures will need to be routinely checked for performance and checked after storm events. These

critical points must include:

• All disturbed areas of the site

• Material storage areas

• Locations where vehicles enter or exit the site

• All erosion and sediment control measures

• Discharge outfall visual monitoring points.

The control measures must be in good operating condition until the area they protect has been

completely stabilized and the construction activity is completed. In the absence of significant runoff

events, all measures must be inspected by the contractor in accordance with any schedule required

by the SPMU and Ministry of Works and before any predicted, significant rainfall.

During rainfall events, the contractor’s inspector must have the ability to call out work crews to

immediately repair the erosion and sediment control measures.

Appropriate materials and equipment should be kept on hand to enable a quick and rapid response.

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6.8.3 Site Inspection Frequency

It is recommended that during the gully erosion treatment inspection should be carried out in the

following manner:

At least daily during rainfall events;

At least weekly, even if the works are not being conducted;

Within 24 hours of a forecasted rainfall or storm event; and

Within 18 hours of a rainfall or storm event of sufficient intensity to cause run-off.

Furthermore, active sites must be inspected by the contractor daily during storm water runoff and

within 24 hours after any storm event greater than 0.5 inches in a 24-hour period. Active sites must

be inspected at least every 7 days during periods of no runoff. Any site that is inactive for greater

than 7 days must be inspected every two weeks.

Exposed areas must be stabilized and inspected before a site is left in an inactive state.

The inspector should record any damages or deficiencies in the control measures on an inspection

report form. The damage or deficiencies should be corrected as soon as practicable after the

inspection but in no case later than 7 days after the inspection. Any changes that may be required to

correct deficiencies should also be made as soon as practicable after the inspection but in no case

later than 7 days after the inspection.

Inspections oversight should rest with the SPMU supported by the Ministry of Works with local

knowledge, policies and procedures.

Inspections of erosion control works should be conducted by a person clearly identified as

responsible for this role and may be the project manager, site supervisor or principal contractor

representative etc. All inspection details should be formally documented, filed and made available

for inspection as required by PMU and relevant authorities.

6.8.4 Vegetation Establishment Monitoring

Since vegetation typically is the primary form of permanent erosion control, it is important to

ascertain how quickly and how well the vegetation is becoming established.

Monitoring for vegetation establishment should be conducted in accordance with local

requirements.. Vegetation should be monitored monthly to evaluate the following:

The type of vegetation that is growing (as compared to the type of vegetation that was

planted);

The density of vegetation that is growing, including the percent of ground that is covered;

and

Based on regular evaluations of vegetation establishment, recommendations should be made as to

whether the vegetation is establishing well, or whether additional measures should be taken, such as

over seeding, fertilizing, erosion repair, or irrigation.

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Vegetation monitoring should continue until the vegetation reaches maturity and is providing the

anticipated erosion control effectiveness.

6.8.5 Maintenance Problems

The most frequent cause of failure is lack of preventative practices and poor maintenance of

treatments administered. Erosion prevention and sediment control must be inspected regularly and

operated and maintained using specific procedures to perform properly. Installation mistakes can

also impair the performance of the measures. Inspectors should pay particular attention to

maintenance problems and installation mistakes during inspections.

6.8.6 Inspection and Maintenance Reports

Inspection reports should be prepared during each inspection conducted by the contractor or SPMU

or Ministry of Works for civil works and Ministry of Agriculture for vegetation aspect, as the case

may be. Reports should include information on damages or deficiencies, maintenance or repair

activities, monitoring information, and vegetation establishment.

Inspection reports should be kept for a period of three years after completion of final site

stabilization.

6.8.7 Environmental Monitoring

The Environmental monitoring activities shall be based on direct or indirect indicators of emissions,

effluents, and resource use applicable to the intervention works. Monitoring frequency shall be

sufficient to provide representative data for the parameter being monitored. Monitoring shall be

conducted by trained individuals (supervised by ESO) who can carry out the monitoring and record-

keeping effectively using properly calibrated and maintained equipment.

Monitoring data shall be analyzed and reviewed at regular intervals and compared with the operating

standards so that any necessary corrective actions can be taken. As part of monitoring programme,

visual inspections and quality monitoring for light attenuation should be conducted daily, for

instance.

A summary of Environmental Monitoring Plan during construction and operation is shown in table

6.9.

6.9 Reporting Procedure

The nature of issues to report and manner of reporting are outlined below:

6.9.1 Complaints Register and Environmental Incidents

The report shall be transmitted to the relevant authority by the SPMU, where necessary/applicable.

The reporting shall be with a view to taking appropriate mitigation measures.

All complaints received should be investigated and a response (even if pending further investigation)

is to be given to the complainant within 5 days.

The following information must be provided:

Time, date and nature of the incident/report;

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Type of communication (e.g. telephone, personal meeting);

Name, house location and contact telephone number of person making the complaint. If

this person wishes to remain anonymous then “not identified” is to be recorded;

Details of response and investigation undertaken as a result of the incident/complaint;

Name of person undertaking investigation of the incident/complaint;

Corrective action taken as a result of the incident/complaint.

The report shall be rendered for both internal (in-house) uses all phases of the project for internal

and external (public) consumption through the regulators.

6.9.2 Record keeping

Good records are the paper trail that will prove that this ESMP is working as intended. Keeping

records of inspection of maintenance programme for erosion control measures, training

programme, etc will be useful to demonstrate that the ESMP is being complied with or not. The

type of records from the various management and monitoring programmes include:

Completed forms, checklists and maintenance logs

Identified problems and corrective actions undertaken

Monitoring data / results

Some other types of records will also be valuable for assisting with the implementation of the ESMP

and/or ESMP Review such as:

Incident forms (especially pollution incidents and response, accidents, etc.)

Internal and external communications regarding the ESMP (e.g. with waste management)

Results of internal or external assessments and compliance visits.

6.10 Environmental and Social Impact Mitigation Monitoring Plan

Table 6.2: Environmental and Social Impact Mitigation Monitoring Plan

S/No

Activity/Issue

Mitigation Measure Implementation

Monitoring Activity

Frequency Monitoring Responsibility

Cost (N)

Environmental Monitoring Plan Construction Phase (Pre- Construction)

1 Erection of contractor construction camp

Contractor to identify suitable camp site in consultation with SPMU/ relevant MDAs Contractor obtain approval for camp site from members of the

Retain a record of discussions Retain a record of approval

After each discussion Once

SPMU/Contractor

200,000.00

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S/No

Activity/Issue


Monitoring Activity


Cost (N)

public/Local government

2 Materials testing

SPMU to include requirement for independent materials testing in contracting documents SPMU to ensure that Contractor complies with requirements

Retain copy of contracting documents with the requirement Check record of materials testing

Once When materials are delivered

SPMU Site Engineers

10,000.00

3 Operation of Contractor construction camp

Inclusion of requirement for regular watering of camp site and construction sites in contracting documents Contractor to implement approved Contractor work plan submit monthly reports on Contractor implementation of approved work plan and mitigation measures Establish and maintain public complaints register Include the following requirements for worker facilities in contracting documents - Covered rubbish bins for scraps - Adequately stocked first aid medical kits

Retain copy of contracting documents with the requirement Maintain record of implementation activities Daily monitoring Ensure all complaints are recorded in the register Maintain a record of working hours Maintain a record of discussions with local members of the public in relation to

Once Daily during dry weather condition Daily Monthly As required Once

SPMU Contractor SPMU Site Supervisor

10,000.00

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S/No

Activity/Issue


Monitoring Activity


Cost (N)

- Trained person to provide first aid assistance if required Include requirement in contracting documents for Contractor to provide facilities for disposal of solid and liquid wastes Contractor to undertake regular disposal of solid and liquid wastes undertake frequent regular monitoring to ensure compliance with requirements

requests for extension of working hours Maintain a record of any agreements for extension of working hour Retain copies of contracting documents with requirement Retain copies of waste disposal dockets Maintain a photographic record of disposal activities Maintain documentary record of monitoring activities

As required As required Daily and weekly

4 Heavy machinery operation

Ensure contracting documents include specifications relating to type, weight and operation of heavy machinery ensure that acceptance of CCMP includes consideration of heavy machinery operation Contractor to operate machinery in accordance with accepted CCMP

Retain copy of contracting documents on project files Include reference in acceptance advice Maintain record of inspections and public complaints

Once Once Weekly

SPMU/Contractor

10,000.00

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S/No

Activity/Issue


Monitoring Activity


Cost (N)

5 Excavation generally

Include requirement in contracting document for Contractor to remove and dispose of surplus material at approved sites Include the following requirements for Contractors in the contracting documents: - Provide temporary services acceptable standard where required - Undertake permanent repair works for disrupted services within specified times - Provide warning and safety signs in local language at excavation sites - Provide PPE for site workers

Maintain photographic and documentary record of Contractor material disposal activities Retain copy of approved list on project files Retain copy of contracting documents on project files Retain copy of contracting documents on project files Maintain duplicate copies record of Contractor performance Maintain photographic and documentary record of Contractor performance

Daily Once

SPMU SPMU/Contractor

10,000.00

6 Management of spills and construction debris

Ensure that requirements relating to spill management and debris are included in contracting documents Ensure that Contractor addresses spill management and debris removal as criteria for acceptable Contractor

Retain copy of contracting documents on project files Maintain photographic and documentary record of Contractor

Once Daily

SPMU/Contractor

20,000.00

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S/No

Activity/Issue


Monitoring Activity


Cost (N)

work plan Ensure that Contractor to promptly attend to any spills

performance

7 Social issues

Continual undertake public consultation Conclude all resettlement issues that may arise SPMU to include requirement for continual stakeholder consultations and public enlightenment in contracting documents

Retain copies of minutes of discussions

After each discussion

SPMU/Contractor

20,000.00

8 Health and Safety Issues

a) SPMU to include requirement for contract document need for contractor to mount in advance of the construction work awareness campaign relevant to health and safety and adequate road signs to warn pedestrians and motorists of construction activities, diversions, etc. provided at appropriate points.

