ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING NON-COMMUNICATION … · tobacco smoking, alcohol and unhealthy...

ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING NON-COMMUNICATION DISEASES

USING FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL

1B.Revathi,

2T.Johnson

1,2Department of Mathematics, Dr. M.G.R Educational and

Research Institute University, Chennai [email protected],

[email protected]

Abstract: In this paper we try to analyze the various

factors affecting the Non-communication Diseases

(NCDs) using Fuzzy control system.

Keywords: Fuzzy control system, Non-Communication

Diseases, Fuzzy Inference System.

1. Introduction

The main aim of this study is to find, how to control the

factors of Non-communication Diseases (NCDs). Non-

communication Diseases (NCDs) are currently

responsible for over 60% of global deaths. This burden is

one of the major public health challenges facing all

countries. The Government of India had supported the

state in prevention and control of Non-communication

Diseases (NCDs) through several vertical programs.

There are so many factors for Non-communication

Diseases (NCDs).

Now we have to find, how to control the factors of

Non-communication Diseases (NCDs), that will be

discussed in the following section of this paper.

1.1 The factors are

Background characteristic (i) Locality

(ii) Work place

(iii) Knowledge level

Behavioral risk (i) Tobacco smoking

(ii) Alcohol consumption

(iii) Unhealthy food habit

Physical nature

(i) Genetic control

(ii) Physical activity

(iii) Level of Immunity

1.1.1 Background characteristic

One in four Indian families in which a family member

affected in NCDs. Background characteristic of

household and respondents are the most powerful cause

of NCDs. Many issues occur with classifying a

Background characteristic. So this factor is very

important role of affecting the Non-communication

Diseases (NCDs) and we took three sub factors of

affecting the Background characteristic like locality,

workplace, knowledge level.

(i) Locality

This sub factor is very important role of affecting the

background characteristic. The background characteristic

is dependent on locality. When the people are living in

very bad locality, their background characteristic is very

low level. If background characteristic is low level then

the risk of NCDs is very high.

(ii) Work Place

This sub factor is also affecting the background

characteristic. When they are working in industry, they

will have a high risk of NCDs. For example, suppose

people are working in cement company, cotton industry,

dye industry etc, they may be affected by breathing

problem, skin problem and noise pollution etc.

(iii) Knowledge Level

This is one of the sub factors of affecting the background

characteristic. Some people, they don’t have knowledge

how to take care of their health and their children’s

health. Rural, illiterates and under privileged population

are not fully aware about NCDs.

International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 116 No. 23 2017, 61-78ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.ijpam.euSpecial Issue ijpam.eu

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1.1.2 Behavioral Risk

This factor is a very important one when compared to

other factors because this factor depends only on their

behavioral, not on other external forces. Here also we

took three sub factors of affecting the behavioral risk like

tobacco smoking, alcohol and unhealthy food habit.

(i) Tobacco Smoking

Tobacco smoke is the most important cause for NCDs

and is the major cause of NCDs among men. It is

affecting the lung function. This is accounts for more

than two-third of all new cases of NCDs.

(ii) Alcohol

Alcohol consumption has both health and social

consequences. Overall there is a causal relationship

between alcohol consumption and more than 60 types of

diseases and injury. Drinking too much alcohol may the

change the normal functions of the brain. Who drinks

regularly could increase your risk of alcohol disorder.

(iii) Unhealhy Food Habit

Food habit is a significant risk for NCDs. An unhealthy

food high in saturated fats, salt and refined carbohydrates

increases the risk of NCDs. In modern diet which has

higher contribution of energy from fats and lower

contribution of energy from complex carbohydrates.

Such as fats play an important role in the development of

NCDS.

1.1.3 Physical Nature

This factor is very important role of affecting the Non-

communication Diseases (NCDs). In this we took three

sub factors of affecting the physical nature like genetic

control, physical activity and level of immunity.

(i) Genetic Control

The height, weight or body build of a child or an adult

always represents the resultant of both the genetically and

environmental forces, together with their interaction.

Gene depends for its expression firstly on the internal

environment created by all the other genes and secondly

on the external environment. The control of body size is

certainly a complicated affair involving many gene, yet a

disturbance in a single gene or group of genes may

produce a widespread and drastic effect Genetic control

probably play the leading part of NCDs.

(ii) Physical Activity

Physical activity is the determinant of human health and

this is fundamental to energy balance and weight control.

A physically active life reduces the risk of NCDs.

physical activity is dependent on their work nature. High

income group in general were found to be physically

inactive as compared to low income group. For example,

a person working in Software Company has less physical

activity. Physical inactivity is directly reflected in the

growing burden of NCDs.

