ANALYSIS KINDS OF PHRASAL VERBS IN THE TED TALK SPEECH...

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ANALYSIS KINDS OF PHRASAL VERBS IN THE TED TALK

SPEECH “THE POWER OF INTROVERTS” PRODUCED BY

SUSAN CAIN IN EDITION ON MARCH 2018

A GRADUATING PAPER

Submitting to the Board of Examiners as a partial fulfilment of the

requirements for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan (S.Pd)

By:

ANGLILA WIKASITAKUSUMANING AHAYU

113 14 087

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY

STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES (IAIN)

SALATIGA

2018

v

Motto

“No Sacrifice, No Victory”

(Transformers 2)

“Where There‟s A Will, There Will Be A Way”

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DEDICATION

This graduating paper is sincerely dedicated for:

My beloved mother (Ronita Agustina) who always pray, give supports and

motivations for me.

My beloved little brother and sister and my big family who always give

my life with love and happiness.

My consultant Dr. Sa‟adi, M.Ag who always guides and motivates for me.

My Slanted crazy mad freaky friend Konco Rayap (Tasfiatun N) thank

you for always be in all my condition, especially when I‟m doing my

graduating paper.

My beloved friends (Aufi, Aya, Mira, and Ririn) you cheer up my day and

give me some supports to do my graduating paper.

My beloved someone in my heart. Here you are, my big bro (Cahya) who

always gives supports and loves every day.

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BLES OF CONTENTS

TITLE ............................................................................................................... i

DECLARATION ............................................................................................. ii

ATTENTIVE COUNSELOR‟S NOTES ......................................................... iii

PAGE OF CERTIFICATION .......................................................................... iv

MOTTO ........................................................................................................... v

DEDICATION ................................................................................................. vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................... vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. ix

LIST OF TABLE ............................................................................................. xiii

ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... xiv

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study ...................................................................... 1

B. Problem of the Study ............................................................................ 3

C. Objective of the Study .......................................................................... 4

D. Significant of the Study ........................................................................ 4

E. Limitation of the Study ........................................................................ 5

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F. Definition of the Key Terms ................................................................ 5

G. Organization of the Study .................................................................... 6

CHAPTER II: THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Previous Research Review ................................................................... 8

B. Phrasal Verbs........................................................................................ 10

1. The Definition of Phrasal Verbs .................................................... 10

2. Literal and Non-Literal Meaning of Phrasal Verbs ........................ 10

3. Types of Phrasal Verbs .................................................................. 11

4. The Grammar Pattern of Phrasal Verbs ......................................... 12

5. The Most Common Verbs in Phrasal Verbs .................................. 14

6. Synonyms of Phrasal Verbs ........................................................... 14

C. Particles in Phrasal Verbs ..................................................................... 14

1. The Definition of Particle ............................................................... 14

a. Particle “Up” ............................................................................ 15

b. Particle “Out” ........................................................................... 15

c. Particle “Off”............................................................................ 15

d. Particle “On and In” ................................................................. 16

e. Particle “Down and Over”........................................................ 16

f. Particle “Around and About” ................................................... 17

g. Particle “For and With” ............................................................ 18

h. Particle “Through and Back” ................................................... 18

i. Particle “Into and Away” ......................................................... 19

2. Place of Particle in Phrasal Verbs .................................................. 19

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CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD

A. Research Object.................................................................................... 20

B. Design of the Research ......................................................................... 20

1. Primary Source ............................................................................... 20

2. Secondary Source ........................................................................... 21

C. Types of the Research .......................................................................... 21

D. Technique of Data Collection .............................................................. 21

E. Technique of Data Analysis ................................................................. 22

CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS

A. The Types of Phrasal Verbs Which Are Used in The Speech ............. 23

1. List of Phrasal Verbs in The Speech .............................................. 23

2. The Analysis of Phrasal Verbs ....................................................... 26

B. The Kinds of Phrasal Verbs Which Are Used in The Speech .............. 51

CHAPTER V: CLOSURE

A. Conclusion ............................................................................................ 52

B. Suggestion ............................................................................................ 52

REFERENCES ................................................................................................. 54

APPENDIX ...................................................................................................... 56

CURRICULUM VITAE .................................................................................. 71

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LISTS OF TABLE

Table 4.1 Phrasal Verbs Found in the Speech.................................................. 23

Table 4.2 The Analysis of Phrasal Verbs ......................................................... 26

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ABSTRACT

Ahayu, Anglila Wikasitakusumaning. 2018. Analysis Kinds of Phrasal Verbs in

the TED Talk Speech Produced by Susan Cain in Edition on March, 2012.

Graduating Paper, English Education Department. State Institute of

Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga. Counselor: Dr. Sa‟adi, M.Ag.

Key Words: Analysis; Descriptive Qualitative Approach; Phrasal Verbs;

Speech.

The writer conducted the research about an analysis of phrasal verbs in the

TED talk speech produced by Susan Cain in edition on March, 2012. The aim of

this research are: (1) to describe kinds of phrasal verbs which are used in the

formal communication in TED talk speech “The Power of Introverts” which is

produced by Susan Cain in edition on March, 2012. (2) to find out the dominants

of phrasal verbs in the formal communication in TED talk speech “The Power of

Introverts” which is produced by Susan Cain in edition on March, 2012.

This research explained about the kinds of phrasal verbs which are used in

the speech. This research used descriptive qualitative approach methodology as

the research design. The writer used a speech from primary data.

The result of this research are: (1) the Speech of Susan Cain “The Power

of Introverts” consists of two kinds of phrasal verbs. They are: inseparable phrasal

verbs and separable phrasal verbs. In this research the writer has found 41

inseparable phrasal verbs, and 17 separable phrasal verbs. (2) The dominant of

phrasal verb that is used in the Speech of Susan Cain “The Power of Introverts” in

edition on March, 2012 is inseparable phrasal verb.

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of The Study

Language is a communication tool which is used by all of the

humans in the world. According to Risdianto (2013: 1), “Language is

produced as a vital means to deliver messages or communicate messages

by the use of speaking (the act of sound production), symbol or symbol

writing”. As widely known there are many kinds of language in the world.

Each country has different language and character (Some of them are:

Indonesian, English, French, etc). The use of language is very important in

our daily life, by using language the people are able to deliver their

messages with others, and also they can make an interaction as their

position as the member of society. Especially for English. It becomes

foreign language in Indonesia. Nowadays, English is not just a language in

use, but it also be used in learning.

In this modern era, English plays an important role in an

international interaction. In Indonesia, English becomes a subject matter in

every school because learning English is important for getting scholarship

and it is also important if somebody wants to go to abroad. In Indonesia,

every education stage starts from kindergarten until university learn

English. Students who learn English sometimes find difficulties in

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mastering it. It may due to interference of habit from the local language

(Indonesian) because the grammar structure of them are different.

Breadsmore (1982) as cited in Bhela (1999), suggests that many of the

difficulties in learning a second language deals with the phonology,

vocabulary and grammar of second language (L2) they may be due to the

interference of habits from L1 (Indonesian). One example of the

difficulties that student find is phrasal verb.

As indicated earlier, phrasal verbs are widely used by the native

speakers of English in the oral and written communication. According to

Bolton (2012, n.p.) as cited in Mahmoud Abdulmoneim (2015: 263) states

that most of the native English speaker uses one or more of phrasal verb in

their daily life. It can be said that most of the sentences, paragraphs,

novels, films, speech in English use phrasal verbs. It means as the learner

of English, the students could not ignore the use of phrasal verbs in their

daily life.