Retain copy of contracting documents on project files Maintain photographic and documentary record of Contractor performance

Once

SPMU/Contractor

50,000.00

9 Traffic Safety and Traffic Managemnt

a) SPMU to include requirement for contract document need for contractor b) to ensure public safety, and meet traffic safety requirements for the operation of work to avoid accidents. c) be responsible for the safety along the corridor related to the site, d) provide and maintain necessary barricades, suitable and sufficient

Retain copy of contracting documents on project files Maintain photographic and documentary record of Contractor performance

Once

SPMU/Contractor

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S/No

Activity/Issue


Monitoring Activity


Cost (N)

flashlights, flagmen, danger signals, and signs. e) Submit weekly activities schedule and the locations of his work along the

Sub-Total for Pre- Construction Monitoring 330,000.00

Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan during Construction and Operation

Air quality

Dust Visual Observation at location of activities

Everyday during construction

SPMU/Contractor

100,000.00

PM, SO2, CO, NOX , CO2

Ambient air monitoring using standard method of sampling and analysis at established sampled locations for the baseline data

Annually or where visual observations indicate unpleasant scenario

SPMU/Contractor

Noise Level Disturbance/pinch

Everyday during construction

Contractor 50,000.00

Level Sensor measurement around the premises at established sampled locations for the baseline data

annually SPMU/Contractor

Erosion Top soil movement/ground cutting Control and retention of disturbed soil at earthwork

Visual assessment

Routinely during construction

Contractor 100,000.00

Water Quality

pH, TSS, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Chlorine, total residual, Phenols, Total coliform bacteria, Temp, etc

Standard method of sampling and analyses at established sampled locations for the

Where it is established that construction caused impact

Contractor/ Consultant

150,000.00

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S/No

Activity/Issue


Monitoring Activity


Cost (N)

baseline data

Annually SPMU/ Consultant,

Soil Quality

pH, Conductivity, Heavy Metals, TOC, Total Hydrocarbons, Cations

Sampling and analyses at designated locations

• monthly during construction; • Quarterly during the first 3 years of operation; • Half yearly Subsequently

150,000.00

Sediment retention pond

Sediment build-up Visual Assessment& decants/level spreaders/fore bay

After all rain. During heavy rain

Contractors/Site Committee members/SPMU

125,000.00

Vegetal Cover

Vegetation growing well & maintained

Visual assessment

Routinely Contractors/Site Committee members/SPMU

100,00.00

General Waste Management

Reduction, Segregation protocols, proper handling, storage, treatment, and transportation

Visual Assessment, General Aesthetics, hazard free environment along the corridor

Routinely, Daily

Contractor/HSE Officer

150,000.00

Training Responsible HSE behavior and culture

General HSE Awareness and specific training for workers

Routinely and as need arises

SPMU, Contractor

See table 6.6

Socio-economics

Project benefit opinions, Lifestyle, no of livelihoods opportunities created, income, gender

Questionnaires, direct observations and interviews.

Once in two years

SPMU 100,000.00

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S/No

Activity/Issue


Monitoring Activity


Cost (N)

characteristics, no of women participating in watershed management programs, etc

Health & Safety

Incidents Hazard assessment

Before Start of work and routinely

Contractor/SPMU Management

135,000.00

Sub-Total for Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan during Construction and Operation

N1,160,000.00

Grand Total for Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan during Construction and Operation

N1,490,000.00

6.11 Disclosures and Public Consultation Plan All reasonable efforts must be made to disclose/display this ESMP to the public at strategic points within the project’s area of influence so as to allow all stakeholders read and understand how they stand to be affected by the project, and if they do not agree with, to make their grievance known before the start of the project. It should also be disclosed at the Federal Ministry of Environment and the Anambra State Ministry of Environment, Beautification and Ecology. A key element of sustaining stakeholders’ support in any project execution is to consult and

communicate with the stakeholders effectively and to engage them as early as possible with the

project which has been done during the preparation of this ESMP and further enhanced in the

course of preparation of the intervention work. Like any other business function, stakeholder

engagement needs to be managed and driven by a well-defined strategy. Table 6.3 provides a

Summary of the stakeholder engagement plan while Appendix 5 provides Stakeholder Engagement

and Communication Process.

Table 6.3: Summary of the planned stakeholder engagement schedule

Activity Stakeholders / Community Frequency / Timeline

Pre-Construction / Prior to Project Commencement Project email, postal address and contact details

All stakeholders Once-off establishment

Fact Sheet and FAQ sheets All stakeholders As required, subject to any updates on the Project

Briefings State Government , Local Government, Site committee, World Bank

As required, subject to the approvals process

Newsletters, Media and Advertising

All stakeholders As required, subject to any updates on the Project

Site tours Regulators, Site Committee, community, World Bank, etc.

As required

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Activity Stakeholders / Community Frequency / Timeline

Personal meetings Targeted stakeholders As required

Community Sessions Residents of affected areas/ Community and interest groups

As required, subject to approvals route and feedback from the community

Develop and disseminate Feedback and Complaints Mechanism and communications procedures

All stakeholders As required, subject to any updates on the Project

Briefings, Site Tours and Community Sessions - for development of the Rehabilitation and Closure Plan

Government authorities, Local communities, • Additional relevant stakeholders

Prior to Work Plan approval

Advertising / media release (update on milestones)

All stakeholders Regular

Project lunch All stakeholders Before civil works

Construction and operations

Ongoing community liaison Local community Ongoing

Project updates All stakeholders Monthly

Responding to issues and inquiries as per Feedback and Complaints Mechanism

All stakeholders Ongoing / as required

Annual reporting All stakeholders Annually

Personal meetings All stakeholders Ongoing / as required

6.12 Institutional Arrangement, Capacity Building & Training 6.12.1 Institutional Arrangements

Since one of the main purposes of ESMPs is to establish responsibility for the activities that have to

be undertaken, this sub-section details below, institutional arrangements and the roles and

responsibilities of the various institutions in the implementation of the ESMP as outlined in Table

6.4.

Table 6.4: Institutional Responsibilities

S/No Category Roles & Responsibilities

1

SPMU Environmental Safeguards / Social Officer

Implementing authority, has the mandate to:

Co-ordinate all policies, programmes and actions of all road construction across the States

Ensure the smooth and efficient implementation of the project’s various technical programmes

Cooperate through a Steering Committee that provides guidance to the technical aspects of all project activities;

Maintain and manage all funds effectively and

77



efficiently for the projects

2

Engineering Design and supervision Consultants

Site assessment and monitoring of works and engineering activities

3

State Ministry of Environment,

Support adherence to this ESMP and applicable standards, environmental and social liability investigations, Monitoring and evaluation process and criteria

4

Ministry of Lands, Survey and Urban

Compliance overseer at State Level, on matters of Land Acquisition and compensation and other resettlement issues,

Other MDAs Come in as and when relevant areas or resources under their jurisdiction or management are likely to be affected by or implicated projects such as utility.

5

World Bank Recommend additional measures for strengthening the management framework and implementation performance.

6

Site Manager Ensure land disturbance activities are conducted in accordance with relevant legislation;

Minimize on-site erosion and control sediment in accordance with the site Erosion and Sediment Control Plan;

Communicate the content of, and any changes to the site Erosion and Sediment

Control Plan to all employees and contractors;

Inspect the operation of erosion and sediment control devices and initiate repair or maintenance as required;

Instruct employees and contractors in the purpose and operation of erosion and sediment control devices and the need to maintain these devices in proper working order at all times;

Provide adequate onsite waste collection bins, ensure proper disposal, not to litter and not to create environmental nuisance;

7 Contractor Compliance to BOQ specification in procurement of material and construction and adherence to the ESMP and good practice

8 Site Environmental Officer /Site Engineers

Provide oversight function during construction and decommissioning to ensure adherence to good practice and the ESMP

9 Site Committee Ensure compliance to BOQ and quality

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10

Local government Support in monitoring project execution within their domains to ensure compliance with this ESMP and other relevant requirements

11

Local Community Assist and Liaise with other stakeholders to ensure proper siting and provision of approval for such sites

Support with provision of necessary infrastructures and engage/ encourage carrying out comprehensive and practical awareness campaign for the proposed projects, amongst the various relevant grass roots interest groups.

