An to the JSE its in the - Johannesburg Stock Exchange - … books, and to invest in infrastructure,...
Transcript of An to the JSE its in the - Johannesburg Stock Exchange - … books, and to invest in infrastructure,...
An introduction to the JSE & its role in the economyMonica Ambrosi
Companies, government and the broader economy (you and I) benefit
Stock exchanges facilitate access to capital
Access to capital key for economic growth
The gear that counts…
The JSE makes it…
Easier
Cheaper
Less risky
The importance of finance to economic growth
A company in any sector needs three elements to grow.
Government also needs capital to balance the national books, and to invest in infrastructure, schools, hospitals and other public services.
Companies
Materials
Workforce
Capital
All sectors have one thing in
common: their need for capital
Agriculture
Manufact‐uring
Wholesale and retail trade
ICTTransport
Tourism
Extractive industries
The role of financial markets
In return for capital, they provide assets like shares or bonds.
Investors trade capital in return for assets like shares or bonds.
Buyers of capital include individuals, companies and governments.
Sellers of capital include individuals, companies, governments, pension funds, investment banks, and insurance companies.
Buyers of capital = ‘borrowers’, ‘issuers’ or ‘investees’.Sellers of capital = ‘investors’, ‘savers’ or ‘lenders’.
SellersBuyers
• Allow those who need capital (sellers of assets) to raise it. Markets pool the capital from lenders into one place and help to efficiently allocate the capital to borrowers.
• Allow sellers of capital (those with excess capital) to invest in financial assets. Financial markets offer a range of products with different rates of return, risk profiles and investment terms to allow savers a broad range of wealth creation options.
• Allow both sellers and buyers to manage the risk of changing prices. These risks arise due to changes in the inherent value of assets, as well as external factors such as the domestic and international economic conditions, fluctuations in exchange rates, and political unrest, amongst other things.
Transact
Financial markets: components
Financial markets
Capital markets
Equity markets Bond markets
Money markets Derivatives markets
Long‐term finance for capital investments & expansion projects
Derive value from other assets –equities, bonds, currencies etc.
Short‐term finance – from 1 day to 1 year (mostly 3 months)
Stocks/shares:• Provide part
ownership of company
• Can pay dividends
Bonds:• Promise by
government or company to repay borrowed money with interest
Derivatives:• Contract to buy
or sell an asset in the future at a price agreed & fixed now
• Types: equity; interest rate; commodity; currency; etc.
From small beginnings…
2012200920062004200320022001199619631887
JSE established
Member of World Federation of Exchanges
SAFEX acquired by the exchange
JSE adopts London Stock Exchange's trading technology
Alt‐X launched with The dti
SRI Index launched
JSE Ltd lists on the Main Board
Bond market incorporated into the exchange
The World Federation of Exchanges is an association of 58 publicly regulated exchanges
Open outcry floor replaced with automated trading system
1978 2002
New equity trading platform
2014
The gold rush
The exchange value chain
LISTING
TRADING
CLEARING
SETTLEMENT
Interest Rate Products
Commodity DerivativesEquitiesEquity
Derivatives
Market SurveillanceInformation Products
Services that reduce costs & risks
The JSE institutes rules and regulationsdesigned to increase efficiency of trading and decrease risk to investors, companies and the economy
An exchange sets up rules and regulationsto govern transactions and lowers the risk to investors, companies and the economy.
Regulation and
surveillance
The JSE provides regular, up‐to‐date information on companies and assets.
An exchange provides up‐to‐date information on companies and market activity.
The provision of market data Buyer A Buyer C
Buyer DBuyer B
Secondary market: trading in securities between
investors
Trading refers to activities in the “secondary market” where the investor can sell the asset on to other investors, who can also sell the asset and so on.
Money
Money
Mon
ey
Buyer A
Seller
Buyer C
Buyer B
Primary market: Listing of shares to raise capital
Listing is the process through which a company or government makes available assets for sale on the exchange in return for capital. Listing takes place in the “primary market”.
