Analysis of

Programming Languages(2)

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LANGUAGE DESIGN CONSTRAINTS

Computer architecture Technical setting Standards Legacy systems

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Architecture

von Neumann-Eckert model language Fortran , Cobol, C, …

Non von Neumann-Eckert model language Lisp

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Technical Setting Technical setting constraints

Application area, Operating system, network, … Fortran

Platform dependant Scientific programming

Ada Defense Applications

Cobol Business

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Standards

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

International Standards Organization (ISO)

Examples: ISO Fortran (2004) ANSI/ISO C++ (2003)

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Legacy Systems

Legacy systems Software that were designed and

implemented by former programming staff, but maintained and updated by current staff (Backward Compatibility )

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COMPILERS AND VIRTUAL MACHINES

Compiler – produces machine codeInterpreter – executes instructions on a

virtual machine Example compiled languages:

Fortran, Cobol, C, C++ Example interpreted languages:

Scheme, Haskell, Python Hybrid compilation/interpretation

The Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

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The Compiling Process

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The Interpreting Process