12

CDA/CDOs

13

NGOs/CSOs Assisting in their respective ways to ensure effective response actions, Conducting scientific researches alongside government groups to evolve and devise sustainable environmental strategies and rehabilitation techniques, Organizing, coordinating and ensuring safe use of volunteers in a response action, and actually identifying where these volunteers can best render services effectively & Providing wide support assistance helpful in management planning, institutional/governance issues and other livelihood related matter, Project impacts and mitigation measure, Awareness campaigns

14 Others/General Public Identify issues that could derail the project

Support project impacts and mitigation measures, Awareness campaigns

6.12.2 Capacity Building and Training Based on the interaction with the relevant stakeholders, assessment and determination of the

characteristics of all the relevant stakeholders with key roles in the project as well as the assessment

of the institutional capacities of the different parties shall be involved in the ESMP implementation;

areas of awareness creation and training/capacity building/strengthening have been identified.

To enhance the respective roles and collaboration of the relevant stakeholders, the following broad

areas for capacity building have been identified as deserving of attention for effective

implementation of the ESMP. Specific areas for effective institutional capacity needs are given in

Table 6.5.

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Table 6.5: Training Modules on Environment and Social Management

Programme Description Participants Form Of Training

Duration/Location

Training Conducting Agency

Cost (#)

Sensitization Workshop

Introduction to Environment: Basic Concept of Environment, Environmental Regulations and Statutory requirements as per Government and World bank

Environmental/Safeguard Unit, Engineers and other relevant groups

Workshop 1 Working Day

SPMU Environmental Safeguards Unit

200,000.00

Module I Introduction to Environment: Basic Concept of Environment, Environmental Regulations and Statutory requirements as per Government and World bank

Environmental SafeguardsEngineer/MoE

Lecture ¼ Working Day

Environmental & Social Specialists

100,000.00

Module II ESMP and its integration into Designs: Methodology of Assessment of Pollution Monitoring,

SPMU Engineer, Contractors/MOE,

Lecture and Field Visit

½ Working Day

Environmental & Social Specialists of Design Consultant/External Agency engaged for capacity

150,000.00

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Duration/Location


Cost (#)

Methodology for site selection of waste disposal areas, e.t.c.

building

Module III Civil works and use of Vegetation for gully stabilization in environmental management practices: Roles and Responsibilities of officials/contractors/consultants towards protection of environment and Implementation Arrangements Monitoring mechanisms

Officials of MoE, and other line MDAs

Workshop ½ day Environmental & Social Safeguards, Natural Resources building

150,000.00

Module IV Monitoring and reporting system Community Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation

Engineers, MoE, & relevant MDAs, Community leaders/CDOs/NGOs

Workshop ½ day Environmental & Social Specialists /Design Consultant/External Agency engaged for capacity building

100,000.00

Module IV Alternative income

Community liaison and

hands-on To be determined

Environmental & Social

Seen as part of the normal

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Duration/Location


Cost (#)

generation program -income generating activities with [adequate] commercial potential in the agricultural and non-farm sectors. Agricultural methods and technology to increasingproduction on non-affected land and enhancing the treatment works at the gully site. Skill for off-farm work within or outside of the affected area

support professional, site committee members, local government staff, etc

Specialists of Design Consultant/External Agency engaged for capacity building/World Bank

operation cost

Total 700,000.00

6.13 Review and Revision of the ESMP

There is need to review and update the ESMP regularly to ensure it reflects the unfolding situation

that could occur on site and take into account changes that have occurred since this first version.

The changes could be in the project description or new requirements/legislation coming into effect

in the course of the project execution.

Any changes to the ESMP need to be reflected in the information in the ESMP about the site

pollution controls and/or programmes and systems. Each of these will therefore also need to be

82


updated. A copy of the revised version will be sent to relevant regulatory authorities as the case

maybe.

6.14 ESMP Budget and Schedule of Work

ESMPs have associated costs. Thus to effectively implement the environmental and social

management measures necessary budgetary provisions shall be made for this ESMP. The Budgets

for the ESMP include the environmental management costs other than the good engineering

practices, cost of environmental and resettlement monitoring. All administrative costs for

implementing the ESMP shall be budgeted for as part of the project costing.

The cost of each measure have been estimated and included in the overall ESMP budget as indicated

in Table 6.6 to be N5,775,000.00 (Five million, Seven hundred and Seventy Five thousand Naira

only) . The key elements of the implementation schedule are shown in the Table 6.7.

Table 6.6: ESMP Budget Summary

S/NO ELEMENT RESPONSIBLE ₦

1 Mitigation Measures SPMU ESO, Contractor, MH, MOE & MOW

3,060,000.00

2 Environmental Audit SPMU Environmental Safeguards, SLO, Monitoring and Evaluation

1,490,000.00

3 Training SPMU , Contractor/HSE Officer, Consultant,

700,000.00

Sub-total 5,250,000.00

10% contingency 525,000.00

Grand total 5,775,000.00 / 16,041.7USD

Exchange rate used is ₦360 = 1USD

Table 6.7: ESMP Budget and Implementation Schedule

S/N Activity

Description Responsible

MONTH (Construction) Operation

Gully Pre-Treatment

Gully Treatment

Period

Gully Treatment Maintenance

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 Disclosure of ESMP Report PMU

2

Allocating Budget for ESMP PMU

83


S/N Activity

Description Responsible

MONTH (Construction) Operation

Gully Pre-Treatment

Gully Treatment

Period

Gully Treatment Maintenance

1 2 3 4 5 6

3

Review and Approval of Contractor’s ESMP and Sediment, Waste & Safety Plan PMU

4

Finalisation of Engineering Designs PMU/Contractor

5

Implementation of Mitigation Measures PMU/Contractor

6

Supervising ESMP Implementation PMU/Contractor

7 Environmental Auditing

PMU/FMENV/MoE/ Environmental Consultant

A year after construction

8

Monitoring & Reporting on ESMP Implementation PMU /Contractor

9 Environmental Training

Contractor/HSE Consultant

6.15 ESMP Funding Source

The implementation of this ESMP is to be funded by the Civil Works Contractor. This includes the

financing of all mitigation measures.

6.16 Contractor HSE Officer

In implementation of this ESMP, the contractor is expected to have a Health- Safety- and

Environment officer (HSE) on site that shall implement the ESMP. HSE Officer of the ESMP

Supervising firm shall monitor and report to the SPMU Environmental Safeguards Officer.

This is different from the site Engineer.

The Contractor’s HSE officer shall see to

Environmental Management issues

Health and Occupational hazards

Adequate sanitary condition on site

See to the provision of Safety kits

Keep accident registers and records etc.

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6.17 ESMP Reporting Obligation

Project performance monitoring has the overall objective of achieving the desired outcomes through reporting of as measurable events or parameters or aspects that can be monitored and verified. The following reporting sequence is proposed for the ESMP implementation

The Contractor shall submit Monthly report on the implementation of this ESMP to Anambra State NEWMAP Environmental Safeguards Officer through the ESMP Supervising Consultant.

The SPMU shall prepare monthly ESMP monitoring and accomplishment reports to be submitted to FPMU and the WB.

This reporting cycle should be repeated as the feedback mechanism scheme to all key players

consisting of the affected stakeholders, Site Committee, Focal NGO, CBOs/CDOs, Contractors,

SPMU, etc.

The reports must reach the ESO within the first week of succeeding month in hard/soft copies.

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CHAPTER SEVEN

7.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION The proposed intervention work is designed to improved erosion management and gully rehabilitation which will provide for:

Environmental improvements due to land stabilization measures which preserve the landscape and biodiversity.



Reduced siltation in rivers leading to less flooding and the preservation of the water systems for improved access to domestic water supply.


Progressively restore vegetative cover, improved environmental conditions and more humid local microclimates expected to results in increased vegetation cover for wildlife and carbon sequestration.

Enhancement of multipliers effects such as as employment opportunities, poverty reduction, enhanced national reputation and cultural promotion, among others is expected. The report also revealed some negative impacts that were identified. Thus, this ESMP has revealed that:

Potential impacts of sufficient magnitude that could interrupt the execution of the project were not detected. Although, there were few negative impacts that may potentially occur due to the activities associated with the proposed works but adequate and SMART measures have been provided to address them.

Appropriate institutional framework has been drawn up to implement the mitigation measures and environmental management plan while the proposed monitoring programmes shall be set in motion as soon as possible.

The proposed intervention work is most desirable because of the obvious environmental, health and socio-economic benefits. These far out-weigh the negative impacts that could arise in the course of implementation.

Mitigation measures and management plans have been suggested and developed for the negative impacts.

