An to the JSE its in the - Johannesburg Stock Exchange - … books, and to invest in infrastructure,...

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An introduction to the JSE & its role in the economy Monica Ambrosi

Transcript of An to the JSE its in the - Johannesburg Stock Exchange - … books, and to invest in infrastructure,...

Page 1: An to the JSE its in the - Johannesburg Stock Exchange - … books, and to invest in infrastructure, schools, hospitals and other public services. Companies Materials ... 2004 2006

An introduction to the JSE & its role in the economyMonica Ambrosi

Page 2: An to the JSE its in the - Johannesburg Stock Exchange - … books, and to invest in infrastructure, schools, hospitals and other public services. Companies Materials ... 2004 2006

Companies, government and the broader economy (you and I) benefit

Stock exchanges facilitate access to capital

Access to capital key for economic growth

The gear that counts…

The JSE makes it…

Easier

Cheaper

Less risky

Page 3: An to the JSE its in the - Johannesburg Stock Exchange - … books, and to invest in infrastructure, schools, hospitals and other public services. Companies Materials ... 2004 2006

The importance of finance to economic growth

A company in any sector needs three elements to grow.

Government also needs capital to balance the national books, and to invest in infrastructure, schools, hospitals and other public services.

Companies

Materials

Workforce

Capital

All sectors have one thing in 

common: their need for capital

Agriculture

Manufact‐uring

Wholesale and retail trade

ICTTransport

Tourism

Extractive industries

Page 4: An to the JSE its in the - Johannesburg Stock Exchange - … books, and to invest in infrastructure, schools, hospitals and other public services. Companies Materials ... 2004 2006

The role of financial markets

In return for capital, they provide assets like shares or bonds.

Investors trade capital in return for assets like shares or bonds.

Buyers of capital include individuals, companies and governments.

Sellers of capital include individuals, companies, governments, pension funds, investment banks, and insurance companies.

Buyers of capital = ‘borrowers’, ‘issuers’ or ‘investees’.Sellers of capital = ‘investors’, ‘savers’ or ‘lenders’. 

SellersBuyers

• Allow those who need capital (sellers of assets) to raise it. Markets pool the capital from lenders into one place and help to efficiently allocate the capital to borrowers.

• Allow sellers of capital (those with excess capital) to invest in financial assets. Financial markets offer a range of products with different rates of return, risk profiles and investment terms to allow savers a broad range of wealth creation options. 

• Allow both sellers and buyers to manage the risk of changing prices. These risks arise due to changes in the inherent value of assets, as well as external factors such as the domestic and international economic conditions, fluctuations in exchange rates, and political unrest, amongst other things.

Transact

Page 5: An to the JSE its in the - Johannesburg Stock Exchange - … books, and to invest in infrastructure, schools, hospitals and other public services. Companies Materials ... 2004 2006

Financial markets: components

Financial markets

Capital markets

Equity markets Bond markets

Money markets Derivatives markets

Long‐term finance for capital investments & expansion projects

Derive value from other assets –equities, bonds, currencies etc.

Short‐term finance – from 1 day to 1 year (mostly 3 months)

Stocks/shares:• Provide part 

ownership of company

• Can pay dividends

Bonds:• Promise by 

government or company to repay borrowed money with interest

Derivatives:• Contract to buy 

or sell an asset in the future at a price agreed & fixed now

• Types: equity; interest rate; commodity; currency; etc.

Page 6: An to the JSE its in the - Johannesburg Stock Exchange - … books, and to invest in infrastructure, schools, hospitals and other public services. Companies Materials ... 2004 2006

From small beginnings…

2012200920062004200320022001199619631887

JSE established

Member of World Federation of Exchanges

SAFEX acquired by the exchange

JSE adopts London Stock Exchange's trading technology

Alt‐X launched with The dti

SRI Index launched

JSE Ltd lists on the Main Board

Bond market incorporated into the exchange

The World Federation of Exchanges is an association of 58 publicly regulated exchanges

Open outcry floor replaced with automated trading system

1978 2002

New equity trading platform

2014

The gold rush

Page 7: An to the JSE its in the - Johannesburg Stock Exchange - … books, and to invest in infrastructure, schools, hospitals and other public services. Companies Materials ... 2004 2006

The exchange value chain

LISTING

TRADING

CLEARING

SETTLEMENT

Interest Rate Products

Commodity DerivativesEquitiesEquity 

Derivatives

Market SurveillanceInformation Products

Page 8: An to the JSE its in the - Johannesburg Stock Exchange - … books, and to invest in infrastructure, schools, hospitals and other public services. Companies Materials ... 2004 2006

Services that reduce costs & risks

The JSE institutes rules and regulationsdesigned to increase efficiency of trading and decrease risk to investors, companies and the economy

An exchange sets up rules and regulationsto govern  transactions and lowers the risk to investors, companies and the economy.

Regulation and 

surveillance

The JSE provides regular, up‐to‐date information on companies and assets.

An exchange provides up‐to‐date information on companies and market activity.

The provision of market data Buyer A Buyer C

Buyer DBuyer B

Secondary market: trading in securities between 

investors

Trading refers to activities in the “secondary market” where the investor can sell the asset on to other investors, who can also sell the asset and so on. 

Money

Money

Mon

ey

Buyer A

Seller

Buyer C

Buyer B 

Primary market: Listing of shares to raise capital

Listing is the process through which a company or government makes available assets for sale on the exchange in return for capital. Listing  takes place in the “primary market”.