English has many phrasal verbs. Even it is used from daily

conversation to the formal and informal conversations. As stated by

Mahmoud Abdulmoneim (2015) “phrasal verb is a combination of two or

three words functioning as a unit of meaning”. In the other definition, the

form of phrasal verb is made up of main verb with an adverb or

preposition, or both of them. (https://en.oxforddictionaries.com on July, 14

2018 at 14:40 p.m.). From those definitions it can be concluded that

https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/

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phrasal verbs are the combination of two or three words that is consist of

verb and adverb or verb and preposition.

Based on the explanation above, the writer is inspired to make an

analysis of the use of phrasal verbs in formal communication speech that is

produced by American writer, Susan Cain. The writer takes TED Talk

Speech because it is a web that provide many kinds of speech. In the TED

Talk Speech, the somebody can find a speech easily. The reason why the

writer takes this speech is because the writer likes the speaker and the

contents of the speech. This speech talks about the power of introverts.

Therefore, the writer is interested in conducting a research entitled:

“Analysis Kinds of Phrasal Verbs in The TED Talk Speech “The Power of

Introverts” Produced by Susan Cain in Edition on March, 2012”.

B. Problem of The Study

Based on the background of study, the writer formulates the problems of

the study as follows:

1. What types of phrasal verbs are used in the formal communication in

TED talk speech “The Power of Introverts” that is produced by Susan

Cain in edition on March, 2012?

2. What are the dominants of phrasal verbs found in the formal

communication in TED talk speech “The Power of Introverts” that is

produced by Susan Cain in edition on March, 2012?

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C. Objective of The Study

The objectives of the study can be stated as follows:

1. To describe kinds of phrasal verbs which are used in the formal

communication in TED talk speech “The Power of Introverts” which is

produced by Susan Cain in edition on March, 2012.

2. To find out the dominants of phrasal verbs in the formal

communication in TED talk speech “The Power of Introverts” which is

produced by Susan Cain in edition on March, 2012.

D. Significance of The Study

By doing the research, the writer hopes that:

1. Theoretical significance

a. The writer expects that this study is able to contribute significantly

about phrasal verbs.

2. Practical significances

a. The result of the study can be used to increase the students master

and to use the phrasal verbs.

b. The result of this study can be used as a reference to the other

research dealing with phrasal verbs.

E. Limitation of The Study

In this analysis, the writer limits the study about the kinds of

phrasal verbs which are used in the TED talk speech “The Power of

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Introverts” that is produced by Susan Cain in Edition on March, 2012 in

order to give a clear description. This research is focused on the analysis

of the sentences represent phrasal verbs.

F. Definition of The Key Terms

The definition of the keywords in this study which related to the study can

be explain as follows:

1. Analysis

Tom Ritchey (1996: n.p.) states, “Analysis is defined as the

procedure by which we break down an intellectual or substantial whole

into parts or components”.

“Analysis is the process of studying or examining something in an

organized way to learn more about it, or a particular study of

something”. (http://dictionary.cambridge.org on August,29 2018 at

20:16 p.m.)

2. Phrasal Verb

“Phrasal Verb is a combination of verbs and prepositions or

particles but semantically their meaning are generally not the direct

sum of their part” R. Geetha‟ & Stephen Jabenesan (2015:24).

“Phrasal verb is a combination of two or three words functioning

as a unit of meaning” Abdulmoneim (2015:261).

3. Speech

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/

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“Speech is the expression of or the ability to express thoughts and

feelings by articulate sounds. Speech is also a formal address or

discourse delivered to an audience” (http://en.oxforddictionaries.com

on July, 14 2018 at 14:49 p.m.).

G. Organization of The Study

To help the readers understanding the whole contents of this paper,

the writer divides it into five chapters. Each chapter has different contents

as follows:

Chapter I is introduction, in this chapter will consist of background

of the study, problem of the study, objectives of the study, significances of

the study, limitation of the study, the definition of the key terms, previous

research review, method of the research, and organization of the study.

Chapter II describes about theoretical framework which consists of

the theories that are used by the writer and previous researches review.

Those are the definition of phrasal, and the kinds of phrasal verbs and their

explanations.

Chapter III discusses about the type of the study, method of the

study, object of the study, technique of collecting data, and technique of

analyzing data.

Chapter IV is data analysis. In this chapter the writer explains

about the answer of problem of the study.

http://en.oxforddictionaries.com/

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Chapter V is closure which consists of conclusion and suggestion.

In this chapter the writer is going to inform the conclusion of the data

analysis in summary and give some suggestions to better learning that

deals with phrasal verb.

The last part of this graduating paper is references and appendixes.

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CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter covers definitions and theories which are related to the

research object. The supporting theories are needed to help to solve the

research.

A. Review of Previous Researches

In this research paper, the writer takes five previous research study.

The first is the research from Jamil (2013). This research studies about the

translation analysis of English phrasal verb in Endless Night novel. The

objectives of this research are to classify the translation shift of phrasal

verbs and to describe the equivalence of phrasal verbs and it‟s translation.

This research applies descriptive qualitative research. In collecting the data

this research uses documentation method and technique of coding.

The second research is from Adawiyah (2015). The purpose of this

study is to measure the effect of the effect of song lyrics listening on

phrasal verb mastery of second grade students of MAN Model

Palangkaraya. The types of this research is experimental study especially

non-randomize control group, pre-test – post-test design. This research

uses qualitative approach in finding out the answer of the problem study.

The third research is from Astrid (2010). The purpose of this study

is to find and describe the meaning of separable and inseparable phrasal

verb in Linkin Park‟s lyrics. The other purpose of this research is to find

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and describe the meaning of transitive and intransitive phrasal verbs in

Linkin Park‟s selected lyrics. The method which is used to analyse the

data is descriptive method.

The fourth research is from Manik (n.d). This research is aim to

find out the kinds of phrasal verb and the meaning of the phrase verb in

the movie Pride and Prejudice and the meanings of the phrasal verbs. The

object of this research is “Pride and Prejudice” film. This research is a

descriptive study. The data are collected from the conversations of the

characters of the movie.

The fifth research is from Siregar (2013). This research is aim to

find out the kinds of phrasal verbs which are used in the novel of Khaled

Hosseini. There are 3 problems discussed in this research, such as types of

phrasal verbs, functions of particles in phrasal verbs and types of semantic

distinction found in phrasal verbs.

To differentiate with those researches above, this research is

focused on the kinds of phrasal verbs which are used in the speech of

Susan Cain “The Power of Introverts” in edition on March, 2012 and the

dominants of phrasal verbs which are used in the speech. From those

previous researches above most of the researcher use novel and song lyrics

for the object of their research but, here the writer is interested in using

speech as the object of the research.

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B. Phrasal Verb

1. The Definition of Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal verbs are frequently found in English. It commonly used in

both spoken and written English. According to John Flower (1993:7),

“a phrasal verb is a verb plus one or two particles”. It means that

phrasal verbs are verbs that are combine with verbs (such as; bring,

get, go, put, take, turn) and prepositions (such as; up, down, out, in,

off, on) but it can be easier to think of them as all particles. Some

examples of phrasal verbs are; bring on, take out, go off, get on, and

etc. According to McCarthy & O‟Dell (2004:6), “Phrasal verbs are

verbs that consist of a verb and a particle”. Particles here are adverb

and preposition (McCarthy & O‟Dell (2004:6). It can be concluded

that phrasal verbs are the combination of two or three words that is

consist of verb and adverb, or verb and preposition.