Generally, the study has indicated that the establishment of the proposed project will not severely

impact negatively on the existing environmental, social and health as well as safe conditions of the

people, locally, nationally or internationally. This inference is further made strong, owing to the fact

that a number of the equipment that would be used at the location would be modern equipment and

technologies that have the potentials not to constitute further environmental burdens in relation to

the present existing environmental conditions.

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References Commonwealth of Australia (1999): National Water Quality Management Strategy, Effluent Management Guidelines for Intensive Piggeries in Australia CSIR. 2002. Guidelines for standardised Environmental Management Plans for projects within the water resource management component of the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. CSIR Report ENV-P-C 2002-032. Prepared for DWAF, Directorate: Social and Ecological Services, Pretoria. Department of Environmental Affairs & Tourism (DEAT). 2004b. Environmental Management Plans, Integrated Environmental Management Information Series 12. Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria. Hill R.C. (2000): Integrated Environmental Management Systems in the implementation of projects. South African Journal of Science 96: 50-54. Lochner, P. (2005): Guideline for Environmental Management Plans. CSIR Report No ENV-S-C 2005-053 H. Republic of South Africa, Provincial Government of the Western Cape, Department of Environmental Affairs & Development Planning, Cape Town. Ministry Of Agriculture And Animal Resources (Minagri) (2010): Environmental Management Plan (EMP) For Nyanza 23 Sub Project , Land Husbandry, Water Harvesting And Hillside Irrigation Project (LWH) Prepared by Green and Clean Solution Ltd Multiple Development Services (MDS )(2010): Environmental Management Plan for Infrastructure (a Multi-level Office Building Complex in Lekki, Lagos Ramsay , J. (2006): Compendium on Relevant Practices on Improved Decision-Making, Planning and Management of Dams and their Alternatives, Key Issue – Environmental Management Plans, Final Report , United Nations Environment Programme Dams and Development Project, November UNEP (1988): Environmental Impact Assessment , Basic procedures for developing Countries. World Bank (1999 ): Environmental Management Plan , OP 4.01 - Annex C January, po Federal Republic of Nigeria (1999): Summary of The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study Second National Fadama Development Project (NFDP II) Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (2003): Third National Fadama Development Project (Fadama III), Rural Infrastructure, Manual No. 4, August Okpoko, E, Egboka B., Anike, L &Okoro, E.(2013): Rainfall Harvesting as an Alternative Water Supply in Water Stressed Communities in Aguata-Awka Area of Southeastern Nigeria in Environ. Eng. Res. 2013 June,18(2) : 95-101

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J. Poesena, J., Nachtergaelea, J., Verstraetena, G., &Valentinb, C (2002): Gully erosion and environmental change: importance and research needs, Catena 50 (2003) 91–13, www.elsevier.com/locate/catena LAKEW DESTA & BELAYNEH ADUGNA (2012): A Field Guide onGully Prevention and Control A Field Guide on Gully Prevention and Control, Nile Basin Initiative Eastern Nile Subsidiary Action Program (ENS AP) Umec Associates, a Consulting Civil, Structural and Water Resources Engineering firm, is one of the consultants engaged by the Anambra State Ministry of Environment to study and design appropriate erosion control structures for St. Thomas Aquinas/Neros Plaza gully gully erosion site, Uzoije, A.P, onunkwo, A, A, Ibeneme, S.I and Obioha, E.Y (2014): Hydrogeology Of Nsukka Southeast, – A Preliminary Approach To Water Resources Development, in American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) e-ISSN : 2320-0847 p-ISSN : 2320-0936 Volume-03, Issue-01, pp-150-162 Civil Contractors Federation (,2011):ENVIRONMENTAL BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE GUIDELINEs EROSION & SEDIMENT CONTROL Otti V. I., Ejikeme, I. R., Nwafor, A.U. (The Environmental Effects of the Drainage System and Flood Control in Awka Urban City International Journal of Engineering and Technology Volume 3 No. 1, January, 2013 ISSN: 2049-3444 © 2013 – IJET Publications UK. All rights reserved. 28 Awogbemi, A. (2013): Project Baseline Assessment Voice to the People (V2P): Making Governance Work for Poor and Marginalised People, Prepared for Christian Aid Nigeria, October. Nigerian Meteorological Agency. Nigeria climatic data: Umuhaia. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2013.18.2.095 Catchment & Creeks Pty Ltd, 2010: Gully Erosion - Part 2 Assessment of Treatment Options

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8.0 ANNEXES

8.1 Terms of Reference for the Preparation of an Environmental and Social

Management Plan (ESMP)

NIGERIA EROSION AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROJECT

ANAMBRA STATE PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT

TERMS OF REFERENCE

PREPARATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)

FOR NEW JUDICIARY/FEDERAL HIGH COURT GULLY EROSION SITE, AWKA

BACKGROUND:

The Government of Nigeria is implementing the multi-sectoral Nigeria Erosion and Watershed

Management Project (NEWMAP), which is financed by the World Bank, Global Environment

Facility, the Special Climate Change Fund, and the Government of Nigeria. NEWMAP finances

activities implemented by States and activities implemented by the Federal Government. The Project

is currently implemented in 19 States, namely Anambra, Abia, Cross River, Edo, Enugu, Ebonyi,

Imo, Kogi, Gombe, Delta, Plateau, Sokoto, Oyo, Kano, Katsina, Nasarawa, Akwa-Ibom, Niger,

Borno.

The lead agency at the Federal level is the Federal Ministry of Environment (FME), Department of

Erosion, Flood and Coastal Zone Management. State and Local Governments, Local Communities

and CSOs are or will be involved in the Project, given that the Project is a multi-sector operation

involving MDAs concerned with Water Resources Management, Public Works, Agriculture,

Regional and Town Planning, Earth and Natural Resources Information and disaster risk

Management.

The development objective of NEWMAP is: to rehabilitate degraded lands and reduce longer-term

erosion vulnerability in targeted areas. At State level, NEWMAP activities involve medium-sized

civil works such as construction of infrastructure and/or stabilization or rehabilitation in and around

the gullies themselves, as well as small works in the small watershed where gullies form and expand.

These works trigger the World Bank's Safeguard Policies including Environmental Assessment OP

4.01; Natural Habitats OP 4.04; Cultural Property OP 11.03; Involuntary Resettlement OP4.12

Safety of Dams OP 4.37; Pest Management Safeguard Policy OP 4.09; and Projects on International

Waterways OP 7.50. The environmental and social safeguards concerns are being addressed through

two national instruments already prepared under the project: An Environmental and Social

Management Framework (ESMF) and a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF). These framework

instruments need to be translated into specificcosted, measurable and monitorable actions for

specific intervention sites through the preparation of site specific management and action plans.

ESMF: In general, the ESMF specifies the procedures to be used for preparing,approving and

implementing (i) Environmental/Social Assessments (ESA’s or alternately both SA or EA) and/or

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(ii) Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMP’s or alternately both an EMP and SMP) for

individual civil works packages developed for each project.ESMP’s are essential for category B

projects.

RPF:Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) applies when land acquisition leads to the temporary or

permanent physical displacement of persons and/or loss of shelter and/or loss of livelihoods

and/or loss denial or restriction of access to economic resources due to project activities.It sets out

the resettlement and compensation principles, organizational arrangements and design criteria to be

applied to meet the needs of project- affected people and specifies the contents of a Resettlement

Action Plan (RAP) for each package of investments.

Objective and Scope of the Consultancy

The objective of the consulting services is to prepare an Environmental and Social Management

Plan (ESMP) for New Judiciary /Federal High Court gully erosion site inAwka, Anambra State. The

site is located near the Federal high court / Federal secretariat complex Awka. The gully is located at

N06 14 49 and E007 21 22.

Each ESMP is site-specific and consists of a well-documented set of mitigation, monitoring and

institutional actions to be taken before and during implementation to eliminate adverse

environmental and social impacts, offset them or reduce them to acceptable levels.Each ESMP also

includes the measures needed to implement these actions, addressing the adequacy of the

monitoring and institutional arrangements for the upper and lower watersheds in the intervention

site.

The consultant will work in close collaboration withthe engineering design consultants and

NEWMAP State Project Management Units (SPMU) safeguard team and with other actors as

directed by the SPMU. In that respect the sequencing of the technical/feasibility studies and the

ESMP will be critical. The consultant will have to receive the draft technical/feasibility studies in

order to take into account the technical variants of the proposed activities and also in return inform

the technical design consultants of any major constraint that may arise due to the social and

environmental situation on the ground.

In each intervention site the consultant will visit the full sub-watershed as delimited in the given

gully stabilization design.These sub-watersheds are an average of four square kilometers in southern

Nigeria. The consultant will take into account the proposed civil engineering designs, vegetative land

management measures and other activities aimed at reducing or managing runoff that would be

carried out within the sub-watershed.The consultant will assess natural resources and infrastructure

potentially affected during project implementation and operation and selects the management

strategies needed to ensure that environmental risks are appropriately mitigated.

