Analysis of Electrification of Remote Villages in Palestine by using: PV system, Diesel, or...
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Transcript of Analysis of Electrification of Remote Villages in Palestine by using: PV system, Diesel, or...
Analysis of Electrification of Remote Villages in
Palestineby using: PV system, Diesel, or Extension Electrical Network
Prepared by :Ayman Shtayah
Qais Samarah
Supervisor : Dr. Imad Ibrik
1
Background
Palestine suffers from:•A non-secure electrical network•Palestinian Authority (PA) does not have any independence network in the West Bank
•The electrical loads are increased, but the grid does not expand
2
Background
•Palestine has a high solar radiation (Gr) and peak sunshine hours (PSH) amounts to about 3000h and this is enough to produce solar energy in a sustainable way.
•Availability of a large number of rural villages isolated from the electric grid.
•High fuel cost in Palestine .
3
Primary Purposes
•Economics comparison among photovoltaic system (PV), diesel generator (DG), hybrid PV-DG, and expansion electrical network
4
Secondary Purposes•Trial to feed more areas of electricity.
•Reduce the phenomenon of immigration from rural areas to cities & congestion in cities.
•Reduce the pollution of the atmosphere from diesel generators & product CO2.
5
Scope (PV alone system)
•It usually consists of: PV array, charge battery controller, inverter, and lead acid battery.
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Scope (DG alone systems)
•DG are widely used sources for remote off-grid areas mainly due to their low capital costs.
•It needs regular maintenance, fuel, filters, oils,..etc. and employee
7
Scope (Hybrid PV-DG systems -Series )• it combines between PV & DG to make
stable systems, because DG cover the reduction in energy of battery
• We add controller rectifier to convert AC to DC
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Scope (Expansion electrical network )•It requires many as: conductors, insulators, towers, truss, transformer, switch gears,… etc.
•It is more stable, but it is rarely existing on remote village
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Studying Load (Froosh Beit Dajan)• located at east of Nablus 40km• their population about 769 inhabitants in
100 houses• . It suffers from preventive, confiscation of
lands and water •no electrical network despite of IEC pass
through it. •The nearest point of medium voltage 33KV
return to PA far 6km at Aien Sheply village.
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Main loads existing in Froosh Biet Dajan•Residential loads: it distributed to centralized & decentralized
•Telecommunication tower loads (Jawwal tower): it distributed to AC, AC/DC and DC.
•Water Pumping loads: it has 5 main pumps but we chose Ibasi pump only.
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Daily load curve
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Decentralized centralized
Pmax & daily energy
residential SL house school Masjid Municipality Abbas Area Shaka AreaPmax (w) 100 192 300 100 60 11520 5760
E (kwh/day) 1 1.2 1.297 0.194 0.108 99.57 48.94
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tower Pmax (kw) E (kwh/d)
PAC 6.42 187.32
PAC/DC 5.26 148.29
PDC 4.96 142.64
After Studying the loads , we can get:
Pump H (m) V (m3/day) Eh (kwh/d)
Ibasi 110 877.5 276.18
we get E after dividing the energy by ηTL = 94%
The Sizing of the systems- PV:residential & tower•PV generator, storage battery, controller,
inverter:
• we applied 4 Gr at 4 tilted angle (0, 20, 32, 45)
•ηv= 92%, ηc = 95%, ηB = 85% , Ad= 1.5 , DOD= 75%
14
The Sizing of the systems- PV:residential & tower•On tower we applied the min month Gr to keep the loads operating all times
•Because the land of the tower is rented (not personal ) we add the size of land
•a = area for 1kwp=7.055m2
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The Sizing of the systems- PV:water pumping•PV generator, square inverter, induction
motor
• we applied average Gr from May to October (when pump operating)
•ηv= 92%, ηm = 90%, V = m3/day , TDH= 1.05*H , η p= 95%
•We take percentages of Eh when we applying equations
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The Sizing of the systems-existing DG:
area KVA h/d ld/h ld/d ld/y h/y
Abbas 66 4 16 64 23360 1460
Shaka 33 4 7 28 10220 1460
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KVA h/d ld/h ld/d ld/y h/y
18 12 4 48 17520 4380
18 12 4 48 17520 4380
percentage DHP (hp) ld/y
10% 7 2,106
20% 14 4,212
40% 28 8,424
60% 42 12,636
80% 56 16,848
90% 63 18,954
100% 70 21,060
residential
tower
Ibasi pump
The Sizing of the systems- hybrid:residential & tower•PV generator, storage battery, controller,
inverter: is the same size of PV alone.• in tower we used average Gr because the
DG get more stability of the system.•We used Ad= 1 day•Size of :DG rectifier
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The Sizing of the systems- hybrid:residential & tower•To calculate the consumption of diesel and
operating hour per year of DG, we must determine the percent that DG covered as follows:
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Month
tilt 1 2 3 4 10 11 12
0 0.46 0.37 0.14 0 0.06 0.32 0.49
20 0.341 0.3 0.107 0 0 0.16 0.353
32 0.27 0.26 0.09 0 0 0.073 0.28
45 0.2 0.21 0.06 0.02 0 0 0.19
The Sizing of the systems- hybrid:water pumping•the diesel pumping used to compensate
the percentage of Eh covered by PV. That means we cover 100% of Eh by two systems: PV and diesel, so we used two pumps for each.