2. Literal and Non-Literal Meaning of Phrasal Verb

There are many phrasal verbs in English. Some of them have literal

meanings. It means that the meaning can be guessed. Some of phrasal

verbs also have non-literal meaning, which mean that it is more

complicated to guess the meaning, unless the context is clear. For the

example as follows:

a. He looked up and saw the plane overhead. (here the meanings of the

verb „look‟ and „up‟ have not changed – the meaning of the phrasal

verb is literal).

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b. He looked up all the words he didn‟t understand in his new

dictionary. (here the meaning has changed. „look up‟ means to seek

information in a reference book). (http://unienglish.curtin.edu.au on

August, 03 2018 at 15:28 p.m.).

3. Types of Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal verbs occur most frequently in spoken English it usually

informal in style. Often in formal style it can be found in writing

essays, and the phrasal verb is replaced with more formal form. Every

phrasal verb has their own grammar and word order. Therefore, there

are four types of phrasal verbs according to

(http://unienglish.curtin.edu.au on August, 03 2018 at 15:30 p.m.) as

follows:

a. Type 1: some phrasal verbs are intransitive. It means that verb

does not take an object. The verb cannot be separated from its

particle. For the example of Intransitive and inseparable:

1) The plane took off at 4 pm

2) The plane took off without me

b. Type 2: some phrasal verbs are transitive. It means that the

verb has an object. They are also separable, which means that

the verb can be separated from its particle. For the example of

transitive and separable:

1) He looked the word up in the dictionary

2) I put my books away in my suitcase

http://unienglish.curtin.edu.au/

http://unienglish.curtin.edu.au/

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c. Type 3: some phrasal verbs are transitive and inseparable. It

means that it is impossible to place another word between verb

and its particle. For the example of transitive and inseparable:

1) I‟m looking for Lee

2) Someone must look after him

d. Type 4: phrasal verbs are also inseparable because they have

two particles following the verb. These verbs are normally

written with someone and/or something after them to show that

they can‟t be separated. For the example:

1) I‟m really looking forward to my holiday

2) They have run out of gasoline

4. The Grammar Pattern of Phrasal Verb

According to McCarthy & O‟Dell (2004: 6) the grammar pattern

example of phrasal verb whether the verb takes an object as follows:

Note: sth means something; sb means someone.

grammar pattern comment example

eat out The verb is used

without an object

They were too tired to

cook at home so they

decided to eat out. In

here, means that eat in

a restaurant.

Not: They decided to

eat out a meal

bring back sth or

bring sth back

The verb must have a

non-human object

This photograph

brings back happy

memories. It has a

meaning that makes

someone remember or

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think about something

from the past.

ask out sb or ask sb

out

The verb must have a

human object

I‟d love to ask Sally

out. It has a meaning

that invite Sally to go

to a place.

look after sb/sth The object can be

either human or non-

human

I‟ll look after the

baby while you‟re

cooking.

Will you look after

my bike while I‟m

away?

ring sb back The object must come

before the particle

I‟ll ring you back

later. It means that

He/She will phone

again.

Not: I‟ll ring back

you.

look after sb/sth The object must come

after the particle

Can you look after

the dog while I‟m

away?

Not: can you look the

dog after while I‟m

away?

drop off sb/sth or

drop sb/sth off

The object can be

before or after the

particle

I dropped off the

package at her house.

I dropped the

package off at her

house.

It means that deliver

or leave something in

a place.

5. The most common verbs in phrasal verbs

There are twenty verbs that are usually used to form part of phrasal

verbs. They are; (break, bring, call, come, cut, get, give, go, keep,

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knock, look, make, pass, pick, pull, put, run, set, take, turn). Actually,

the verbs above have some concrete meanings, but when they are part

of phrasal verbs they often have abstract meaning. Sometimes the

concrete meaning can help to guess the abstract meaning for example,

you can look back to wave goodbye to someone as you leave in a car

(concrete meaning – look behind you), or you can look back on your

past life (abstract meaning – remember or recall) McCarthy & O‟Dell

(2004: 8).

6. Synonyms of Phrasal Verbs

A phrasal verb can be replaced by a single verb with a verb which

has the same meaning, and the use of single verb often, but not always

more formal. For the example, the word “put off” can be replaced with

“postpone” (Let‟s put off the meeting until Friday with Let‟s postpone

the meeting until Friday) McCarthy & O‟Dell (2004: 8).

C. Particles in Phrasal Verbs

1. The Definition of Particle

As already known, particle in phrasal verbs are preposition and

adverb. In some phrasal verbs the particle has a clear basic meaning.

According to McCarthy & O‟Dell (2004: 6) “Particles are small words

which you already know as preposition or adverb”. There are some of

common particles in phrasal verb: about, around, at, away, back, down,

for, in, into, off, on, out, over, through, to, up. Here the explanation of

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the particles above according to McCarthy & O‟Dell (2004:10) as

follows:

a. The particle “Up”

This particle sometimes expresses the idea of completing something or

totally finishing something e.g. I‟d used up all my energy and I was too

tired to do anything. Sometimes this particle can be used for emphasis:

Eat up your vegetables, Children!, Drink up your juice!. These

sentences could be written without up, but using up emphasis the

meaning of „finish it all or completely‟. McCarthy & O‟Dell (2004:30)

b. The particle “Out”

Many phrasal verbs which use this particle, have a basic meaning of

out, i.e. not in. for example: Do exercise 8 but leave out number 10.

Particle out also gives an idea doing something to the end or completing

something, e.g. I sorted out my room on Sunday. It means that arranged

things that were untidy. McCarthy & O‟Dell (2004:32)

c. The particle “Off”

This particle means leaving places e.g. We should head off at about six

tomorrow, next it can be ending or changing state means that it

expresses an idea of moving towards an ending or change of state e.g.

I‟ll come and see you off at the airport tomorrow. It means that go to

the airport in order to say goodbye. McCarthy & O‟Dell (2004:34)

d. The particle “On and In”

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The particle On sometimes has a clear basic meaning with the

physical meaning of “on” e.g. Never buy shoes without trying them

on!. It means that putting on a piece of clothing to see whether it fits

and whether you like it. The particle On is also used with verb where

there is an idea of dependence e.g. You can always rely/depend/count

on Jim!. Then, particle on in phrasal verb also contain an idea of

further e.g. You must keep on trying!. It means that continue to do

something. Particle „In‟ in the phrasal verb it has a link with basic

physical meaning of in. For example, Please, call in and see us when

you are next in town. It means that visit a place or person for a short

time, usually when you are going to somewhere else. Another

example, Make sure you leave the office by 6.30 p.m. or you‟ll be

looked in. It has a meaning that prevent someone from leaving a room

or building by locking the doors. McCarthy & O‟Dell (2004:36).

e. Particle “Down and Over”

There are many kinds of meaning of particle down (such as; move in

the direction of the ground, heaviness which causes difficulty, put on

paper, reduce a number or amount, or not let it rise, and stop an

activity). For the examples are: I‟ll write down your phone number, or

else I‟ll forget it. It means that write something on a piece of paper so

that you do not forget it. I‟m taking these tablets to keep my blood

pressure down. It means that stop the number, level, or size of

something from increasing. The car factory has shut down, and 2,000

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people have lost their jobs. It means that it is closed and stopped

working. There are many kinds of meaning in particle “over”. For

examples, Could you read over Philippa‟s latest report?. It means

read something from beginning to the end in order to find any

mistakes or to understand it better. We can go over it when we meet

tomorrow. It means that talk or think about something in order to

explain it or make sure that it is correct. I‟m sure she‟ll get over soon.