Tasks of the Consultant include the following:

a. Describe the existing status of the sub watershed and gullies;

b. Identify the environmental and social issues/risks associated with the existing conditions;

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c. Select and measure appropriate baseline indicators (for example, m3/sec of runoff collected

in the sub watershed during a heavy hour-long rainfall);

d. Develop a plan for mitigating environmental andsocial risks associated with construction

andoperation in the gully in consultation with the relevant public and government agencies;

Identify feasible and cost-effective measures that may reduce potentially significant adverse

environmental and social impacts to acceptable levels;

e. Develop a time-bound plan for mitigating environmental and social risks associated with the

sub-watershed management in consultation with relevant public and government agencies;

Identify feasible and cost effective measures that may reduce potentially significant adverse

environmental and social impacts to acceptable levels;

f. Identify monitoring objectives and specifies the type of monitoring, with linkages to the

impacts assessed and the mitigation measures described above (as in a-e);

g. Provide a specific description of institutional arrangements: the agencies responsible for

carrying out the mitigation and monitoring measures (e.g. for operation, supervision,

enforcement, monitoring of implementation, remedial action, financing reporting, and staff

training) and the contractual arrangements for assuring the performance of each

implementing agency;

h. Define technical assistance programs that could strengthen environmental management

capability in the agencies responsible for implementation;

i. Provide an implementation schedule for measures that must be carried out as part of the

project showing phasing and coordination with overall project implementation plans; and

j. Provide the expected capital and recurrent cost estimates and sources of the funds for

implementing the ESMP and inform accordingly the designconsultants so that these costs

are duly taken into consideration in the designs.

k. In collaboration with SPMU, implement actions that would lead to in-house technical review

of the ESMP by Federal Ministry of Environment and subsequent issuance of

EIS/Certificate

RATIONALE FOR THE STUDY

Anambra State is situated in high rainfall area and is prone to high-intensity surface run-offs which

lead to the formation of gully erosion. Studies have shown that road construction and poorly-

terminated drains/culverts contribute immensely to the acceleration and formation of active gully

erosion sites in rural and semi-urban areas. Gully sites can be heavily or lightly populate with critical

infrastructure found within the watershed. Storm water run-off is moderate to heavy, causing major

damage to infrastructure along their path with loss of properties and livelihood, with occasional

fatalities. Many houses have fallen intothegullies and many more are in the verge of being consumed.

The social, economic losses and the threats posed by gullies in high-density areasis source of great

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apprehension, needing timely intervention. Solving the erosion menace in Anambra will bring social

relief, security of lives and properties and overall economic development.

The Following Socio-economic issues shall be addressed in the ESMP

Summary of the impacted communities for the project location access population number

demographic and social characteristics economy employment rate income distribution

services types capacity and adequacy and housing concern is the ability to provide workforce

service new development and absorb and adjust to growth worker/family)

Summary of the views of the population including vulnerable groups determined through

thoroughly documented discussions with local communities. The meetings and discussions

must be documented and should show how issues and problems raised will be resolved.

Note that an Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP) could be developed for each

site and is covered under a separate Terms of Reference (TOR).

Cultural summarize the possible effects of the project on historical archaeological sites,

heritage artifacts, native religious or harvest sites of the affected communities and

identification of development of mechanisms for handling chance findings.

Information will be gathered from field surveys and secondary datasources, interviews,

structured questionnaires,in-depth interviews and focus group discussions.

Qualifications of the Consultant

The consultant/firm must have qualified expertise in the practices relevant to this

assignment. It must demonstrate that at least one of its key personnel possesses an advanced

degreein relevant fields including but not limited to civil engineering, environmental

engineering, environmental services or the social sciences.

Availability of key staff with requisite qualifications in the field of assignment. Minimum

experience should be Eight (8) years with a minimum specific experience of Four (4) years in

planning related to infrastructure development or disaster response.

General experience of the Consultant/ firm in consulting services relating to ESMP/ARAP

during the last 4 years.

Demonstrate verifiable experience of working in a similar geographical region.

The Consultant / firm must demonstrate requisite experience in design and preparation of

an ESMP for social or infrastructure projects. The firm must have competency and

documented experience in social and environmental scientific analysis and development of

operational action plans.

The Consultant /firm must have a working knowledge of World Bank’s operational

safeguards policies gained through hands-on experience in the preparation and

implementation of environmental and social management plans in urban and semi-urban and

rural areas.

Duration of Assignment

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The assignment is meant to be on a rapid intervention platform and is expected to be delivered

speedily to save the federal secretariat and the federal high court.

The duration of the assignment from contract signing to final report is six (6) weeks making 42 days.

Deliverables /Timing and payment Schedule

Week 1: Inception Report to be delivered One (1) week after mobilization to site.

The Consultant will be due for 20% payment on submission of inception report.

Week 2: A draft of ESMP Report will be submitted for comments within two (2) weeks

from mobilization to site.


Week 4: Final draft of ESMP report will take into account all comments and will be

submitted to the SPMU.


Week 6: Final ESMP report that is acceptable to Anambra NEWMAP and to the World

Bank with a comprehensive database of relevant information collected in Microsoft Excel

format.Final ESMP report shall be submitted in Five (5) bound hard copies and One (1)

copy on CD-ROM.

Negotiation with FMENV for in-house technical review and pursuance of Certificate


The drafts and final reports submitted to the client and all relevant data and information

contained therein, compiled by the consultant in the course of this assignment shall be deemed

the property of the client the client shall be free to make full use of draft and final reports, data

and information received pursuant to this contract at its own discretion.

Project-specific Background Documents

Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF)

Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

NEWMAP Project Appraisal Document (PAD)

NEWMAP Project Implementation Manual (PIM)

World Bank Safeguards policies

Intervention design

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Layout of Report

Chapter 1: Background of ESMP Activity

Chapter 2: Institutional and legal framework for environmental management

Discussions onWorld Bank safeguard policies triggered by NEWMAP and the proposed

activity.

Summary of relevant local and federal policy legal regulatory and administrative frameworks.

Chapter 3: Biophysical Environment

Description of the area of influence and environmental baseline conditions.

Chapter 4: Socio-economic Characteristics & Consultation with Stakeholders

Analysis of existing livelihoods opportunities, income, gender characteristics age profile,

health, transport and access to existing community structures at watershed community,

household and individual levels.

Analysis of existing formal and informal grievance redress mechanisms in and around the

intervention areas.

Presentation of consultants with relevant stakeholders and affected persons.

Other topics as relevant

Chapter 5: Assessment of potential adverse impacts and analysis of alternatives

Methods and techniques used in assessing and analyzing the environmental and social

impacts of the proposed project.

Discussion of alternatives to the current project and reasons for their rejection including

short description of likely future scenario without intervention.

Discussion of the potentially significant adverse environmental and social impacts of the

proposed project.

Chapter 6: Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) including:

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Discussion of the proposed mitigation measures

Institutional responsibilities and accountabilities

Capacity building plan

Public consultation plan

Description of “Grievance Redress Mechanism” in alignment with the ESMF, RPF, RAP

and project implementation manual to address situations of conflicts or disagreements about

some of the project activities.

Monitoring and Evaluationplan including suitable indicators for the proposed project

Cost of implementing the ESMP

Chapter 7: Summary, Recommendations and Conclusion

Annex 1: List of Persons Met

Annex 2: Summary of World Bank Safeguard Policies

Annex 3: General Environmental Management Conditions for Construction Contracts/Civil

Works.

Annex 4: References

Annex 5: Summary of the database of information collected for ESMP

Annex 6: Maps

Annex 7: Photos/Videos

8.2 General Environmental Management Conditions for Construction Contracts

1. In addition to these general conditions, the Contractor shall comply with any specific

Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the works he is responsible for. The

Contractor shall inform himself about such an ESMP, and prepare his work strategy and plan to

fully take into account relevant provisions of that ESMP. If the Contractor fails to implement

the approved ESMP after written instruction by the Supervising Engineer (SE) to fulfil his

obligation within the requested time, the Owner reserves the right to arrange through the SE for

execution of the missing action by a third party on account of the Contractor.