Money
Clearing is a post‐trade service. It involves the management of the transaction between the seller and buyer to ensure that the seller gets the money and the buyer gets the asset.
Clearing
1%11%
26%
11%
39%
3%5%
4%
Additional Basic Materials Consumer GoodsConsumer Services Financials Health CareIndustrials Oil & Gas
Listings
99109110131133141154162193211243
355399441481519
668833
1 0501 292
0 200 400 600 800 1 000 1 200 1 400
Anglo American…Nedbank Group…
Remgro LtdBarclays Africa…Steinhoff Int…
Sanlam LimitedAspen…
Old Mutual plcVodacom Group…Standard Bank…Firstrand Ltd
Anglo American plcSasol Limited
MTN Group LtdCompagnie Fin…Naspers Ltd ‐N‐BHP Billiton plc
Glencore plcSABMiller plc
British American…
Rbn
Top 20 listed companies by market cap* Stocks listed by sector*
*As at end September 2014
Many leading South African companies have become significant regional and/or global players
Trading activity across markets
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1 000 000
2 000 000
3 000 000
4 000 000
5 000 000
6 000 000
0
6 000 000
12 000 000
18 000 000
24 000 000
30 000 000
36 000 000
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014ytd
No of trades Value traded Rm
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5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
0
100 000
200 000
300 000
400 000
500 000
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014ytd
No of trades Value traded Rbn
Equities Bonds
0
1 000 000
2 000 000
3 000 000
4 000 000
5 000 000
6 000 000
7 000 000
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
Currencies CommoditiesInterest rates Equities
Derivatives
Value traded Rm:
Clearing
Who?When Lehman Brothers went bankrupt in 2008, the close‐out of the bank’s trades was instructive of the value of exchanges. The firm’s deals that were conducted on an exchange were cleared and unwound in a few weeks. By contrast Lehman’s non‐exchange trades took five years to unwind as liquidators battled to identify how much was owed to and by whom in thousands of bilateral private transactions.
• At time of collapse, 4th largest US investment bank
• Debt amounting to $619 billion
• Largest bankruptcy in US history
Clearing involves risk management, transaction monitoring and offsetting or netting multiple transactions from a buyer or seller:• Clearing ensures that the seller is able to deliver the assets that it has
promised to sell and similarly, that the buyer is able to pay the amount it has agreed to pay for the asset.
Regulation and market information
Regulation of listing and trading on the JSE:
The JSE is a self regulatory organisationoverseen by the Financial Service Board. The JSE thus sets rules and regulation for both primary and secondary markets, and enforces these rules through monitoring market activity.
• Behaviour• Transparency• Democratic information
Market information dissemination:
The JSE provides listed companies information and information on trading prices and volumes on the equity, bond and derivatives markets, as well as index data on a continual basis.
• Stock exchange news service (SENS) since 1997 (democratic dissemination of company announcements and price‐sensitive information)
• Daily market activity reports• Indices data; indices reflect changes in
market value of a group of underlying assets (e.g. healthcare index)
Who invests on the JSE?
66% of the shares on the JSE are owned by South Africans (2012)
40%
Foreign investorsSA direct investorsSA institutional investorsSA Government
21
22
21
SA Government
SA Non-BEESA BEE
SA Unmeasured
Profile of investors on the JSE:
South African institutional investors account for 40% of shareholding on the JSE. These include pension funds, life insurance companies and unit trusts. These investors hold assets on behalf of a broad range of South Africans.
Government employees as a group are the biggest shareholders of many listed companies. This is primarily through the GEPF holding shares on behalf of government employees.
21% of investors on the JSE are BEE individuals. The JSE also has a sizable percentage of international investors.
The JSE is available to all South Africans as well as international investors
Summary
The JSE makes it…
Easier
Cheaper
Less risky
Costs: Search Information Transaction Societal
Risks: Price Settlement Concentration Liquidity Systemic
Thank youQ?