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9 NORWAY

Hockey and its history

INDEX

ContenidoINTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................3

GAMEPLAY.........................................................................................................................................4

HISTORY.............................................................................................................................................6

Ice Rink............................................................................................................................................7

Goalie Mask...................................................................................................................................7

Puck..................................................................................................................................................7

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INTRODUCTION

Ice hockey is a team sport played on ice, in which skaters use wooden or composite sticks to shoot a hard rubber hockey puck into their opponent's net to score points. In the United States and Canada, where the sport is very popular, it is known simply as "hockey"; however, the name ice hockey is used by their own governing body (IIHF) and in most other countries. There the word hockey is generally reserved for another form of the sport, such as field hockey or roller hockey. The game is played between two teams with six players (five skaters and a goalie) on the ice. A team usually consists of four lines of three forwards, three pairs of defensemen, and two goalies. Five members of each team skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team. Each team has a goaltender who tries to stop the puck from going into the goal or "net."

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GAMEPLAY

Hockey is an "offside" game, meaning that forward passes are allowed, unlike in rugby. Before the 1930s hockey was an onside game, meaning that only backward passes were allowed. Those rules favored individual stick-handling as a key means of driving the puck forward. With the arrival of offside rules, the forward pass transformed hockey into a truly team sport, where individual performance diminished in importance relative to team play, which could now be coordinated over the entire surface of the ice as opposed to merely rearward players.

Equipment

Since ice hockey is a full contact sport and body checks are

allowed, injuries are a common occurrence. Protective equipment is

mandatory and is enforced in all competitive situations. This includes a

helmet (cage worn if certain age), shoulder pads, elbow pads, mouth

guard, protective gloves, heavily padded shorts (also known as hockey

pants), athletic cup(also known as a jock; for males and jill;for females),

shin pads, skates, and (optionally) a neck protector. In addition,

goaltenders use different gear, a neck guard, chest/arm protector,

blocker, catch glove, and leg pads.

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Penalties

For most penalties, the offending player is sent to the "penalty box" and

his team has to play without him for a short amount of

time. Minor penalties last for two minutes, major penalties last for five

minutes, and a double minor penalty is two consecutive penalties of two

minutes duration. A single Minor penalty may be extended by a further

two minutes for causing visible injury to the victimized player. This is

usually when blood is drawn during high sticking. The team that has

been given a penalty is said to be playing shorthanded while the

opposing team is on a power play.

Ice hockey rules

The majority of ice hockey around the world is played under the

umbrella of three organizations, Hockey Canada, USA Hockey, and

the International Ice Hockey Federation, each with their own set of rules.

Hockey Canada and USA Hockey rulebooks are used in most amateur

hockey in North America, and the IIHF rulebook is used in both amateur

and professional leagues.

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HISTORY

There are many examples of games throughout history incorporating hitting a ball on an ice-covered surface which predate hockey. IJscolf, a game resembling colf on an ice-covered surface, was popular in the Low Countries between the Middle Ages and the Dutch Golden Age. It was played with a wooden curved bat (called a colf or kolf), a wooden or eather ball and two poles (or nearby landmarks), with the objective to hit the chosen point using the least number of strokes. A similar game (knattleikr) had been played for a thousand years or more by the Vikings, as documented in the Icelandic sagas.

However, modern hockey is believed to have evolved from outdoor stick-and-ball games adapted to the icy conditions of Canada during the 19th century.[citation needed] The games of British soldiers and immigrants to Canada (influenced by First Nations stick-and-ball games) may have influenced the game played on ice skates (often with a puck) with sticks made by the Mi'kmaq people of Nova Scotia. Another theory is that the game was introduced by Icelandic immigrants adapting the game of knattleikr. These immigrants moved to Canada and the U.S. after the eruption of a volcano in Iceland in 1875. Immigrants from Iceland played for Canada, winning the first Olympic medal in hockey.

These games provided recreation for British soldiers. Canadian oral histories describe a traditional stick-and-ball game played by the Mi'kmaq in eastern Canada, and Silas Tertius Rand (in his 1894 Legends of the Micmacs) describes a Mi'kmaq ball game known as tooadijik. Rand also describes a game played (probably after European contact) with hurleys, known as wolchamaadijik.

The origin of ice hockey is unknown, however, ice hockey probaly evolved from the game of field hockey that has been played in Northern Europe for centuries.

The rules of modern ice hockey were devised by Canadian J G A Creighton. In 1875, the first game of ice hockey with Creighton's rules was played in Montreal, Canada.

Today, Ice hockey is an Olympic sport and the most popular team sport played on ice. Ice hockey is played with two opposing teams wearing ice

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skates. Unless there is a penalty, each team only has six players on the ice rink at a time. The aim of the game is to knock the hockey puck into the opposing team's net. The net is guarded by a special player called the goalie.

Ice Rink

The first artificial ice rink (mechanically-refrigerated) was built in 1876, at Chelsea, London, England and was named the Glaciarium. It was built near the King's Road in London by John Gamgee. Today, modern ice rinks are kept clean and smooth by the use of machine called the Zamboni.

