Analysis of MetaphoricWords in Sir Arthur Conan...

Analysis of MetaphoricWords in Sir Arthur Conan Doyl’s

NovelThe Sign of The Four

By

ILA RIZA BACHTIAR

201032108

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY

MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY

2015

Analysis of Metaphoric Words in Sir Arthur Conan Doyl’s

Novel The Sign of The Four

SKRIPSI

Presented to the University of Muria Kudus

in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Completing the Sarjana Program in the

Department of English Education

By:

Ila Riza Bachtiar

NIM 2010-32-108

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY

MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY

2015

MOTTO AND DEDICATION

MOTTO:

Man Jadda wa jada

Man Shobaro Zhafiro

Man qolla shidquhu qolla shodiiquhu

DEDICATION

This skripsi is dedicated to:

1. Allah SWT and Prophet Muhammad SAW to continuing dawah

2. The writer’s parents: Moch. Latif and Iyan Heriyani

3. Everyone who always supports to finish my skripsi: my sister

Putri, my whole family

4. Also big thank to all of my friends in KUMANBARIS

5. All of the Teacher, especially of English Education Department,

Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University

6. Ulya Lutfiyana who always give the writer support and that would

written in my laul mahfuz

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Thanks God for the blessing, mercy and compassionate given to the writer, so that the writer

can accomplish this final project entitled “Analysis of Metaphoric Words in Sir Arthur Conan

Doyl’s Novel The Sign of The Four.”

The writer realizes thathe is not able to complete her final project without support,

advice, and encouragement for many people. Therefore, the writer would like to express her

sincerest gratitude, to those who are directly or indirectly involved in the completion of this

final project.

1. Dr. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd as the Dean of Teacher Training and education Faculty of Muria

Kudus University.

2. Diah Kurniati, M.Pd as the Head of English education Department of Teacher Training

and education Faculty of Muria Kudus University.

3. Rismiyanto, S.S M.Pd as the first advisor who has given guidance, correction, and

suggestion wisely in accomplishing this research.

4. Titis Sulistyowati, S.Pd, M.Pd as the second advisor who has given guidance, correction,

and suggestion wisely in accomplishing this research.

5. Beloved mother, father, sisters, and for their love, support and patience.

6. All of KUMANBARIS friends that the writer can not mention one by one.

The writer also realizes that this final project is not perfect. There are still many

mistakes make elsewhere. Therefore, the writer happily receives any constructive criticism

and suggestion. The writer hopes that it will be useful for those especially who are in the field

of education.

Kudus, August 2015

Ila Riza Bachtiar

ABSTRACT Bachtiar, Ila Riza. 2015. Analysis of Metaphoric Words in Sir Arthur Conan Doyl’s

Novel The Sign of The Four.”.Skripsi: English Education Department, Teacher Training and

Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University. Advisor: (i) Rismiyanto, S.S, M.Pd (ii)

TitisSulistyowati, S.S, M.Pd

Key words: Metaphoric Words, Novel.

Literature is a permanent expression in words of some thoughts or feeling or idea

about life and the world. Literature also the writing or the study of books, valued as works of

art (drama, fiction, essay, poetry, biography, contrasted with technical books and journalism).

It also can improved us in how to writing, reading and telling (spoken) can make the reader or

even the teachers and students have more knowledge and those ability, hopefully can make a

huge role in education.

The objective of the research is to know what are metaphoric words, what are the

types of metaphoric words and also what are the category of metaphoric words in the novel

The Sign of The Four by Sir Arthur Conan Doyl.

This research is Qualitative research. The writer used novel for the data source and

metaphoric words that found in the novel as the data. The writer use some technique to

collecting the data. By finding the novel first then read all of the whole novel after that

analyzing the metaphoric wordsin the novel.