•e.g.: when the percentage of PV is 10% then the percentage of diesel is 90%
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The Sizing of the systems-Expansion electrical network•When electrical network will be
expanded, all loads in the village will be benefited from it.
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The Sizing of the systems-Expansion electrical network
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conducto
r
lengt
hV (KV) Ac (mm) number Ac of earth
AB 6000 33 50 3 phase 35
B C 2000 0.4 150 4 phase + 1 nutral 50
B D 2000 0.4 50 5 phase + 1 nutral 35
B E 600 0.4 50 6 phase + 1 nutral 35
Economical study
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1. Normal caseapplied without any considerations of existing DG in the village
1. Replacement caseThe existing DG enters economical study as salvage value , subtract from present cost
1. Continuing caseDG existing now work on hybrid system , no fixed cost of DG
Results PV alone:
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System 0 20 32 45
Abbas
Centralized
normal 0.7590.72
70.72
7 0.742replaceme
nt 0.7390.70
70.70
7 0.722
Decentralized
normal 0.7100.68
10.68
1 0.695replaceme
nt 0.6910.66
10.66
1 0.675
Shaka
Centralized
normal 0.7600.72
80.72
8 0.743replaceme
nt 0.7270.69
50.69
5 0.711
Decentralized
normal 0.7100.68
10.68
1 0.695replaceme
nt 0.6780.64
80.64
8 0.663
Results PV alone:
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AC
normal1.32
61.05
40.97
7 0.946
replacement1.31
01.03
80.96
0 0.930
AC/DC
normal1.40
61.11
61.03
4 1.002
replacement1.38
51.09
61.01
3 0.981
DC
normal1.22
20.97
10.90
0 0.873
replacement1.20
10.95
00.87
9 0.851
10%0.73
40.72
10.74
7 0.806
20%0.73
10.71
40.74
3 0.803
40%0.72
70.71
40.74
0 0.799
60%0.73
90.72
60.75
2 0.812
80%0.72
60.71
30.73
8 0.798
90%0.72
80.71
50.74
1 0.800
100%0.72
30.71
00.73
6 0.795
0 20 32 45
Results DG alone:
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Abbas 0.865Shaka 0.916Tower 0.800
Pump
10% 0.93320% 0.72640% 0.62160% 0.59880% 0.56590% 0.566100% 0.556
comparison of $/kwh for Ibasi pump DG alone & PV alone at different percentage of Eh
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Results hybrid:
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0 20 32 45
Abbas
normal 0.828 0.7690.75
10.75
5
replacement 0.808 0.7500.73
10.73
5
continuing 0.815 0.7550.73
80.74
3
Shaka
normal 0.899 0.8370.81
70.82
2
replacement 0.867 0.8040.78
50.78
9
continuing 0.859 0.7980.78
00.78
5
Pump
10%PV + 90%
diesel0.58
30.58
20.58
40.59
020%PV +
80% diesel
0.598
0.596
0.601
0.613
40%PV + 60%
diesel0.65
00.64
50.65
50.67
960%PV +
40% diesel
0.691
0.683
0.699
0.735
80%PV + 20%
diesel0.72
60.71
60.73
60.78
390%PV +
10% diesel
0.749
0.737 0.76
0.813
Results hybrid:
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Tower
AC
normal0.89
80.82
60.80
5 0.813
replacement0.88
20.81
00.78
9 0.804
continuing0.88
30.81
00.78
9 0.798
AC/DC
normal0.96
30.88
60.86
5 0.873
replacement0.94
30.86
60.84
3 0.851
continuing0.87
90.80
50.78
4 0.791
DC
normal0.86
10.79
10.77
0 0.777
replacement0.84
00.77
00.74
9 0.755
continuing0.83
90.77
10.75
0 0.757
0 20 32 45
Results of extension network:
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normal 0.346
replacement 0.333
Conclusion
•The most economical alternative to electrify the village is extension electrical network, but we know that is prevented since 1967.
•The most economical alternative to electrify the residential is the PV decentralized system at tilt 20 or 32
•The second economical alternative to electrify the residential is the hybrid system at tilt angle= 32, and it is more than reliable PV
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Conclusion
•The most economical alternative to electrify the tower is the hybrid with DC system at tilt 32, and it more than reliable PV
•The second economical alternative to electrify the tower is the existing DG (it is more economical than PV)
•The most economical alternative to electrify the pump is the diesel water pumping as existing now.
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