It means that recover from an illness or disappointment. She also fell

over and hurt her knee quite badly. It has a meaning fell to the ground.

McCarthy & O‟Dell (2004:38).

f. Particle “Around and About”

Particle around and about are often interchangeable in phrasal verbs:

both particles are equally possible with all the verbs. These particles

are often express an idea of acting in relaxed way, or without a

particular purpose or without concentrating. For examples are: If you

can wait around/about for an hour, we should be able to tell you your

result. It means that stay in one place without doing anything as you

wait for something to happen. I hate the way he just lies around all

day watching TV while I‟m working. It means that spend time lying

down doing very little. Sometimes particle around/about to describe

where we belong in (being in a place). For examples are: Can you

stick around in my room this afternoon?. It has an informal meaning:

stay somewhere for a period of time. The boss has already shown me

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around/round. It has a meaning done with someone to a place that

have not visited before and show the interesting part of it. McCarthy

& O‟Dell (2004:40).

g. Particle “For and With”

For examples, I think you should go for it. It means that try to get or

achieve it. We‟ll be rooting for you. It has an informal meaning:

showing support for someone in a competition, or hoping that you‟ll

succeed. I think a letter „R‟ is stands for „Restaurant‟. It means a

letter of a word or name is used to represent it. Then, particle with for

examples, His latest book deals with the civil war of 1984-1989. It

means that if something such as book, film, article it can be related to

a particular subject or idea, it is about that subject or idea. I know,

studying PhD is hard, but I think you should stick with it. It means

that continue doing something even though it is difficult. McCarthy &

O‟Dell (2004:42).

h. Particle “Through and Back”

Particle through in phrasal verb gives an idea of going from one side

of something to the other, or from the beginning to the end of

something. For example, If you sleep through a loud noise or activity,

it does not wake you. Then particle back is usually convey the idea of

returning. For example, If you go to the shop to exchange it in person

you take it back. McCarthy & O‟Dell (2004:44).

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i. Particle “Into and Away”

For examples, Car problems again today! Must look into getting a

new one. It means that investigate and examine the facts about a

problem or situation. Met Liam today, He went into his marriage

problems in great details. It has a meaning that describe and discussed

something in detail way. Next about particle away there are some

examples of particle away such as; I think I should stay away from

desserts. I‟m putting on weights. It has a meaning avoid something

that has a bad effect on you. Did you ever run away from your home

as a child?. It means secretly leave a place because you are unhappy

there. McCarthy & O‟Dell (2004:46).

2. Place of Particle in Phrasal Verb

Very often that the particle comes immediately after the verb, but

this is not always. Sometimes the particle has to go after the verb (e.g.

The cat stayed on top of the tree and only got gown for eat meal), then

sometimes the particle immediately after the object (e.g. This terrible

weather is getting many people down – means that making them

depressed), and sometimes the particle may go before or after the object

(e.g. Did you get down all the information? – means that manage to make

a note of it or Did you get all the information down?). If the object is a

pronoun, the particle comes after it (e.g. Did you get it down?) John

Flower (1993: 7).

20

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methodology which is used by the

researcher to analyse the data.

H. Research Object

The object of this research is the phrasal verbs which are spoken by

Susan Cain in “TED Talk Speech (2012): The Power of Introverts”.

I. Design of The Research

In this research, the writer uses descriptive qualitative research

approach. The writer choses this method because it is compatible with the

research where the data is from of words.

Descriptive analysis means to analyse the data which has been

described; it is the research based on the fact taken from the transcript of

the speech. The analyses in qualitative research concern in understanding

the result of found data rather than calculate the result of found data

(Moleong, 2009:3).

21

The data sources are all the information or subjects that should be

collected and chosen by the writer (Arikunto, 1998: 114). In this research

there are two types of the data resources they are: primary and secondary

sources.

1. Primary Sources

Primary source is the main source of this research which

becomes the basic of the research. Based on the title of this

research, the primary source of this research is taken from “TED

Talk Speech (2012): The Power of Introverts” a speech by Susan

Cain.

2. Secondary Sources

Secondary source is the supporting data to make the

primary data to be more clearly and detail. The supporting data is

taken from educational books, relevant journals and other relevant

theories.

J. Types of The Research

In this research, the researcher uses literature research. As already

known that literature research needs another literature material to deal with

the research. By literature research, the writer can collect the data from

books and relevant journals.

K. Technique of Data Collection

22

In this research, the writer uses documentation as the way to collect

the data. According to Arikunto (2010: 201), documentation is from the

original word document, which means that stuff writing. In implementing

the method of documentation, researcher investigates the objects written as

transcript of a speech, books, novels, documents and so on. In this

research, the writer uses documentation method to analyse data from

“TED Talk Speech: The Power of Introverts”. To sum up the steps that are

used to collect the data are as follows:

a. The researcher reads all the transcripts of the speech.

b. The researcher selected the phrasal verbs which are found in the

speech.

c. The researcher took a note about the phrasal verbs from the speech.

L. Technique of Data Analysis

According to Creswell (2007:148) there are some steps which can

use to make data analysis in qualitative research as follows:

a. Preparing The Data

In this part the researcher downloads the video and the transcript of

the object of the research. In here the researcher uses speech as the

object.

b. Organizing The Data

In this step the researcher reads all of the transcript of the speech and

selected the phrasal verbs which are found in the transcript.

c. Representing The Data

23

The researcher takes a note and classify the phrasal verbs based on

the types of the phrasal verbs. In this step the writer made a table

from the list of the phrasal verbs that were found in the speech. After

conveying the table the writer described the types and the meaning of

phrasal verbs.

CHAPTER IV

DATA ANALYSIS

In this chapter the writer would like to analyse the data presented

as follows:

A. The Types of Phrasal Verbs Which Are Used in The Speech

1. The Data Lists of Phrasal Verbs in The Speech

The table below shows the phrasal verbs which are found in the speech

of Susan Cain “The Power of Introverts”

Table 4.1 Phrasal Verbs Found in The Speech

No Phrasal Verbs Found in The

Speech

Minute

1. went off 00:00

24

2. figure out 01:07

3. go off 01:22

4. Took (my book) out 01:32

5. came up 01:32

6. came up 01:32

7. put (my books) away 01:54

8. calling out 01:54

9. go off 02:19

10. when it comes to 03:07

11. switched on 03:51

12. put (ourselves) in 03:51

13. comes in 04:29

14. comes from 04:29

15. working in 04:54

16. depend on 04:54

17. go off 04:54

18. opposed to 04:54


20. passed over 05:48

21. putting (their stamp) on 05:48

22. turns out 06:36

23. looked at 06:36

25


25. look at 07:54

26. turned down 08:18

27. dreamed up 08:18

28. growing up 08:18

29. look at 09:05

30. going off 09:05

31. bring back 09:05

32. look at 09:54

33. turns out 09:54

34. leave (it) up 10:30

35. go off 10:30

36. come together 10:30

37. talk (them) through 10:30

38. setting up 10:51

39. go off 10:51

40. look at 10:51

41. come to 11:47

42. living in 11:47

43. calling for 12:33

44. come up with 12:33

45. coming together 12:33

26

2. The Analysis of Phrasal Verbs

Here, the writer will analyse the types of phrasal verbs which are

found in the speech of Susan Cain “The Power of Introverts” and the

analysis as follows:

Table 4.2 The Analysis of Phrasal Verbs

No. Phrasal

Verbs

Sentence in The

Speech

Analysis of Phrasal

Verbs

Minute

1 Went off I went off to

summer camp for

the first time

This phrasal verb is

inseparable and

transitive. The object

00:00

46. growing up 13:43

47. come from 14:12

48. taking up 14:32

49. close down 14:32

50. came out 14:32


52. calls for 16:09

53. come together 16:43

54. work on 16:43

55. comes from 16:43

56. go off 17:17

57. take (this thing) out 17:39

58. open up 17:39

27

comes after the particle.