The result from the research based on 50 metaphoric words that have been obtained,

the percentage distribution sought, namely percentage symbol representing the above

categories. percentage distribution this reflects the percentage distribution poet impression on

spacehuman perception, namely the state of human ecology system.There are many

interesting things that-related and need to be discussedEcology our system. It was the first

draw, in creating a metaphor. Sir Arthur many use categories ofhuman, have 28 % of

precentage., The second are living and object in all his glory ie respectively by 16%. The

third is being with 14 % and then the fourth are energy and cosmosa lot of things also

discussedby Sir Arthur as much as 10%. The fifth category of animal with any behavior

which has a percentage 4%, substance category has a percentage of 2% and become the last

number. This suggests that human relationships are so caring, with many kinds of humans

that leads to the diversity of behavior and the problems created by humans.

Most of the interpretation of the metaphoric word found in The Sign of The Four has

the different meaning than the dictionary meaning. The meaning of each metaphoric word

could be varied based on the semiotic sign used in the language of the novel or literature.The

writer hopes that from thelearner, teacher and the reader can learn and understand about the

usage of figurative language and apply it in their daily communication life.

ABSTRAK Bachtiar, Ila Riza. 2015. Analysis Kata Metaforadalam Novel Karya Sir Arthur

Conan DoylEmpatPemburuHarta.”.Skripsi: Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Keguruan

dan Ilmu Pendidikan,Universitas Muria Kudus. Pembimbing: (i) Rismiyanto, S.S, M.Pd (ii)

TitisSulistyowati, S.S, M.Pd

Kata Kunci: Kata Metafora, Novel.

Sastra adalah ekspresi permanen dalam kata-kata dari beberapa pemikiran atau

perasaan atau ide tentang kehidupan dan dunia. Sastra juga tulisan atau studi tentang buku,

dihargai sebagai karya seni (drama, fiksi, esai, puisi, biografi, kontras dengan buku-buku

teknis dan jurnalisme). Hal ini juga dapat meningkatkan kita dalam cara menulis, membaca

dan menceritakan (diucapkan) dapat membuat pembaca atau bahkan guru dan siswa memiliki

pengetahuan dan kemampuan mereka, mudah-mudahan bisa membuat peran besar dalam

pendidikan.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apa sajakah kata metaforis, apa

saja jenis kata metaforis dan juga apa saja kategori kata metaforis dalam novel The Sign of

The Four oleh Sir Arthur Conan Doyl.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Penulis menggunakan novelsebagai

sumber data dan kata metaforis yang ditemukan dalam novel sebagai data. Penulis

menggunakan beberapa teknik untuk mengumpulkan data. Dengan menemukan novel

pertama kemudian membaca semua seluruh novel setelah itu menganalisis kata metafora

dalam novel.

Hasildaripenelitianberdasarkan 50 kata metaforis yang telahdiperoleh,

distribusipersentasetelah dicari,

yaitusimbolpersentasemewakilikategori.distribusipersentaseinimencerminkankesanpenyair,di

stribusipersentasepadapersepsiruangmanusia, yaitukeadaansistemekologimanusia. Ada

banyakhalmenarik yang terkaitdanperludibahasEkologisistemmanusia.Ituadalahhasilpertama

yang imbang, dalammenciptakanmetafora. Sir Arthur banyakmenggunakankategorimanusia,

memiliki28% dariprosentase.,Keduakehidupandanobjekyaitumasing-masingsebesar 16%.

Yang ketigaBeing dengan 14%

dankemudiankeempatadalahenergidankosmosbanyakhaljugadibahasoleh Sir Arthur

sebanyak10%. Kategorikelimahewandenganperilakunya yang memilikipersentase 4%,

kategorizatmemilikipersentase 2% danmenjadinomorterakhir.Hal

inimenunjukkanbahwahubunganmanusiabegitupeduli, denganberbagaijenismanusia yang

mengarahkekeragamanperilakudanmasalah yang diciptakanolehmanusia.