Money

Clearing is a post‐trade service. It involves the management of the transaction between the seller and buyer to ensure that the seller gets the money and the buyer gets the asset.

Clearing

Page 9: An to the JSE its in the - Johannesburg Stock Exchange - … books, and to invest in infrastructure, schools, hospitals and other public services. Companies Materials ... 2004 2006

1%11%

26%

11%

39%

3%5%

4%

Additional Basic Materials Consumer GoodsConsumer Services Financials Health CareIndustrials Oil & Gas

Listings

99109110131133141154162193211243

355399441481519

668833

1 0501 292

0 200 400 600 800 1 000 1 200 1 400

Anglo American…Nedbank Group…

Remgro LtdBarclays Africa…Steinhoff Int…

Sanlam LimitedAspen…

Old Mutual plcVodacom Group…Standard Bank…Firstrand Ltd

Anglo American plcSasol Limited

MTN Group LtdCompagnie Fin…Naspers Ltd ‐N‐BHP Billiton plc

Glencore plcSABMiller plc

British American…

Rbn

Top 20 listed companies by market cap* Stocks listed by sector*

*As at end September 2014

Many leading South African companies have become significant regional and/or global players

Page 10: An to the JSE its in the - Johannesburg Stock Exchange - … books, and to invest in infrastructure, schools, hospitals and other public services. Companies Materials ... 2004 2006

Trading activity across markets

 ‐

 1 000 000

 2 000 000

 3 000 000

 4 000 000

 5 000 000

 6 000 000

0

6 000 000

12 000 000

18 000 000

24 000 000

30 000 000

36 000 000

2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014ytd

No of trades Value traded Rm

 ‐

 5 000

 10 000

 15 000

 20 000

 25 000

0

100 000

200 000

300 000

400 000

500 000

2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014ytd

No of trades Value traded Rbn

Equities Bonds

0

1 000 000

2 000 000

3 000 000

4 000 000

5 000 000

6 000 000

7 000 000

2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

Currencies CommoditiesInterest rates Equities

Derivatives

Value traded Rm:

Page 11: An to the JSE its in the - Johannesburg Stock Exchange - … books, and to invest in infrastructure, schools, hospitals and other public services. Companies Materials ... 2004 2006

Clearing

Who?When Lehman Brothers went bankrupt in 2008, the close‐out of the bank’s trades was instructive of the value of exchanges. The firm’s deals that were conducted on an exchange were cleared and unwound in a few weeks. By contrast Lehman’s non‐exchange trades took five years to unwind as liquidators battled to identify how much was owed to and by whom in thousands of bilateral private transactions. 

• At time of collapse, 4th largest US investment bank

• Debt amounting to $619 billion

• Largest bankruptcy in US history

Clearing involves risk management, transaction monitoring and offsetting or netting multiple transactions from a buyer or seller:• Clearing ensures that the seller is able to deliver the assets that it has 

promised to sell and similarly, that the buyer is able to pay the amount it has agreed to pay for the asset.

Page 12: An to the JSE its in the - Johannesburg Stock Exchange - … books, and to invest in infrastructure, schools, hospitals and other public services. Companies Materials ... 2004 2006

Regulation and market information

Regulation of listing and trading on the JSE:

The JSE is a self regulatory organisationoverseen by the Financial Service Board. The JSE thus sets rules and regulation for both primary and secondary markets, and enforces these rules through monitoring market activity.

• Behaviour• Transparency• Democratic information

Market information dissemination:

The JSE provides listed companies information and information on trading prices and volumes on the equity, bond and derivatives markets, as well as index data on a continual basis.

• Stock exchange news service (SENS) since 1997 (democratic dissemination of company announcements and price‐sensitive information)

• Daily market activity reports• Indices data; indices reflect changes in 

market value of a group of underlying assets (e.g. healthcare index)

Page 13: An to the JSE its in the - Johannesburg Stock Exchange - … books, and to invest in infrastructure, schools, hospitals and other public services. Companies Materials ... 2004 2006

Who invests on the JSE?

66% of the shares on the JSE are owned by South Africans (2012)

40%

Foreign investorsSA direct investorsSA institutional investorsSA Government

21

22

21

SA Government

SA Non-BEESA BEE

SA Unmeasured

Profile of investors on the JSE:

South African institutional investors account for 40% of shareholding on the JSE. These include pension funds, life insurance companies and unit trusts. These investors hold assets on behalf of a broad range of South Africans. 

Government employees as a group are the biggest shareholders of many listed companies. This is primarily through  the GEPF holding shares on behalf of government employees. 

21% of investors on the JSE are BEE individuals.  The JSE also has a sizable percentage of international investors. 

The JSE is available to all South Africans as well as international investors

Page 14: An to the JSE its in the - Johannesburg Stock Exchange - … books, and to invest in infrastructure, schools, hospitals and other public services. Companies Materials ... 2004 2006

Summary

The JSE makes it…

Easier

Cheaper

Less risky

Costs: Search Information Transaction Societal

Risks: Price Settlement Concentration Liquidity Systemic

Page 15: An to the JSE its in the - Johannesburg Stock Exchange - … books, and to invest in infrastructure, schools, hospitals and other public services. Companies Materials ... 2004 2006

Thank youQ?