The meaning is go to

somewhere. In this

case, the place is

summer camp.

2 Figure

out

I couldn‟t figure

out for the life of

me


separable and transitive.

The object may come

after the particle or

between verb and the

particle. The meaning is

to understand

something or someone.

In this case it cannot

understand a life of

someone.

01:07

3 Go off I could go off and

read my books


inseparable. The object



somewhere. In this case

the speaker wants to go

to somewhere to read

01:22

28

the books.

4 Took out I took my book

out of my suitcase


separable but also it can

be inseparable. The

object can come after

the particle and

between the verb and

the particle. The

meaning is to remove

something from bag,

pocket, box, etc. In this

case is to remove a

book from the suitcase.

01:32

5 Came up The coolest girl in

the bunk came up

to me and she

asked me




The meaning is to move

towards someone or

something. In this case

is the coolest girl in the

bunk.

01:32

6 Came up The counsellor

came up to me



01:32

29

with a corcerned

expression


The meaning is to move

towards someone or

something. In this case

is the counsellor .

7 Put away And so I put my

books away


separable, and actually

it also can be


may come after the

particle or between the

verb and the particle.

The meaning is to put

something in the place

where it is as usually

kept when is it not

being used. In this case

is the book of the

speaker.

01:54

8 Calling

out

They were calling

out to me and I

was forsaking

them




The meaning is to say

01:54

30

something loudly or

shouting to someone or

something so

everybody can hear it.

In this case is the

speaker‟s friends

9 Go off And I was always

go off to crowded

bars

This particle is





the place is a bar

02:19

10 When it

comes to

Because when it

comes to

creativity and to

leadership, we

need introverts


inseparable and


comes after the particle

and it transitive. The

meaning is used to

introduce the particular

subject that you are

going to talk about or

deal with. In this case

are creativity and

03:07

31

leadership

11 Switched

on

Whereas

introverts feel at

their most alive

and their switched

on and their most

capable….”


separable. The object

can come after the

particle or between the

verb and the particle. It

has non-literal meaning.

Which means that it is

difficult to guess the

meaning. In this case it

is has the same meaning

with spirit, soul

03:51

12 Put in To maximizing

our talents is for

us all to put

ourselves in the

zone of

stimulation



may come after the

particle or between verb

and the particle. The

meaning is to officially

make a request, order,

claim or offer. In this

case it is to put self in

the zone of stimulation

03:51

13 Comes in But now here‟s This phrasal verb is 04:29

32

where the bias

comes in

inseparable. The

meaning is something

arrive, something

in/enter. In this case it

is the bias

14 Comes

from

And all

productivity

comes from a very

oddly gregarious

place




The meaning is to made

or produced in a

particular place

04:29

15 Working

in

Kids are working

in countless group

assignments



come after the particle

or between the verb and

the particle. The

meaning is to add a

substance to another

and mix them together

thoroughly. In this case,

they are kids that work

in a group

04:54

16 Depend Which you think This phrasal verb is 04:54

33

on would depend on

solo flights of

thoughts, kids are

now expected to

act as committee

members



The meaning is to be

influenced or changed

according to particular

conditions

17 Go off The kids who

prefer to go off by

themselves or just

to walk alone





somewhere

04:54

18 Opposed

to

Teachers reports

believing that the

ideal student is an

extroverts as

opposed to an

introverts




04:54

19 When it

comes to

And when it

comes to

leadership




The meaning is used to



05:48

34


deal with.

20 Passed

over

Introverts are

routinely passed

over for

leadership

positions




The meaning is as same

as ignore.

05:48

21 Putting

on

Get so excited

about things that

they‟re putting

their own stamp

on things




The meaning is to put a

mark on something.

05:48

22 Turns

out

And this turns out

to have a special

power all its own,

because people

could feel that

these leaders were

at the helm not

because they

enjoyed directing

others and not out

of the pleasure of


separable transitive.

The meaning is to have

a particular result or if

something turns out to

be true then find that it

is true, although it is

surprising. This phrasal

verb also has the non-

literal meaning because

the meaning is difficult

06:36

35

being looked at,

they were there

because they had

no choice,

because they were

driven to do what

they thought was

right

to be guess.

23 Looked

at

This phrasal is

inseparable and

transitive. The meaning

is being looked to other

people.

06:36

24 When it

comes to

This is especially

important when it

comes to

creativity and

productivity




The meaning is used to




deal with.

07:54

25 Look at When

psychologists look

at the lives of the

most creative

people what they

find are people

who are very




The meaning as same as

observe something in a

correct way.

07:54

36

good at

exchanging and

advancing ideas

26 Turned

down

He took long

walks alone in the

woods and

emphatically

turned down the

dinner party

invitation




The meaning is to

refuse something that

do not want to do.

08:18

27 Dreamed

up

He dreamed up

many of his

amazing creations

in a lonely bell

tower office




The meaning is to think

of a plan or idea.

08:18

28 Growing

up

And he says that

he never would

have become such

an expert in the

first place had he

not been too

introverted to

leave the house


inseparable. The

meaning is someone

who is grow in a place

then live there during

time.

08:18

37

when he was

growing up

29 Look at If you look at

most of the

world's major

religions, you will

find seekers

seekers who are

going off by

themselves alone

to the wilderness,

where

they then have

profound

epiphanies and

revelations that

they then bring

back to the rest of

the community


inseparable and has

non-literal meaning.

The meaning is such

like understand

something.

09:05

30 Going

off


inseparable and


is go to somewhere.

09:05

31 Bring

back




The meaning is start to

have or use law, system

etc. that was used in the

past.

09:05

32 Look at This is no

surprise, though,

if you look at the

insights of




The meaning is

09:54

38

contemporary

psychology

changed. It has non-


the words „look at‟

change into

understanding.

33 Turns

out

It turns out that

we can't even be

in a group of

people without

instinctively

mirroring,

mimicking their

opinions


inseparable transitive.

The literal meaning of

„turns out‟ is changed.

In this case the words

„turns out‟ means

„diverge‟ or something

that cannot be

estimated.

09:54

34 Leave up You might be

following the

person with the

best ideas, but

you might not.

And do you really

want to leave it up

to chance?

Much better for



The meaning of the

phrasal verb is to let

someone decide and be

responsible for

something without

trying to influence

them. In this case the

10:30

39

everybody to go

off by themselves

and then come

together as a team

to talk them

through in a well-

managed

environment

meaning can be change

as same as „give up‟ or

„leave‟ to something.

35 Go off This phrasal verb is

inseparable the object


The meaning of this

phrasal verb is to go to


the meaning is changed

become everybody

deserve to walk with

their own ability and

consideration.

10:30

36 Come

together


inseparable and

intransitive. This

phrasal verb has literal

meaning. The meaning

of the phrasal verb

„come together‟ is to

join together in order to

do something.