Sebagian besar interpretasi kata metaforis ditemukan di The Sign of The Four

memiliki arti yang berbeda dari arti kamus. Arti dari setiap kata metaforis dapat bervariasi

berdasarkan tanda semiotik yang digunakan dalam bahasa novel atau sastra. Penulis berharap

bahwa dari pelajar, guru dan pembaca dapat belajar dan memahami tentang penggunaan

bahasa kiasan dan menerapkannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari mereka komunikasi.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

COVER........................................................................................................ i

LOGO .......................................................................................................... ii

TITLE .......................................................................................................... iii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION ................................................................... iv

ADVISORS’ APPROVAL .......................................................................... v

EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL ...................................................................... vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................... vii

ABSTRACT................................................................................................. ix

ABSTRAK ................................................................................................... x

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................ xi

LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................... xiv

LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................. xv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Research ................................................................. 1

1.2 Statement of the Problems .................................................................... 4

1.3 Objective of the Research..................................................................... 4

1.4 Significance of the Research ................................................................ 4

1.5 Scope of the Research .......................................................................... 5

1.6 Operational Definition ......................................................................... 6

CHAPTER IIREVIEW TO RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Metaphoric ........................................................................................... 8

2.1.1 Types of Metaphorics ........................................................................... 10

2.1.1.1 Anthropomorphic Metaphoric ............................................................ 10

2.1.1.2 Zoological Metaphoric. ...................................................................... 11

2.1.1.3 Arising Metaphor for transfer of experience from Concrete to Abstract, or the

contrary ............................................................................................... 11

2.1.1.4 Metaphor Sintesis .............................................................................. 12

2.2 Category of Metaphoric ...................................................................... 12

2.2.1 Human Category .................................................................................. 12

2.2.2 Animal Category .................................................................................. 13

2.2.3 Living Category ................................................................................... 13

2.2.4 Object Category ................................................................................... 14

2.2.5 Substance Category .............................................................................. 14

2.2.6 Energy Category .................................................................................. 15

2.2.7 Cosmos Category ................................................................................. 15

2.2.8 Being Category .................................................................................... 16

2.3 Literature ............................................................................................. 17

2.3.1 Kinds of literature ................................................................................ 18

2.4 Novel ................................................................................................... 19

2.4.1 Elements of the Novel .......................................................................... 21

2.4.1.1 Intrinsic Element ............................................................................... 21

2.4.1.2 Extrinsic Element .............................................................................. 21

2.4.2 Characterizations ................................................................................. 22

2.5 Review of Previous Research ............................................................... 24

2.6 A Short Biography of Author. .............................................................. 25

CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH

3.1 Design of the Research ......................................................................... 27

3.2 Data and Data Source ........................................................................... 28

3.3 Data Collection .................................................................................... 29

3.4 Data Analysis ....................................................................................... 29

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING

4.1 The Types and Categories of Metaphoric Words Found on the Novel of The

Sign of The Four .................................................................................. 31

CHAPTER VDISCUSSION

5.1 The Metaphoric Words found in the The Sign of The Four Novel ........ 45

5.2 The Metaphoric Types Found on the The Sign of The Four novel ........ 47

5.2.1 Anthropomorphic Metaphor ................................................................. 47

5.2.2 Zoological Metaphor ............................................................................ 48

5.2.3 Arising Metaphor for transfer of experience from Concrete to Abstract, or the

contrary ......................................................................................................... 49

5.2.4 Sinestesis Metaphor .............................................................................. 49

5.3 The Category of Metaphoric Word Found in the The Sign of The Four Novel.51

5.3.1 Human Category .................................................................................. 52

5.3.2 Being Category..................................................................................... 55

5.3.3 Living Category ................................................................................... 57

5.3.4 Animal Category .................................................................................. 59

5.3.5 Object Category.................................................................................... 60

5.3.6 Substance Category .............................................................................. 62

5.3.7 Cosmos Category ................................................................................. 62

5.3.8 Energy Category ................................................................................... 64

CHAPTER VICONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

6.1 Conclusion ........................................................................................... 67

6.2 Suggestion ........................................................................................... 67

REFERENCES................................................................................... 69

APPENDICES .................................................................................... 70

STATEMENT ....................................................................................

CURRICULUM VITAE ....................................................................

`

LIST OF TABLES Table Page

2.2 The analysis of Metaphoric Words .......................................................... 31

3.1 The Distribution Category ....................................................................... 42

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendice Page

1. The Novel’s Chapter 1 ........................................................................... 70





6. The Novel’s Chapter 11.......................................................................... 116

7. The Novel’s Chapter 12.......................................................................... 123

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