2. Notwithstanding the Contractor’s obligation under the above clause, the Contractor shall

implement all measures necessary to avoid undesirable adverse environmental and social impacts

wherever possible, restore work sites to acceptable standards, and abide by any environmental

performance requirements specified in an ESMP. In general these measures shall include but not

be limited to:

a) Minimize the effect of dust on the surrounding environment resulting from earth mixing

sites, asphalt mixing sites, dispersing coal ashes, vibrating equipment, temporary access

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roads, etc. to ensure safety, health and the protection of workers and communities living in

the vicinity of dust producing activities.

b) Ensure that noise levels emanating from machinery, vehicles and noisy construction

activities (e.g. excavation, blasting) are kept at a minimum for the safety, health and

protection of workers within the vicinity of high noise levels and nearby communities.

c) Ensure that existing water flow regimes in rivers, streams and other natural or irrigation

channels is maintained and/or re-established where they are disrupted due to works being

carried out.

d) Prevent bitumen, oils, lubricants and waste water used or produced during the execution of

works from entering into rivers, streams, irrigation channels and other natural water

bodies/reservoirs, and also ensure that stagnant water in uncovered borrow pits is treated in

the best way to avoid creating possible breeding grounds for mosquitoes.

e) Prevent and minimize the impacts of quarrying, earth borrowing, piling and building of

temporary construction camps and access roads on the biophysical environment including

protected areas and arable lands; local communities and their settlements. In as much as

possible restore/rehabilitate all sites to acceptable standards.

f) Upon discovery of ancient heritage, relics or anything that might or believed to be of

archaeological or historical importance during the execution of works, immediately report

such findings to the SE so that the appropriate authorities may be expeditiously contacted

for fulfilment of the measures aimed at protecting such historical or archaeological

resources.

g) Discourage construction workers from engaging in the exploitation of natural resources

such as hunting, fishing, and collection of forest products or any other activity that might

have a negative impact on the social and economic welfare of the local communities.

h) Implement soil erosion control measures in order to avoid surface run off and prevents

siltation, etc.

i) Ensure that garbage, sanitation and drinking water facilities are provided in construction

worker scamps.

j) Ensure that, in as much as possible, local materials are used to avoid importation of foreign

material and long distance transportation.

k) Ensure public safety, and meet traffic safety requirements for the operation of work to avoid

accidents.

3. The Contractor shall indicate the period within which he/she shall maintain status on site

after completion of civil works to ensure that significant adverse impacts arising from such

works have been appropriately addressed.

4. The Contractor shall adhere to the proposed activity implementation schedule and the

monitoring plan / strategy to ensure effective feedback of monitoring information to project

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management so that impact management can be implemented properly, and if necessary, adapt

to changing and unforeseen conditions.

5. Besides the regular inspection of the sites by the Supervising Engineer for adherence to the

contract conditions and specifications, the Owner may appoint an Inspector to oversee the

compliance with these environmental conditions and any proposed mitigation measures. State

environmental authorities may carry out similar inspection duties. In all cases, as directed by the

SE, the Contractor shall comply with directives from such inspectors to implement measures

required to ensure the adequacy rehabilitation measures carried out on the bio-physical

environment and compensation for socio-economic disruption resulting from implementation

of any works.

6. All vessels (drums, containers, bags, etc.) containing oil/fuel/surfacing materials and other

hazardous chemicals shall be bonded in order to contain spillage. All waste containers, litter and

any other waste generated during the construction shall be collected and disposed off at

designated disposal sites in line with applicable government waste management regulations.

7. All drainage and effluent from storage areas, workshops and camp sites shall be captured

and treated before being discharged into the drainage system in line with applicable government

water pollution control regulations.

8. Used oil from maintenance shall be collected and disposed off appropriately at designated

sites or be reused or sold for re-use locally.

9. Entry of runoff to the site shall be restricted by constructing diversion channels or holding

structures such as banks, drains, dams, etc. to reduce the potential of soil erosion and water

pollution.

10. Construction waste shall not be left in stockpiles along the road, but removed and reused or

disposed of on a daily basis.

11. If disposal sites for clean spoil are necessary, they shall be located in areas, approved by the

SE, of low land use value and where they will not result in material being easily washed into

drainage channels. Whenever possible, spoil materials should be placed in low-lying areas and

should be compacted and planted with species indigenous to the locality.

12. The Contractor shall obtain appropriate licenses/permits from relevant authorities to

operate quarries or borrow areas.

13. The location of quarries and borrow areas shall be subject to approval by relevant local and

national authorities, including traditional authorities if the land on which the quarry or borrow

areas fall in traditional land.

14. New extraction sites:

a) Shall not be located in the vicinity of settlement areas, cultural sites, wetlands or any other

valued ecosystem component, or on high or steep ground or in areas of high scenic value,

and shall not be located less than 1km from such areas.

b) Shall not be located adjacent to stream channels wherever possible to avoid siltation of river

channels.

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c) Where they are located near water sources, borrow pits and perimeter drains shall surround

quarry sites.

d) Shall not be located in archaeological areas. Excavations in the vicinity of such areas shall

proceed with great care and shall be done in the presence of government authorities having a

mandate for their protection.

e) Shall not be located in forest reserves. However, where there are no other alternatives,

permission shall be obtained from the appropriate authorities and an environmental impact

study shall be conducted.

f) Shall be easily rehabilitated. Areas with minimal vegetation cover such as flat and bare

ground, or areas covered with grass only or covered with shrubs less than 1.5m in height, are

preferred.

g) Shall have clearly demarcated and marked boundaries to minimize vegetation clearing.

15. Vegetation clearing shall be restricted to the area required for safe operation of construction

work. Vegetation clearing shall not be done more than two months in advance of operations.

16. Stockpile areas shall be located in areas where trees can act as buffers to prevent dust

pollution. Perimeter drains shall be built around stockpile areas. Sediment and other pollutant

traps shall be located at drainage exits from workings.

17. The Contractor shall deposit any excess material in accordance with the principles of these

general conditions, and any applicable ESMP, in areas approved by local authorities and/or the

SE.

18. Areas for depositing hazardous materials such as contaminated liquid and solid materials

shall be approved by the SE and appropriate local and/or national authorities before the

commencement of work. Use of existing, approved sites shall be preferred over the

establishment of new sites.

19. To the extent practicable, the Contractor shall rehabilitate the site progressively so that the

rate of rehabilitation is similar to the rate of construction.

20. Always remove and retain topsoil for subsequent rehabilitation. Soils shall not be stripped

when they are wet as this can lead to soil compaction and loss of structure.

21. Topsoil shall not be stored in large heaps. Low mounds of no more than 1 to 2m high are

recommended.

22. Re-vegetate stockpiles to protect the soil from erosion, discourage weeds and maintain an

active population of beneficial soil microbes.

23. Locate stockpiles where they will not be disturbed by future construction activities.

24. To the extent practicable, reinstate natural drainage patterns where they have been

altered or impaired

25. Remove toxic materials and dispose of them in designated sites. Backfill excavated areas with

soils or overburden that is free of foreign material that could pollute groundwater and soil

26. Identify potentially toxic overburden and screen with suitable material to prevent

mobilization of toxins.

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27. Ensure reshaped land is formed so as to be inherently stable, adequately drained and

suitable for the desired long-term land use, and allow natural regeneration of vegetation.

28. Minimize the long-term visual impact by creating landforms that are compatible with the

adjacent landscape.

29. Minimize erosion by wind and water both during and after the process of reinstatement.

30. Compacted surfaces shall be deep ripped to relieve compaction unless subsurface

conditions dictate otherwise.

31. Re-vegetate with plant species that will control erosion, provide vegetative diversity and,

through succession, contribute to a resilient ecosystem. The choice of plant species for

rehabilitation shall be done in consultation with local research institutions, forest

department and the local people.

Water Resources Management

32. The Contractor shall at all costs avoid conflicting with water demands of local

communities.

33. Abstraction of both surface and underground water shall only be done with the

consultation of the local community and after obtaining a permit from the relevant

Water Authority.

34. Abstraction of water from wetlands shall be avoided. Where necessary, authority has to

be obtained from relevant authorities.

35. Temporary damming of streams and rivers shall be done in such a way avoids disrupting

water supplies to communities downstream, and maintains the ecological balance of the

river system.

36. No construction water containing spoils or site effluent, especially cement and oil, shall

be allowed to flow into natural water drainage courses.

37. Wash water from washing out of equipment shall not be discharged into water courses

or road drains.

38. Site spoils and temporary stockpiles shall be located away from the drainage system, and

surface run off shall be directed away from stockpiles to prevent erosion.

39. Location of access roads/detours shall be done in consultation with the local community

especially in important or sensitive environments. Access roads shall not traverse

wetland areas.

40. Upon the completion of civil works, all access roads shall be ripped and rehabilitated.

41. Access roads shall be sprinkled with water at least five times a day in settled areas, and

three times in unsettled areas, to suppress dust emissions.

42. Blasting activities shall not take place less than 2km from settlement areas, cultural sites,

or wetlands without the permission of the SE.

43. Blasting activities shall be done during working hours, and local communities shall be

consulted on the proposed blasting times.

44. Noise levels reaching the communities from blasting activities shall not exceed 90

decibels.

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45. Unusable materials and construction elements such as electro-mechanical equipment,

pipes, accessories and demolished structures will be disposed of in a manner approved

by the SE. The Contractor has to agree with the SE which elements are to be

surrendered to the Client’s premises, which will be recycled or reused, and which will be

disposed of at approved landfill sites.

46. As far as possible, abandoned pipelines shall remain in place. Where for any reason no

alternative alignment for the new pipeline is possible, the old pipes shall be safely

removed and stored at a safe place to be agreed upon with the SE and the local

authorities concerned.

47. AC-pipes as well as broken parts thereof have to be treated as hazardous material and

disposed of as specified above.

48. Unsuitable and demolished elements shall be dismantled to a size fitting on ordinary

trucks for transport.

