Analysis of Algal Polysaccharides as Drag Reducing Agents · 2018. 7. 25. · Drag Reducing...
Transcript of Analysis of Algal Polysaccharides as Drag Reducing Agents · 2018. 7. 25. · Drag Reducing...
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Analysis of Algal Polysaccharides as Drag Reducing Agents
Yang He
Chemical Engineering Department
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Overview
• Drag force and drag reducing agents(DRA)
• Algal polysaccharides and industrial gums (galactomannans)
• Results
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Drag Reducing Agents(DRA):Long chain polymer chemicals that when injectedinto a pipeline where the fluid is turbulent modifies the flow regime by reducingthe frictional pressure drop along the pipeline length
What DRA do?
� Can either provide an increase in flow resulting in a much higher throughput or maintain the same flow rate but with a substantial decrease in energy to save energy cost
� Do not coat the pipeline wall, modify the fluid viscosity or have any chemical reaction with the oil
� Inhibiting turbulent bursts near the pipe wall, increase laminar sub layer
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Drag formation and reduction
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Drag reducing agents used in this study
Galactomannan seriesRed microalgae Porphyridium sp.
galactose
mannose
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Red microalgae Porphyridium sp. polysaccharides procedure
Grow under light source for weeks in
a shaker
• Red microalgae will be harvest and polysaccharides will be formed in the media.
Dialysis with distilled
water for 24
• Wash the media out water for 24
hrs
out
Precipitate the polysaccharides
out • Use 3 volumes
of ethanol
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40 L Tank
½ in D, 8 ft L Pipe
¾ hp Pump
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Drag in a pipe system calculationDarcy-Weisbach equation
g
phL ρ
∆=
µρDv=Re
2
2
v
g
L
Dhf L
=P1,2 - pressure measured at points 1 and 2
h - head loss
Generally definition of percentage drag reduction
2vLhf L
=1,2
hL - head loss
g - acceleration due to gravity
ρ - density of the fluid
f - friction factor
D - pipe diameter
L - pipe length
w- with additive
w/o- without additive
v - fluid velocity
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Drag reduction for galactomannans
15%
20%
25%
30%
% D
R
Locust Bean Gum
Locust Bean Gum
galactose
mannose
1:4
*used by permission of Dr. Azadeh M. Pourmir
0%
5%
10%
0 50 100 150 200
Concentration (ppm)
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Drag reduction for galactomannans
1:3 15%
20%
25%
30%
% D
RLocust Bean Gum
Tara Gum
galactose
mannose
1:4
*used by permission of Dr. Azadeh M. Pourmir
0%
5%
10%
0 50 100 150 200
Concentration (ppm)
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Drag reduction for galactomannans
1:2
1:3 15%
20%
25%
30%
% D
R
Guar Gum
Locust Bean Gum
Tara Gum
galactose
mannose
1:4
*used by permission of Dr. Azadeh M. Pourmir
0%
5%
10%
0 50 100 150 200
Concentration (ppm)
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Drag reduction for galactomannans
1:1
1:2
1:3 15%
20%
25%
30%
% D
R
Guar Gum
Locust Bean Gum
Tara Gum
Fenugreek Gum
galactose
mannose
1:4
*used by permission of Dr. Azadeh M. Pourmir
0%
5%
10%
0 50 100 150 200
Concentration (ppm)
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Drag reduction effectiveness with time
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
Tara
Guar
% D
R
1:1 ratio
1:2 ratio
1:3 ratio
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Guar
Locust bean
Fenugreek
Time (min)
1:4 ratio
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Effect of Polysaccharide Concentration for Red microalgae Porphyridium sp.
15%
20%
25%
30%
% D
R
Red Algae
0%
5%
10%
15%
0 20 40 60 80 100
% D
R
Concentration (ppm)
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Comparison of Drag Reduction Effectiveness
15
20
25
30
%D
R
0
5
10
15
Locust Bean Tara Guar Fenugreek Porphyridium sp.
%D
R
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� Drag Reduction ↑ with [polysaccharides] up to 26% at 200 ppm
� Drag Reduction ∝ ratio of galactose to mannose
Conclusion
∝
� Red microalgae Prophyridium sp. has the potential to be used as a DRA
Drag reduction ability up to 25% at 100 ppm
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Thanks!
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Locust Bean Tara Guar Fenugreek Porphyridium
sp.
%D
R
30.00%Tara
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
0 100 200 300 400
Tara
Guar
Locust bean
Fenugreek
% D
R
Time (min)