10:30

40

37 Talk

through



comes between the verb

and the particle. The

meaning does not

change. The meaning of

this phrasal verb in this

sentence is to talk

slowly to someone.

10:30

38 Setting

up

Why are we

setting up our

schools this way,

and our

workplaces?


inseparable and


of this phrasal verb is to

make an arrangements

of something., It almost

has the same meaning

with the basic word

„setting‟.

10:51

39 Go off And why are we

making these

introverts feel so

guilty about

wanting to just go


inseparable and


of the word „go off‟ is

go to somewhere. In

10:51

41

off by themselves

some of the time?

this case the meaning

has been changed into

being yourself.

40 Look at And if you look at

the self-help

books from this

era, they all had

titles with things

like "Character

the Grandest

Thing in the

World


inseparable and


of the words „look at‟ is

to look something or

see anything. In this

case the meaning has

been changed into to

read something.

10:51

41 Come to So, quite

understandably,

qualities like

magnetism and

charisma

suddenly come to

seem really

important


inseparable and

intransitive. The words

„come to‟ has the same

meaning with

„become‟. Those words

such like quite

understandably,

magnetism and

charisma maybe in the

past they not seem

11:47

42

really important but

now they seem really

important.

42 Living in So that's the

world we're living

in today


inseparable and

intransitive. It can be

easily to guess the

meaning of this phrasal

verb. In this case, the

meaning as same as

with the literal meaning

of „living‟ or stay in

somewhere.

11:47

43 Calling

for

Now none of this

is to say that

social skills are

unimportant, and

I'm also not

calling for the

abolishing of

teamwork at all


inseparable and

transitive. The phrasal

verb „calling for‟ has

meaning require. It is

far from the basic

meaning of word „call‟

at all. In this case, the

meaning has been

changed.

12:33

43

44 Come up

with

they are to come

up with their own

unique solutions

to these problems


inseparable and



The meaning of this

phrasal verb is to think

of an idea, plan,

solution, etc. It is far

from the basic meaning

of word „come‟ so the

meaning has been

changed, and it has

non-literal meaning.

Which means that

difficult to guess the

meaning.

12:33

45 Coming

together

we are going to

need armies of

people coming

together to solve

them working

together


inseparable and

intransitive. The

meaning can be guess.

The meaning of this

phrasal verb is join

together to do

12:33

44

something in a group of

people.

46 Growing

up

my favorite place

in the world when

I was growing up


inseparable and

intransitive. The


verb is someone who is

grow in a place then

live there during time.

The meaning of phrasal

verb can be guess

easily.

13:43

47 Come

from

people would

come from all

over to hear him

speak


inseparable intransitive.

The meaning is to come

in particular place.

14:12

48 Taking

up

he would often

end the

conversation

prematurely for

fear that he was

taking up too

much of your time


separable. The meaning

is to use a particular

amount of time.

14:32

45

49 Close

down

But when he died

at the age of 94,

the police had to

close down the

streets of his

neighborhood to

accommodate the

crowd of people

who came out to

mourn him



can come after the

particle or it can come

between verb and

particle. The meaning is

to close something such

like street, factory, ect.

14:32

50 Came

out


inseparable and

intransitive. The


verb is to come in

particular place which

something happen

there.

14:32

51 When it

comes to

But I'll tell you,

what helps even

more is my sense,

my belief, my

hope that when it

comes to our

attitudes to


inseparable and


of phrasal verb is used

to introduce the

particular subject that

are going to talk about

16:09

46

introversion and

to quiet and to

solitude, we truly

are poised on the

brink on dramatic

change

or deal with. This

phrasal verb is usually

spoken. Which means

that when someone

gives a speech or when

someone talk to

someone else.

52 Calls for I am going to

leave you now

with three calls

for action for

those who share

this vision


inseparable and


of this phrasal verb is if

something call a

particular ability,

quality, or action that is

what is needs or

deserve.

16:09

53 Come

together

And I want to be

clear about what

I'm saying,

because I deeply

believe our

offices should be

encouraging


inseparable and

intransitive. The


verb is as same as with

the basic word „come‟.

Which means that the

16:43

47

casual, chatty

cafe-style types of

interactions -- you

know, the kind

where people

come together and

serendipitously

have an exchange

of ideas

people come and join

together to discuss or

just talk each other.

54 Work on They need to

work on their own

because that is

where deep

thought comes

from in part


inseparable and



work in order to

produce or achieve

something. The

meaning can be guess

easily because the

phrasal verb has the

same meaning with the

basic word „work‟.

16:43

55 Comes

from


inseparable and

16:43

48



made or produced in a

particular place.

56 Go off we all have to

now go off and

build our own

cabins in the

woods and never

talk to each other

again


inseparable. It has

literal meaning or not

too difficult to guess the

meaning because the

phrasal verb has the

same meaning with the

basic word „go‟. The


verb is to go to

somewhere.

17:17

57 Take out I hope you take

these things out

every chance you

get and grace us

with your energy

and your joy



The meaning of this

phrasal verb is to take

something or face

something.

17:39

58 Open up I hope you will

open up your



17:39

49

suitcases for other

people to see,

The meaning of this

phrasal verb is to open

something that is

closed, locked or

covered. It also has


it is easy to guess the

meaning. This phrasal

verb has the same

meaning with the basic

word „open‟.

B. The Kinds of Phrasal Verbs Found in The Speech

From the analysis above, the writer has analysed the types of

phrasal verbs which are found in the speech of Susan Cain: “The Power of

Introverts”. In this speech, the writer found 58 of phrasal verbs. There are

17 separable phrasal verbs and 41 inseparable phrasal verbs with 1 phrasal

verb that has two particles. So, it can be said that in the Speech of Susan

Cain: “The Power of Introverts” in Edition on March, 2012 mostly use

phrasal verb with inseparable type.

50

CHAPTER V

CLOSURE

A. Conclusion

After analysing the phrasal verbs in the Speech of Susan Cain “The

Power of Introverts” the writer concludes:

51

1. The Speech of Susan Cain “The Power of Introverts” consists of

phrasal verbs. They are inseparable phrasal verbs and separable phrasal

verbs.

2. There are:

a. 41 inseparable phrasal verbs such as go off, look after, look at,

come from, call out, come from, come in, come to, grow up, come

together, come up, depend on, oppose to, pass over, bring back, set

up, live in, fall for, call for, work on, etc.

b. 17 separable phrasal verbs such as put away, put in, leave up, talk

through, turn down, turn out, put on, work in, switch on, take out,

close down, take up, figure out, dream up, open up, etc.

3. The dominant phrasal verbs used in the Speech of Susan Cain “The

Power of Introverts” in edition on March, 2012 are inseparable phrasal

verbs.

B. Suggestion

After the writer identified and analysed phrasal verbs in the Speech

of Susan Cain “The Power of Introverts”, the writer suggests to:

1. Teachers

From this research, the writer hopes that the other teachers can get

additional knowledge about phrasal verb.

2. Students

52

a. The students can gain more knowledge about phrasal verb by

reading this research.

b. They know about the definition and the types of phrasal verbs.

c. Students can study about phrasal verb in the speech.

3. The Institution of English Department

English department can use the findings of this paper to enrich the

reference deals with phrasal verbs.

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APPENDIXES

The Transcript Speech of “The Power of Introverts” by Susan Cain

00:00

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When I was nine years old, I went off to summer camp for the first time. And my

mother packed me a suitcase full of books, which to me seemed like a perfectly

natural thing to do. Because in my family, reading was the primary group activity.