(iii) Level of Immunity

This factor is also one of the important factors for Non-

communication Diseases (NCDs). Those people who are

having low level of Immunity power that people easily

affected by Non-communication Diseases (NCDs).

Particularly the children can affected by Non-

communication Diseases(NCDs) because their Immunity

power is very poor comparatively elders.

2. Mathematical Modeling

Now we are going to use the fuzzy inference System

(FIS) technique to find, how to control the Non-

communication Diseases (NCDs). A Fuzzy inference

system is a tool to solve a complex system having

networks. Using Fuzzy inference System, we can create

a rule box. The algorithm of the FIS model had been

designed to tackle the factors having both positive as well

as negative impacts on each other.

Fuzzy inference process

→ �� → ��

→ �� → Fuzzification: Translate input into truth values

Rule Evaluation: compute output truth value

Defuzzification: Transfer truth value into output.

(i) Fuzzification

* Input variable are assigned degrees of membership in

various classes.

* Example: a temperature input might be graded

according to its degree of coldness coolness, warmth or

heat.

* The purpose of fuzzification is to map the inputs from a

set of sensors (or features of those sensors) to values

from 0 to 1 using a set of input membership functions.

(ii) Fuzzy control

Fuzzy rules are always written in the following form :-

If (input 1 is membership function 1 )and / or

International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

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(input 2 is membership function 2) and / or

(input 3 is membership function 2) and / or

then (output is output membership function)

for example one could make up a rule that says:

if temperature is high and humidity is high then room is

hot,

(iii) Rule evalution

* Inputs are applied to a set of if/then control rules

* The results of various rules are summed together to

generate a set “fuzzy outputs”.

(iv) Defuzzification

Fuzzy outputs are combined into discrete values needed

to derive the control mechanism. Example, A cooling

fan)

2.1 Summary of steps

To compute the output of this FIS given the inputs, one

must go through six steps

1. Determining a set of fuzzy rules

2. Fuzzifying the inputs using the input membership

functions.

3. Combining the fuzzified inputs according to the

fuzzy rules to establish a rule strength

4. Finding the consequence of the rule by combining

the rule strength and the output membership function ( If

it ‘s a mamdani FIS)

5. Combining the consequences to get an output

distribution, and

6. Defuzzifying the output distribution (this step

applies only if acrisp output class) is needed.

Since our aim to find, how to control the factors of

Non-communication Diseases (NCDs), before forming

the rule box, we have to form Fuzzy set which transforms

the linguistic terms in to fuzzy membership values. The

fuzzy values are represented in the interval[0,1].

In practice, membership functions can have multiple

types such as the triangular wave form, trapezoidal wave

form, Gaussian wave form, bell shaped wave form,

sigmoidal wave form and S-curve wave form. For

example, as we all know if tobacco has a high range then

the behavioral risk is high range through this the Non-

communication Diseases (NCDs) also high range. In

order to represent it mathematically we give the

membership values to the linguistic terms.

3. Determination of the shapes of fuzzy sets

The first step in fuzzy logic is to convert into a set of

fuzzy variables, this is called fuzzy classification or

fuzzification

Fuzzy sets= {Low, Medium, High}

A membership function(MF) is a curve that defines how

each point in the input space is mapped to a membership

value between 0 and 1. Generally we normalized the

input and output variables on the interval [0,1].

Figure 1.


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Example, we can see in Fig-1 Locality is the one of the

input values of Background characteristic. This input

values convert into a set of fuzzy variables. The input

space is mapped to a membership value between 0 and

1.

If locality (input value) lies between 0 to 0.3 then the

locality is in low range

If locality (input value) lies between 0.2 to 0.8 then the

locality is in medium range

If locality (input value) lies between 0.7 to 1 then the

locality is in high range

Similarly, we can define the fuzzification for other

factors.

4. Rule Base

A fuzzy system is characterized by a set of linguistic

statements usually represented by in the form of “if-

then” rules, In this section we examine all factors

related to fuzzy control rules.

Table 1.

In the above table (table 1) we are taking 9 sub

factors affecting the Non-communication Diseases

(NCDs). In the first set we are taking 3 homogeneous

positive sub factors affecting on the Background

characteristic as positive impact value. In the second set

we are taking 3 homogeneous negative sub factors

affecting on the Behavioral risk as negative impact

value. In the third set we are taking 3 homogeneous

positive sub factors affecting on the physical nature as

positive impact and these are non-homogeneous

resulting factors affecting on the Non-communication

Diseases (NCDs). In this manner we can create the rule

box in FIS software.

