ANAESTHESIA…

INTRO..

•Anaesthesia enables the painless performance

of medical procedures that would not cause

severe or intolerable pain to an anaesthetized

patient.

•Three broad categories of anaesthesia exist:

1.General anesthesia

2.Sedation

3.Conduction anesthesia

CONTD.,

•General anaesthesia suppresses central nervous

system activity

•Sedation (or dissociative anaesthesia) a state of

calm or sleep produced by a sedative drug.

•Conduction anaesthesia, commonly known as

regional or local anaesthesia, blocks

transmission of nerve impulses to a targeted

organ

CONSIDERATIONS…

•Anesthetic Concentration Control

•Build Up Of Carbon Dioxide

•Consumption Of Oxygen

•Atmospheric Pollution

•Airway Control

Inhaled Anesthetic Delivery Systems

•Anesthesia Machine

•Vaporizers

•Anesthetic Breathing Circuit

•Ventilator

•Scavenging System

ANAESTHETIC MACHINE

ANAESTHETIC MACHINE

The anaesthetic machine is not a machine that

makes anaesthetics, but a complex collection of

equipment.

Continuous-flow Machine

Anaesthetic Vaporizers

Oxygen Mask

Suction Catheter

Syringe

Continuous-flow machine

• It is used to provide a measured and continuous

supply of gases (oxygen, nitrous oxide,etc..)

•The above mentioned gases are mixed with a

required concentration of anaesthetic vapour to

the patient at a required pressure and rate.

Anaesthetic vaporizers

It is used to vaporise the anaesthetic drugs

To provide a means for anesthetic vapor to be

combined with the carrier gas in a controlled

manner.

OXYGEN MASK

It is used to deliver oxygen or to administer

the aerosolized or gaseous drugs.

SUCTION CATHETER

•Suction catheters used to remove secretions

from the mouth, oropharynx, trachea and

bronchi.

syringe

Syringe is used to inject drugs; larger ones can

be used with mucus suckers.

ANAESTHESIA MACHINE

• It has three major components:

1.A gas mixing and delivery system.

2. An anaesthetic breathing system ( circuit) and

a ventilator.

3.An array of monitors.

CONTD.,

The gas mixing and delivery system:

•The anaesthetic machine is connected to a supply of purified gases.

•These gases usually include oxygen and nitrous oxide, and many machines also have a supply of compressed air.

•To this gas mixture, the anaesthetist can add one of a range of additional, more powerful anaesthetic agents, known as inhalational agents.

CONTD.,

The anaesthetic breathing system (circuit) and

ventilator

•The anaesthetist determines the flow rate of the

final mixture of gases supplied to the breathing

system.

•The ventilator is an automatic breathing device,

which takes over the rhythmic inflating and

deflating of the patient’s lungs in a programmed

manner.

MONITORS

•Capnometer

•Oxygen Analyzer

•Pressure Monitor With Alarms For High And Low Airway Pressure

•Pulse Oximeter

•Respiratory Volume Monitor (i.e., Spirometer)

BREATHING SYSTEM

Calibrate the O2 Monitor

•Ensure the monitor reads 21% in room air.

•Verify that the low O2 alarm is enabled and

functioning.

SCAVENGING SYSTEMS

•The collection and the subsequent removal of

vented gases from the operating room

•Components

(1) the gas-collecting assembly

(2) the transfer means

(3) the scavenging interface

(4) the gas-disposal assembly tubing

(5) an active or passive gas-disposal assembly

CONCLUSION

They should also be checked in between cases,

ensuring that the breathing apparatus and

breathing circuit are fully patent, for the safe

anesthesia of patients.

Major manufacturers of anesthetic machines

are General Electric (GE), Larsen & Toubro

Limited, Draeger and MAQUET.