And this might sound antisocial to you, but for us it was really just a different way

of being social. You have the animal warmth of your family sitting right next to

you, but you are also free to go roaming around the adventure land inside your

own mind. And I had this idea that camp was going to be just like this, but better.

00:32

(Laughter)

00:35

I had a vision of 10 girls sitting in a cabin cozily reading books in their matching

nightgowns.

00:40

(Laughter)

00:42

Camp was more like a keg party without any alcohol. And on the very first day,

our counselor gathered us all together and she taught us a cheer that she said we

would be doing every day for the rest of the summer to instill camp spirit. And it

went like this: "R-O-W-D-I-E, that's the way we spell rowdie. Rowdie, rowdie,

let's get rowdie."

01:05

(Laughter)

01:07

Yeah. So I couldn't figure out for the life of me why we were supposed to be so

rowdy, or why we had to spell this word incorrectly.

01:16

(Laughter)

01:22

But I recited a cheer. I recited a cheer along with everybody else. I did my best.

And I just waited for the time that I could go off and read my books.

01:32

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But the first time that I took my book out of my suitcase, the coolest girl in the

bunk came up to me and she asked me, "Why are you being so mellow?" --

mellow, of course, being the exact opposite of R-O-W-D-I-E. And then the

second time I tried it, the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression

on her face and she repeated the point about camp spirit and said we should all

work very hard to be outgoing.

01:54

And so I put my books away, back in their suitcase, and I put them under my bed,

and there they stayed for the rest of the summer. And I felt kind of guilty about

this. I felt as if the books needed me somehow, and they were calling out to me

and I was forsaking them. But I did forsake them and I didn't open that suitcase

again until I was back home with my family at the end of the summer.

02:19

Now, I tell you this story about summer camp. I could have told you 50 others just

like it -- all the times that I got the message that somehow my quiet and

introverted style of being was not necessarily the right way to go, that I should be

trying to pass as more of an extrovert. And I always sensed deep down that this

was wrong and that introverts were pretty excellent just as they were. But for

years I denied this intuition, and so I became a Wall Street lawyer, of all things,

instead of the writer that I had always longed to be -- partly because I needed to

prove to myself that I could be bold and assertive too. And I was always going off

to crowded bars when I really would have preferred to just have a nice dinner with

friends. And I made these self-negating choices so reflexively, that I wasn't even

aware that I was making them.

03:07

Now this is what many introverts do, and it's our loss for sure, but it is also our

colleagues' loss and our communities' loss. And at the risk of sounding grandiose,

it is the world's loss. Because when it comes to creativity and to leadership, we

need introverts doing what they do best. A third to a half of the population are

introverts -- a third to a half. So that's one out of every two or three people you

know. So even if you're an extrovert yourself, I'm talking about your coworkers

and your spouses and your children and the person sitting next to you right now --

all of them subject to this bias that is pretty deep and real in our society. We all

internalize it from a very early age without even having a language for what we're

doing.

03:51

Now, to see the bias clearly, you need to understand what introversion is. It's

different from being shy. Shyness is about fear of social judsocial judgment.

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Introversion is more about, how do you respond to stimulation, including social

stimulation. So extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation, whereas

introverts feel at their most alive and their most switched-on and their most

capable when they're in quieter, more low-key environments. Not all the time --

these things aren't absolute -- but a lot of the time. So the key then to maximizing

our talents is for us all to put ourselves in the zone of stimulation that is right for

us.

04:29

But now here's where the bias comes in. Our most important institutions, our

schools and our workplaces, they are designed mostly for extroverts and for

extroverts' need for lots of stimulation. And also we have this belief system right

now that I call the new groupthink, which holds that all creativity and all

productivity comes from a very oddly gregarious place.

04:54

So if you picture the typical classroom nowadays: When I was going to school,

we sat in rows. We sat in rows of desks like this, and we did most of our work

pretty autonomously. But nowadays, your typical classroom has pods of desks --

four or five or six or seven kids all facing each other. And kids are working in

countless group assignments. Even in subjects like math and creative writing,

which you think would depend on solo flights of thought, kids are now expected

to act as committee members. And for the kids who prefer to go off by themselves

or just to work alone, those kids are seen as outliers often or, worse, as problem

cases. And the vast majority of teachers reports believing that the ideal student is

an extrovert as opposed to an introvert, even though introverts actually get better

grades and are more knowledgeable, according to research.

05:46

(Laughter)

05:48

Okay, same thing is true in our workplaces. Now, most of us work in open plan

offices, without walls, where we are subject to the constant noise and gaze of our

coworkers. And when it comes to leadership, introverts are routinely passed over

for leadership positions, even though introverts tend to be very careful, much less

likely to take outsize risks -- which is something we might all favor nowadays.

And interesting research by Adam Grant at the Wharton School has found that

introverted leaders often deliver better outcomes than extroverts do, because when

they are managing proactive employees, they're much more likely to let those

employees run with their ideas, whereas an extrovert can, quite unwittingly, get so

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excited about things that they're putting their own stamp on things, and other

people's ideas might not as easily then bubble up to the surface.

06:36

Now in fact, some of our transformative leaders in history have been introverts.

I'll give you some examples. Eleanor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, Gandhi -- all these

peopled described themselves as quiet and soft-spoken and even shy. And they all

took the spotlight, even though every bone in their bodies was telling them not to.

And this turns out to have a special power all its own, because people could feel

that these leaders were at the helm not because they enjoyed directing others and

not out of the pleasure of being looked at; they were there because they had no

choice, because they were driven to do what they thought was right.

07:11

Now I think at this point it's important for me to say that I actually love extroverts.

I always like to say some of my best friends are extroverts, including my beloved

husband. And we all fall at different points, of course, along the

introvert/extrovert spectrum. Even Carl Jung, the psychologist who first

popularized these terms, said that there's no such thing as a pure introvert or a

pure extrovert. He said that such a man would be in a lunatic asylum, if he existed

at all. And some people fall smack in the middle of the introvert/extrovert

spectrum, and we call these people ambiverts. And I often think that they have the

best of all worlds. But many of us do recognize ourselves as one type or the other.

07:54

And what I'm saying is that culturally, we need a much better balance. We need

more of a yin and yang between these two types. This is especially important

when it comes to creativity and to productivity, because when psychologists look

at the lives of the most creative people, what they find are people who are very

good at exchanging ideas and advancing ideas, but who also have a serious streak

of introversion in them.

08:18

And this is because solitude is a crucial ingredient often to creativity. So Darwin,

he took long walks alone in the woods and emphatically turned down dinner-party

invitations. Theodor Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss, he dreamed up many of

his amazing creations in a lonely bell tower office that he had in the back of his

house in La Jolla, California. And he was actually afraid to meet the young

children who read his books for fear that they were expecting him this kind of

jolly Santa Claus-like figure and would be disappointed with his more reserved

persona. Steve Wozniak invented the first Apple computer sitting alone in his

cubicle in Hewlett-Packard where he was working at the time. And he says that he

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never would have become such an expert in the first place had he not been too

introverted to leave the house when he was growing up.

09:05

Now, of course, this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating -- and

case in point, is Steve Wozniak famously coming together with Steve Jobs to start

Apple Computer -- but it does mean that solitude matters and that for some people

it is the air that they breathe. And in fact, we have known for centuries about the

transcendent power of solitude. It's only recently that we've strangely begun to

forget it. If you look at most of the world's major religions, you will find seekers -

- Moses, Jesus, Buddha, Muhammad -- seekers who are going off by themselves

alone to the wilderness, where they then have profound epiphanies and revelations

that they then bring back to the rest of the community. So, no wilderness, no

revelations.