49. In advance of the construction work, the Contractor shall mount an awareness and

hygiene campaign. Workers and local residents shall be sensitized on health risks

particularly of AIDS.

50. Adequate road signs to warn pedestrians and motorists of construction activities,

diversions, etc. shall be provided at appropriate points.

51. Construction vehicles shall not exceed maximum speed limit of 40km per hour.

52. Should the Contractor, deliberately or accidentally, damage private property, he shall

repair the property to the owner’s satisfaction and at his own cost. For each repair, the

Contractor shall obtain from the owner a certificate that the damage has been made

good satisfactorily in order to indemnify the Client from subsequent claims.

53. In cases where compensation for inconveniences, damage of crops etc. are claimed by

the owner, the Client has to be informed by the Contractor through the SE. This

compensation is in general settled under the responsibility of the Client before signing

the Contract. In unforeseeable cases, the respective administrative entities of the Client

will take care of compensation.

54. Within 6 weeks of signing the Contract, the Contractor shall prepare an EHS-MP to

ensure the adequate management of the health, safety, environmental and social aspects

of the works, including implementation of the requirements of these general conditions

and any specific requirements of an EMP for the works.

The Contractor’s EHS-MP will serve two main purposes:

• For the Contractor, for internal purposes, to ensure that all measures are in place for

adequate HSE management, and as an operational manual for his staff.

• For the Client, supported where necessary by a SE, to ensure that the Contractor is fully

prepared for the adequate management of the HSE aspects of the project, and as a basis

for monitoring of the Contractor’s HSE performance.

55. The Contractor’s EHS-MP shall provide at least:

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• A description of procedures and methods for complying with these general

environmental management conditions, and any specific conditions specified in an EMP;

• A description of specific mitigation measures that will be implemented in order to

minimize adverse impacts;

• A description of all planned monitoring activities (e.g. sediment discharges from borrow

areas) and the reporting thereof; and

• The internal organizational, management and reporting mechanisms put in place for

such.

55. The Contractor’s EHS-MP will be reviewed and approved by the Client before start of

the works. This review should demonstrate if the Contractor’s EHS-MP covers all of the

identified impacts, and has defined appropriate measures to counteract any potential

impacts.

56. The Contractor shall prepare bi-weekly progress reports to the SE on compliance with

these general conditions, the project EMP if any, and his own EHS-MP. An example

format for a Contractor HSE report is given below. It is expected that the Contractor’s

reports will include information on:

• HSE management actions/measures taken, including approvals sought from local or

national authorities;

• Problems encountered in relation to HSE aspects (incidents, including delays, cost

consequences, etc. as a result thereof);

• Lack of compliance with contract requirements on the part of the Contractor;

• Changes of assumptions, conditions, measures, designs and actual works in relation to

HSE aspects; and

• Observations, concerns raised and/or decisions taken with regard to HSE management

during site meetings.

57. It is advisable that reporting of significant HSE incidents be done “as soon as

practicable”. Such incident reporting shall therefore be done individually. Also, it is

advisable that the Contractor keeps his own records on health, safety and welfare of

persons, and damage to property. It is advisable to include such records, as well as copies

of incident reports, as appendices to the bi-weekly reports. Example formats for an

incident notification and detailed report are given below. Details of HSE performance

will be reported to the Client through the SE’s reports to the Client

58. The Contractor shall provide sufficient training to his own personnel to ensure that they

are all aware of the relevant aspects of these general conditions, any project EMP, and

his own EHS-MP, and are able to fulfill their expected roles and functions. Specific

training should be provided to those employees that have particular responsibilities

associated with the implementation of the EHS-MP.

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General topics should be:

• Occupational Health and Safety Basics

• Occupational Health and Safety in water supply pipeline installation

• Safety Practices in Borehole installation and Aquifer Abstraction

• Electrical Safety Basics

• Hazard Identification and Control

• Hazard Communication Program

• Accident Investigation

• Asbestos Management

• Safe work Procedures

• Fall Protection

• Noise Management Program

• Workers Respiratory Program

• Work place Violence Management

• Fire Safety

• Emergency Management; and

• Social and cultural awareness

59. It is expected that compliance with these conditions is already part of standard good

workmanship and state of the art as generally required under this Contract. The item

“Compliance with Environmental Management Conditions” in the Bill of Quantities

covers these costs. No other payments will be made to the Contractor for compliance

with any request to avoid and/or mitigate an avoidable HSE impact.

Example Format: HSE Report

Contract:

Period of reporting:

HSE management actions/measures:

Summarize HSE management actions/measures taken during period of reporting, including

planning and management activities (e.g. risk and impact assessments), HSE training, specific

design and work measures taken, etc.

HSE incidents:

Report on any problems encountered in relation to HSE aspects, including its consequences

(delays, costs) and corrective measures taken. Include relevant incident reports.

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HSE compliance:

Report on compliance with Contract HSE conditions, including any cases of non-compliance.

Changes:

Report on any changes of assumptions, conditions, measures, designs and actual works in

relation to HSE aspects.

Concerns and observations:

Report on any observations, concerns raised and/or decisions taken with regard to HSE

management during site meetings and visits.

Signature (Name, Title Date):

Contractor’s Representative

Example Format: HSE Incident Notification

Provide within 24 hrs to the Supervising Engineer

Originators Reference No:

Date of Incident: Time:

Location of incident:

Name of Person(s) involved:

Employing Company:

Type of Incident:

Description of Incident:

Where, when, what, how, who, operation in progress at the time (only factual)

Immediate Action:

Immediate remedial action and actions taken to prevent reoccurrence or escalation

Signature (Name, Title, Date):

Contractor’s Representative

8.3 Sample Socio Economic data collection Form

IDENTIFICATION

Community: _________________ Date___________________

Name of Interviewer________________________________

Name of the Respondent: _______________________________________________

Phone No___________________________

Affix Passport Here

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Relationship to Household head_________________________

Age___ Sex___

Address: __________________________________________________

Nationality____________ Nativity ___________

Length of stay within the community____________

GENERAL INFORMATION

Religious Group: Christians____Muslim___ATR___Others (specify) ___

Social Group: Vulnerable___General___

Family Pattern: Joint___Nuclear___Individual______

Size of Family: Small (2-4) ____Medium (5-7) ____Large (Above7) ____

FAMILYPARTICULARS (Start from head of the household)

S / N N a m e

o f

M e m b e r

S e x A g e Marital

Status

Relationship

to HH-head

Educational

level

O c c u p a t i o n

Pr imary Secondary

Household’s Main Occupation________________and Monthly income

(N)___________Secondary Source_________and Monthly Income (N)________No. of Adult

earning members:________ No. of dependents:___ Family annual expenditure: (N)_________

COMMERCIAL/SELF EMPLOYMENT ACTIVITIES

Type of Shop/Business Enterprises (SBEs)

Hotel____Provisionstore____Repair& Workshop____ Other Shops (Specify)

___________Other Enterprise (Specify) _____________No. of Partners: ___

Employment Pattern

Owner/Operator____Employed 1 to 5 persons___Employed above 5____

VULNERABILITY

HH becoming BPL as a result of loss of livelihood/asset___ Female headed household___

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PUBLIC UTILITIES

How would you describe the condition of the following amenities in town you live/community?

A m e n i t i e s Very Good G o o d F a i r P o o r

Roads to the community

Roads within the community

Schools in the community

Public Health Institutions

P o t a b l e W a t e r

P u b l i c E l e c t r i c i t y

Communication facilities (Postal Service, Telephone)

Public recreation facilities

What is the major source of water available to your household?

(i)River____ (ii)Borehole (commercial)____ (iii)Borehole (private)___ (iv)Public pipe-borne

water___(v)Pond___ (vi)Water Vendor___ (vii)Well water___

How long does it take you in minutes/hours to get to your water source___

What is your primary source of electricity

(i)Hurricane Lamp___(ii) Private Generators___ (iii)Community Generators___ (iv)State

Government Utilities Board___ (v)Company Operating in your community___ (vi) PHCN

(National Grid)___

What is your secondary source of electricity?

(i)Hurricane Lamp___ (ii) Private Generators___ (iii)Community Generators___ (iv)Company

Operating in your community___

What is the main fuel you use for cooking?

(i)Firewood___(ii)Charcoal___ (iii)Kerosene___ (iv)Gas___ (v)Electricity___(vi)Crop residue/ Saw

dust___(vii) Animal Wastes___(viii)Others___

HEALTH AND SANITATION

What type of toilet facility do you use?

(i)Pit___(ii) Bush___(iii)Bucket___(iv) Water Closet___(v)Others (Specify)……

How do you dispose of your household refuse?