Rule 1

In the above rule box, The three homogeneous

positive sub factors affecting on the Background

characteristic. If linguistic term of locality is low,

knowledge level is low as well as work place is low, then

our resulting factor Background characteristic will also

low. In the same manner if the three factors are high

automatically background characteristic will also high,

because we are using homogeneous sub factors affecting

on background characteristic.

Factors of Non-Communication Diseases

Background Characteristic

(+)

Locality(+)

Knowledge level(+)

Work place(+)

Behavioral Risk (-)

Tobacco (-)

Alcohol (-)

Unhealthy food habit (-)

Physical Nature (+)

Genetic control (+)

Physical activity (+)

Level of immunity (+)


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Rule 2

In the above rule box, Tobacco smoking, Alcohol consumption and Food habit are positive homogeneous sub factors

affecting on Behavioral Risk

.

Rule 3

In The above rule box, Genetic condition, Physical

activity and Level of Immunity are positive

homogeneous sub factors affecting on the Physical

Nature.


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Rule 4

In the above table, Background Characteristic,

Behavioral risk, Physical Nature are Non homogeneous

factors affecting on the Non-communication

Diseases(NCDs). From rule-1 ,rule-2 and rule-3Output of

background characteristic, Behavioral risk , Physical

nature values will be the input value of rule-4, then we

are getting output value of Non-communication

Diseases(NCDs).

Table 2

SL no.

Locality Knowledge level Work place

Background

characteristic

1 0.2 0.23 0.85 0.15

2 0.16 0.25 0.85 0.25

3 0.25 0.73 0.91 0.594

4 0.46 0.77 0.88 0.85

5 026 0.88 0.79 0.75

6 0.31 0.87 0.82 1

Figure 2


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Figure 3

From the above table-2, If we take the first and

second rows, when we take locality and knowledge level

in low range and work place in high range then

Background characteristic falls in low range and also we

inferred that, If we slightly increase knowledge level as

0.23 to 0.25 and slightly decrease locality as 0.2 to 0.16

and keeping work place is constant then background

characteristic also increases.

Figure 4

Figure 5


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Now we compare the third and fourth rows, If we

take locality as going to low to medium, knowledge as

going to medium to high and workplace as high then our

background characteristic is medium. Now we have

slightly increased locality as low to medium, and

knowledge level and workplace maintaining as high level

then the background characteristic is increase going on

medium to high level.

Figure 6

Figure 7

Now we see the difference between the 5th

and 6th

rows, we take locality as going to low to medium ,

knowledge and workplace as high level then the

background characteristic will be reaching medium to

high , now if we slightly changed locality as medium,

knowledge level and workplace keeping high range, then

the background characteristic is increased as high level ,

similarly, in the same way, we can describe the

background characteristic in the other combination range

of factors also. From the above table-2, we can observe

that if any two factors are keeping high level and third

one in medium range, then we can reach high range of

background characteristic. If any two factors are keeping

high range and third one is low range, we can reach

medium range of our background characteristic.


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Table 3

Sl No. Tobacco Alcohol

Unhealthy food

habit

Behavioral risk

work

1 0.2 0.22 0.34 0.1

2 0.2 0.25 0.34 0.25

3 0.25 0.76 0.74 0.559

4 0.34 0.78 0.76 0.714

5 0.27 0.86 0.88 0.85

Figure 8

Figure 9

In the above table-3, we took 3 sub factors of

affecting the Behavioral risk of the people these three sub

factors are homogeneous factors. We can see that the 1st

and2nd

row in the above table, when we take Tobacco as

low range, Alcohol is between the low and medium range

and Unhealthy food habit as medium range then our

Behavioral risk will be low. In 2nd

row, If we are

maintaining Tobacco and Unhealthy food habit

maintaining as it is in the 1st row and we slightly

increasing Alcohol from 0.22 o 0.25 then our Behavioral

risk is increasing from low range to going on towards the

medium range. From the above details we can observe

that if slightly increase in any one sub factors in table-3

then the behavioral risk is increased.


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Figure 10

Next we can analysis, the 3rd

and 4throw , in 3

rd row

if we take Tobacco as low range to going on towards

medium range, Alcohol is between medium and high

range and Unhealthy food habit as medium range then

our Behavioral risk of the people will be medium range .

In 4th row, if we are maintaining Alcohol and Unhealthy

food habit maintaining as it is in 3rd

row and slightly

increase Tobacco as medium range then our Behavioral

risk of the people will be increase from medium to going

on towards the high range.