Goalie Mask

Fibreglass Canada worked with Canadiens Goalie Jaques Plante to develop the first-ever hockey goalie mask in 1960.

Puck

The puck is a vulcanized rubber disk.

CHARACTERISTICS

Ice hockey

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Is a team sport played on ice, in which skaters use wooden or  composite sticks to  shoot   a hard rubber  hockey puck (hockey puck is composed of vulcanized hard rubber) into their opponent's net to score points. In the United States and Canada, where the sport is very popular, it is known simply as "hockey"; however, the name ice hockey is used by their own governing body(IIHF)and in most other countries.

 Where the game enjoys immense popularity. The first organized game was played on March 3, 1875, in Montreal, Canada.

Field hockey

commonly known as hockey, is a team sport which is played between two teams of eleven players with hockey sticks and a ball, it is known as one of the easiest sports there is. At the turn of the 21st century, the game is played globally, with particular popularity throughout Europe, Asia, Oceania, and South America.

While field players play the ball with the flat side of their stick. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match, wins. If the score is tied at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout, depending on the competition's format

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FAMOUS PLAYERS

Top 10 Greatest Hockey Players of All-Time

10. Mark Messier

Second in the NHL for most career games and points. He played under Gretzky's shadow in Edmonton where he won five Stanley Cups and then went to the New York Rangers where he won their first Stanley Cup in 50 years after he personally guaranteed the Rangers would a game over the New Jersey Devils. What makes Messier truly great is not his toughness or point scoring but his leadership which is recognized as the greatest leader of all-time.

9. Scott Stevens

Scott Stevens was a big part of the trap defense of the 1990's. His toughness and solid defensive play won the devils three cups in a 30 team NHL is less than 10 years.  Stevens is the league's greatest body checker of all-time who like Richard scared opponents with his eyes alone. He finally won his award in 2003 when he won the Conn Smythe for winning his third Stanley Cup for the devils.

8. Guy Lafleur

Guy Lafleur was part of the 1970's Canadiens which is considered one of the most dominant dynasties of all-time. In 1976-77 they lost only 8 out of 80 games. Lafleur is the first player to score 50 goals and 100 points in six straight seasons.

7. Doug Harvey

The most consistent defenseman in the NHL ever. Bobby

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Orr broke most of his records but Harvey played 18 seasons and was an instrumental part of the Canadiens 1950's Stanley Cup wins.

6. Dominik Hasek

No goalie intimidated NHL goal scorers than Hasek. He brought his GAA to under 2 a game, and his unorthodox style changed goaltending in the NHL. Stand-up goalies soon became obsolete as Hasek's butterfly style made it near impossible for teams to score on him. His greatest moment was the 1998 Olympics where he stopped all five Canadian shooters in the shootout.

5. Gordie Howe

No player has played in more games. Gordie Howe played till he was 52 with skill, toughness, and surpassed endurance. Mr. Hockey is third in the league for points and the term the "Gordie Howe" Hat Trick for a goal, an assist, and a fight is still used to recognize the impact he made on the game.

4. Maurice "The Rocket" Richard

The first player to score 50 goals in 50 games is considered the greatest goal scorer in NHL history. Richard will always be known as the greatest Canadiens player of all-time for his 544 goals and Five Stanley Cup rings.

3. Bobby Orr

The league's first offensive defenseman. Orr brought a new offensive element to the game when as a defenseman he won the Art Ross trophy and made the offensive defenseman a vital part of the game. His career with cut short by a knee injury but in his short career no other defenseman was as dominant.

2. Mario Lemieux

The NHL's most lethal goal and point scorer on a per game basis. He has been called the greatest player of all-time by Scotty Bowman, the NHL coach with the most wins, and

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has one two Stanley Cups and was the MVP of both wins. He arrived as a superstar play at 1987 Canada Cup where he scored the game winner. Unlike Gretzky he didn't play for a dominant team and most of his career he's been plagued by a bad back and cancer. But kept coming back and he is still playing in the NHL at 39.

 1. Wayne Gretzky

Over 61 NHL records, 4 Stanley Cups, and two time Canada Cup MVP. Wayne Gretzky shattered most of the league's offensive records and was part of two of the greatest NHL teams ever assembled. The Edmonton Oilers of the 1980's and the 1987 Team Canada team. The holder of the records most goals, assists, and points for both the regular season and the playoffs made the pass an essential part of the game. There will never be a greater stickhandler and in his prime Gretzky goal make any linemate a consistent goal scorer.

Reference Sources

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey http://inventors.about.com/od/istartinventions/a/Ice_Hockey.htm http://www.canadaka.net/content/page/111-top-10-greatest-

hockey-players-of-alltime

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Personal Opinion

The hockey is not easy but at the same time is fun and entertainment to see and play it. To play it you ought to know how run, walk and jump, etc. in ice.

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