(i)Private Open Dump___(ii) Public Open Dump___(iii) Organized

Collection___(iv)Burning___(v) Bush___(vi)Burying___

Which of the following diseases/condition is most common in your area

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(i)Malaria___(ii)Typhoid___(iii)Diarrhoea___(iv)Cough___(v) Respiratory

Disturbance___(vi)Others__

PROJECT PERCEPTION

Are you aware of the proposed Erosion Rehabilitation Project? Yes___No__

If Yes, Source of information_______________

What is your opinion about the project? Good____ Bad____ Can’t say____

If good, what positive impacts do you perceive? ____________________________

If bad, what negative impacts do you perceive? _____________________________

INFORMATION ON AFFECTED PROPERTY

GPS Coordinates: ____________________

Name of PAP______________________________________________________

Phone No______________________________

Category of PAP: Titleholder___ Encroacher___ Tenant___ Squatter____ others (specify)

__________

Type of document possessed to certify ownership type_________________________________

If not owned, state name and Address of owner_______________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

If informal use right, state type of agreement__________________________________________

Number of years used_____ Rent paid/month (N) ___________

Details of the structure

Type of Use: Residential____Commercial___Residential/Commercial___Other (Specify) __

Construction Type: Mud___Brick___Mud/Thatched roof__Brick/Zinc roof____

No. of Rooms/Storey___Impacted Area (m2) _____Total Impacted Area (m2) ____

Utility Connection: Electricity____Water___Phone__ (P-Partially F-Fully)

Other Affected Assets

Compound wall/fence___ Tree___ Farmland____ Borehole/well___ Others (Specify) ____

Replacement Value (N) _________

Assets distance to the wall edge_____________

Agricultural Products

T y p e o f C r o p

O w n e r o f C r o p

T o t a l y e a r l y p r o d u c t i o n

A v e r a g e y i e l d

A v e r a g e v a l u e o f c r o p

Number of labor used for production

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Crop products sold at market (%)

Average yearly household income from agriculture (N) __________

Trees

T y p e o f T r e e

Number of a f fected Tree

Average yield of fruit bearing trees

Average yearly income from fruit tree

RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION

In case you are displaced (residentially) where and how far do you prefer to be located?

Within the area___ Outside the area____ Place name_______________ Distance___ (km)

Which is your preferred replacement Option?

Land for land lost ___Cash Assistance ___House in Resettlement Site ___Shop in Resettlement Site

__Other (Specify) ___

Factors to be considered in providing alternate place

Access to family/friends ____Income from friends___ Income from Business activity___ Daily

Job___ Close to Market___ Other (Specify) ____

8.4 ESMP Disclosure Process

Whenever the Bank requires an environmental assessment (EA), the proposed borrower prepares an

EA report as a separate, free-standing document. The EA report is publicly available (a) after the

borrower has made the draft EA report available at a public place accessible to project-affected

groups and local NGOs in accordance with OP/BP 4.01, Environmental Assessment, and (b) after such

EA report has been officially received by the Bank, but before the Bank begins formal appraisal of

the project.

To comply with World Bank policies on Environmental Assessment of projects and disclosure of

information, all sponsors of projects are required to prepare and publicly disclose the ESMP.

Sponsors must provide copies of the ESMP—along with all other documents related to a project’s

environmental assessment—for submission to the World Bank website for public access at least 60

days before the Bank’s formal consideration of the project for financing.

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In addition to complying with Nigeria disclosure requirements, the sponsor must ensure that the

ESMP is available throughout the project area.

Members of the community will be informed about the disclosure via National dailies as well as

community leaders prior to the disclosure.

To this end, the sponsor may be required to prepare summaries of the ESMP in local languages for

distribution to accessible points within the project area. The 60-day disclosure period will allow time

for all interested and affected parties to submit their comments and concerns about the ESMP.

This makes room for addressing grievances that may arise. The document also contains a section

that gives a guide line on how grievances can and will be handled if they arise which is an important

section of the document.

However, under certain circumstances, based entirely on the judgment of World Bank specialists, a

RAP may warrant a shorter period of public review. Under these circumstances, sponsors will be

required to publicly disclose the RAP 30 days before formal consideration of project financing.

More detailed information on public disclosure requirements is contained in the World Bank’s

Operational Policy 4.01 on Environmental Assessment and its policy on the disclosure of

information.

Failure to follow these guidelines may give room to some unscrupulous elements within the

community to try and destabilize the success of the project by bringing forward unnecessary and

unrealistic claims.

This Environmental and Social Management Plan prepared for the Federal High Court-

EkwuemeSquare gully Erosion site, the SPMU is expected to disclose the document at the

following locations;

World Bank website,

NEWMAP Anambra SPMU,

NEWMAP FPMU,

Environmental Assessment (EA) Department Federal Ministry of Environment,

Office of the State Controller Federal Ministry of Environment

Office of the Anambra State Commissioner for Environment,

The project LGA c/o the LGA NEWMAP liaison officer,

The Fedral High Court (Which in this case serves as the meeting place of the host

community)

Office of the Commissioner for Local Government Matters.

Members of the community are freely obligated to visit any of the display centres for the purpose of

requesting access to view the Draft ESMP document. It is expected that they will submit comments,

suggestions and remarks on the document which will be received and collated by the SPMU.

Furthermore, the SPMU should ensure that these comments are in turn communicated to the

Consultant who will address where necessary d subsequently submit a Draft Final ESMP Report.

This when in cleared will form the Final ESMP Report.

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8.5 Annex Four

Attendance for PAPs Engagement

8.6 Minute of meetings during consultation with SPMU, PAPs and other

Stakeholders

8.6.1 Minutes of the Meeting between the Project Affected Persons (PAPs)

of Judiciary/Ekwueme Square Gully Erosion Site with the Consultant

on 11/1/18 at the site.

1. Opening: The meeting was called to order at 11:00am at the gully erosion site.

2. Opening Remark:

The consultant welcomed the PAPs to the meeting and thanked particularly Mr. Ezenagu

Eke herein referred to as Contact Person who helped to gather other PAPs that were not

easily contacted. On the first visit, the Consultant used the forum to disclose to the PAPs

the reason for the meeting which borders on the proposed intervention that will impact

negatively on their farms as their means of livelihood. He further sought for their

cooperation at all times to ensure proper documentation of their assets (crops) and supposed

entitlements that will accrue during valuation.

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3. Response from PAPs:

On behalf of the PAPs, Mr. Ezenagu Eke thanked the team and expressed satisfaction

with the information given and the State Government readiness to intervene on the ongoing

gully menace. He also expressed their willingness to cooperate with the Consultants to

ensure a smooth conduct of the exercise.

4. Adjournment: The meeting was adjourned to 12/1/18 at the site by 12:30pm. The

Consultants requested that the PAPs should gather for field verification.

5. Closing: The meeting came to a close by 1:00pm



on 12/01/18

1. Opening: The meeting was called to order at 11:00pm at the gully erosion site project

2. Opening Remarks:

The consultant welcomed the PAPs to the meeting and thanked them for their zeal in

responding to calls for the interaction on the way forward.

The PAPs were intimated on the need for field verification on the claims which is crucial to

the exercise since it involves compensation. He stressed that the state government will not

attend to any vicious claims, not verifiable in the field. Besides, no PAP shall be attended to in

proxy.

He further explained that the procedure involved PAP standing by their farm plots in order

to capture their images accordingly and thereafter take measurement of farm sizes for

quantification and valuation.

3. Response from PAPs:

In response, MrsFideliaEcheta, one of the PAPs expressed satisfaction in the procedure

involved in compensating for their crops. She admitted that government officials initially advised

them to make use of the land, pending when intervention work shall commence; a period that

they were not certain about.

4. Field Verification:

Based on the explanation given by the consultant and the response from a representative of

the PAP, the team in conjunction with the PAPs undertook measurement of beneficiaries’ farm

sizes, their photographs and geographical coordinates of the farm locations.

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The exercise was a success. The PAPs appreciated the team.

5. Adjournment: The meeting was adjourned to 13/1/18. The consultant requested the PAPs

to come around on 13/1/18 at 10am for questionnaire administration and awareness on

means of identification.

6. Closing: The meeting came to a close at 6:30pm



on 13/01/18 at the site

1. Opening: The meeting was called to order at 2:00pm at the gully erosion project site

2. Opening Remark:

The consultant welcomed the PAPs at the meeting and re-affirmed the essence of the

meeting for the day which borders on filling the questionnaires accurately and enlightenment on

the correct means of identification

3. Questionnaire Administration: The questionnaire were distributed to the PAPs by the

consultants and retrieved.

4. Enlightenment on the means of identification:

The consultant enlightened the required documents to produce as means of identification. These

Include the following:

a) National Identity Card

b) Driver’s License

c) Voter’s Card OR

d) International Passport

In addition, they were told to ensure that their names were consistent on their means of

identification at all times. However, where there are discrepancies in the spelt names on their

means of identification, an affidavit can be taken to buttress the claims.

The consultant also requested the PAPs to submit their two passport sized photographs for

documentation.

5. Adjournment: The meeting was adjourned to 15/1/18 at 10am for the consultant to collect

their passport and to confirm their Identity cards.

6. Closing: The meeting came to a close at 6:45pm.

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6.7 PAPS’ Affidavit

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