09:54

This is no surprise, though, if you look at the insights of contemporary

psychology. It turns out that we can't even be in a group of people without

instinctively mirroring, mimicking their opinions. Even about seemingly personal

and visceral things like who you're attracted to, you will start aping the beliefs of

the people around you without even realizing that that's what you're doing.

10:14

And groups famously follow the opinions of the most dominant or charismatic

person in the room, even though there's zero correlation between being the best

talker and having the best ideas -- I mean zero. So --

10:28

(Laughter)

10:30

You might be following the person with the best ideas, but you might not. And do

you really want to leave it up to chance? Much better for everybody to go off by

themselves, generate their own ideas freed from the distortions of group

dynamics, and then come together as a team to talk them through in a well-

managed environment and take it from there.

10:51

Now if all this is true, then why are we getting it so wrong? Why are we setting up

our schools this way, and our workplaces? And why are we making these

introverts feel so guilty about wanting to just go off by themselves some of the

time? One answer lies deep in our cultural history. Western societies, and in

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particular the U.S., have always favored the man of action over the "man" of

contemplation. But in America's early days, we lived in what historians call a

culture of character, where we still, at that point, valued people for their inner

selves and their moral rectitude. And if you look at the self-help books from this

era, they all had titles with things like "Character, the Grandest Thing in the

World." And they featured role models like Abraham Lincoln, who was praised

for being modest and unassuming. Ralph Waldo Emerson called him "A man who

does not offend by superiority."

11:47

But then we hit the 20th century, and we entered a new culture that historians call

the culture of personality. What happened is we had evolved an agricultural

economy to a world of big business. And so suddenly people are moving from

small towns to the cities. And instead of working alongside people they've known

all their lives, now they are having to prove themselves in a crowd of strangers.

So, quite understandably, qualities like magnetism and charisma suddenly come to

seem really important. And sure enough, the self-help books change to meet these

new needs and they start to have names like "How to Win Friends and Influence

People." And they feature as their role models really great salesmen. So that's the

world we're living in today. That's our cultural inheritance.

12:33

Now none of this is to say that social skills are unimportant, and I'm also not

calling for the abolishing of teamwork at all. The same religions who send their

sages off to lonely mountain tops also teach us love and trust. And the problems

that we are facing today in fields like science and in economics are so vast and so

complex that we are going to need armies of people coming together to solve

them working together. But I am saying that the more freedom that we give

introverts to be themselves, the more likely that they are to come up with their

own unique solutions to these problems.

13:09

So now I'd like to share with you what's in my suitcase today. Guess what? Books.

I have a suitcase full of books. Here's Margaret Atwood, "Cat's Eye." Here's a

novel by Milan Kundera. And here's "The Guide for the Perplexed" by

Maimonides. But these are not exactly my books. I brought these books with me

because they were written by my grandfather's favorite authors.

13:43

My grandfather was a rabbi and he was a widower who lived alone in a small

apartment in Brooklyn that was my favorite place in the world when I was

growing up, partly because it was filled with his very gentle, very courtly

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presence and partly because it was filled with books. I mean literally every table,

every chair in this apartment had yielded its original function to now serve as a

surface for swaying stacks of books. Just like the rest of my family, my

grandfather's favorite thing to do in the whole world was to read.

14:12

But he also loved his congregation, and you could feel this love in the sermons

that he gave every week for the 62 years that he was a rabbi. He would take the

fruits of each week's reading and he would weave these intricate tapestries of

ancient and humanist thought. And people would come from all over to hear him

speak

14:32

But here's the thing about my grandfather. Underneath this ceremonial role, he

was really modest and really introverted -- so much so that when he delivered

these sermons, he had trouble making eye contact with the very same

congregation that he had been speaking to for 62 years. And even away from the

podium, when you called him to say hello, he would often end the conversation

prematurely for fear that he was taking up too much of your time. But when he

died at the age of 94, the police had to close down the streets of his neighborhood

to accommodate the crowd of people who came out to mourn him. And so these

days I try to learn from my grandfather's example in my own way.

15:16

So I just published a book about introversion, and it took me about seven years to

write. And for me, that seven years was like total bliss, because I was reading, I

was writing, I was thinking, I was researching. It was my version of my

grandfather's hours of the day alone in his library. But now all of a sudden my job

is very different, and my job is to be out here talking about it, talking about

introversion.

15:43

(Laughter)

15:47

And that's a lot harder for me, because as honored as I am to be here with all of

you right now, this is not my natural milieu.

15:56

So I prepared for moments like these as best I could. I spent the last year

practicing public speaking every chance I could get. And I call this my "year of

speaking dangerously."

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16:07

(Laughter)

16:09

And that actually helped a lot. But I'll tell you, what helps even more is my sense,

my belief, my hope that when it comes to our attitudes to introversion and to quiet

and to solitude, we truly are poised on the brink on dramatic change. I mean, we

are. And so I am going to leave you now with three calls for action for those who

share this vision.

16:30

Number one: Stop the madness for constant group work. Just stop it.

16:36

(Laughter)

16:39

Thank you.

16:41

(Applause)

16:43

And I want to be clear about what I'm saying, because I deeply believe our offices

should be encouraging casual, chatty cafe-style types of interactions -- you know,

the kind where people come together and serendipitously have an exchange of

ideas. That is great. It's great for introverts and it's great for extroverts. But we

need much more privacy and much more freedom and much more autonomy at

work. School, same thing. We need to be teaching kids to work together, for sure,

but we also need to be teaching them how to work on their own. This is especially

important for extroverted children too. They need to work on their own because

that is where deep thought comes from in part.

17:17

Okay, number two: Go to the wilderness. Be like Buddha, have your own

revelations. I'm not saying that we all have to now go off and build our own

cabins in the woods and never talk to each other again, but I am saying that we

could all stand to unplug and get inside our own heads a little more often.

17:39

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Number three: Take a good look at what's inside your own suitcase and why you

put it there. So extroverts, maybe your suitcases are also full of books. Or maybe

they're full of champagne glasses or skydiving equipment. Whatever it is, I hope

you take these things out every chance you get and grace us with your energy and

your joy. But introverts, you being you, you probably have the impulse to guard

very carefully what's inside your own suitcase. And that's okay. But occasionally,

just occasionally, I hope you will open up your suitcases for other people to see,

because the world needs you and it needs the things you carry.

18:21

So I wish you the best of all possible journeys and the courage to speak softly.

18:26

Thank you very much.

18:28

(Applause)

18:32

Thank you. Thank you.

18:35

(Applause)

Source: www.TED.com on August, 15 2018 at 12.37 p.m.

http://www.ted.com/

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Curriculum Vitae

Name : Anglila Wikasitakusumaning Ahayu

Place of Birth : Salatiga

Date of Birth : November, 29th

1996

Address : Susukan, Semarang Regency

Gender : Female

Religion : Islam

Education : 2000 – 2002 : Kindergarten Bustanul Atfal of Susukan

: 2002 – 2008 : Elementary School 01 of Susukan

: 2008 – 2011 : Islamic Junior High School of Susukan

: 2011 – 2014 : State Vocational High School 01 of Boyolali

: 2014 – 2018 : State Institute of Islamic Studies Salatiga

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