Figure 11

Figure 12


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Next we will see the interesting 5th row, In the 5

th

row, If we take Alcohol and Unhealthy food habit as high

range, Tobacco is between low and medium range then

our resulting column (Behavioral risk) will be reaching

high range. Similarly, In the same way, we can describe

he Behavioral risk by the other combination range of the

factors also. From the above table we can analysis that, if

any two factors are keeping high range and 3rd

one should

be medium range only then we can reach high range of

our Behavioral risk, If any two factors are keeping

medium range and 3rd

one is low to going on towards

medium range, hen only we can reach medium range of

our Behavioral risk, Because the factors are

homogeneous factors.

Table 4

Sl.No. Genetic condition Physical activity Level of Immunity Physical Nature

1 0.95 0.13 0.19 0

2 0.95 0.13 0.25 0.25

3 0.19 0.5 05 0.5

4 0.97 0.3 0.75 0.75

5 0.26 084 0.87 0.8

6 0.41 0.76 0.98 0.8

In the above table-4, we have 3 sub factors

affecting of the Physical nature. These 3 sub factors are

homogeneous factors. We are taking 1st and 2

nd rows, In

1st row, if we take Genetic condition as high range,

physical activity and level of Immunity as low range then

our resulting column physical nature will be low range,

In second row we are maintaining Genetic condition and

physical activity as it is in the 1st row and slightly

increase level of Immunity as from 0.19 to 0.25 then our

Physical nature will be increase towards medium range.

Figure 13


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Figure 14

Next, we will see 3rd

and 4th

rows, In 3rd

row if we

take Genetic condition as low range, Physical Activity

and level of Immunity as medium range then our

physical nature will be medium range. In 4th row if we

increase Genetic condition from low to high range (from

3rd

row) then our Physical nature will be increase from

medium to going on towards high range (from 3rd

row).

Figure 15

We see that 5th and 6

th rows, In 5

th row we take

Physical Activity and level of Immunity as high range

and Genetic condition as 0.26 then our physical nature

will be high range. In 6th

row if we slightly increase

Genetic condition from 0.26 to 0.41 (from 5th row)

decrease Physical Activity from 0.84 to 0.76 (from 5th

row) and keeping level of Immunity as it is in 5th row,

then our Physical nature will be maintaining high

range(from 5th row). What we know from the above

table, if any two factors are low range (or) high range the

3rd

one is keeping any range that means the physical

nature is not depending only one factors for changing

itself, it needs minimum two factors.


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Figure 16

Figure 17

Table 5

Sl.No. Background

Characteristic

Behavioral risk Physical Nature Non-communication

Diseases

1 0.15 0.1 0.15 0.5

2 0.15 0.6 0.15 1

3 0.9 0.1 0.15 0

4 0.75 0.1 0.15 0.25

5 0.75 0.85 0.8 0.25

6 0.75 0.85 0.15 0.75


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Figure 18

Figure 19

In the above table-5, we take 3 factors affecting the

Non-communication Diseases (NCDs). Here factors are

non homogeneous factors. We have to apply the output

of the table-6,7,8 (resulting column value) as input of the

table-9, In 1st row ,If we apply Background

characteristic as 0.75, Behavioral as 0.25, Physical

nature as 0.15 then Non-communication Diseases(NCDs)

will be 0.5(Medium range), and also we inferred that, If

we apply Behavioral risk as 0.1 to 0.6 and keeping

Background characteristic and Physical nature as it is in

1st row then Non-communication Diseases(NCDs) will be

high range.


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Figure 20

Figure 21

We can observe, 3rd

and 4th row, In 3

rd row If we

apply Background characteristic as high range,

Behavioral risk and Physical nature as low range then our

resulting column (Non-communication Diseases (NCDs))

will be low. In 4th row, If we apply Background

characteristic as 0.75 and keeping Behavioral risk and

Physical nature as it is in 3rd

row , then Non-

communication Diseases(NCDs) will be slightly increase

as 0.25(from 3rd

row).


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Figure 22

Figure 23

Next we can see 5th and 6

th row, In 5

th row If we

apply Background characteristic and Physical nature as

high range then the Non-communication Diseases

(NCDs) will be 0.25. In 6th row If we are keeping

Background characteristic and Behavioral risk are as it is

in 5th row, the Physical nature only decrease from high

range to low range(from 5th row), then the Non-

communication Diseases(NCDs) will be increase from

0.25 to 0.75 (from 6h row).

The above table shows that in these three factors, we

have to maintain Behavioral risk as low range only we

can control the Non-communication Diseases(NCDs).

5. Conclusion

Finally we conclude that, the factor Behavioral risk

should be in low range then only we can control the Non-

communication Diseases (NCDs). Therefore the

government and the people must take necessary action


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for the above two factor, in future we can control the

Non-communication Diseases (NCDs).

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ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING NON-COMMUNICATION … · tobacco smoking, alcohol and unhealthy...

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