AN OVERVIEW OF INCOME GENERATION AND POVERTY REDUCTION FOR DEVELOPMENT IN

TANZANIA

A COUNTRY REPORT PRESENTED AT MEKONG INSTITUTE – THAILAND

BY

JULIUS NINGUMINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE FOOD SECURITY

AND COOPERATIVES

February 2010

CONTENTS1.0 COUNTRY PROFILE,

2.0 GoT AND NGOs INTERNVETIONS FOR INCOME GENERATION AND POVERTY REDUCTION ,- NSGRP,- STRENGTHS OF IMPLEMENTING NSGRP,- IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS, - CONTEXT OF NSGRP,

3.0 ACHIEVEMENTS CONCERNING INCOME GENERATION AND POVERTY REDUCTION- GROWTH AND REDUCTION OF INCOME POVERTY,- IMPROVED QUALITY OF LIFE AND SOCIAL WELBEING,- GOVERNANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY

4.0 PROBLEMS, OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN THE INTERVENTIONS- CHALLENGES,- WEAKNESSES,- RISKS AND THREATS,- WAY FORWARD

IT’S LOCATION

- Longitude 290 and 410 East. Latitude 10 and 120 South,

- Area - 945,000km2,- Water: 62,000km2,- Forest and woodlands: 3,350 km2, - Tropical type of climate with uni and bimodal rainfall regimes,

- Multi party democracy with 26 & 133 districts,

- Population - 37 million people (2007),

- 126 ethnic groups unified by Swahili language,

-Mt. Kilimanjaro: 5,895 m.a.s.l

Natural resources - gold, diamonds, tanzanite and various gemstones, natural gas, iron ore, coal, spring water, phosphates, soda ash and salt, - 12 National Parks, 13 Game reserves, 38 Game Controlled Areas: National Cultural Heritage Sites (about 120 sites),- Three large lakes: Victoria, Tanganyika and Nyasa, the Indian Ocean, rivers and wetlands. Fish catch estimated to be 730,000 metric tons annually,

2.0 GoT AND NGOs INTERNVETIONS FOR INCOME GENERATION AND POVERTY REDUCTION -NSGRP (2005 - 2010) with a vision of 2025, and MDGs by 2015- It builds on PRS(P) (2000/01 -02/03) and the Tanzania Mini -Tiger Plan 2020,

-Total population = 40.54 million (2009 forecast)

-Urban population as % of total population = 25% (2006)

-Population growth rate = 2.50%

-% of population living on less than $1 a day= 51% by (2002) Vs 38% (2007)

- GDP per capita - current prices = $547 (2009 estimate)

- Capital gains = 20.00%

GDP CMPOSITION BY SECTOR (2008 ESTIMATES)- agriculture: 27% (Crop sub sector) - industry: 22.7% - services: 50.3%

Contribution of the agricultural and related sectors to the GDP 56.5% (2007)

Source (http://www.gfmag.com/gdp-data-country-reports/164-tanzania-gdp-country-report.html)

Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

%GDP 6.0 7.2 5.6 6.7 7.4 6.7 7.1 7.4 5.3

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008

% Agric. growth 5.2 4.1 5.0 5.7

STRENGTHS OF IMPLEMENTING NSGRP

- National ownership - participatory mechanisms at national and local levels,

- Political commitment to democracy and human rights,

- Commitment to macroeconomic and structural reforms, - Sector strategies, linkages and collaboration,

- Local partnerships the space for local stakeholders,

- Harmonized assistance

- Equity - reducing inequalities,

- Sustainable human development

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A.Institutions- Macro sectors - financial mobilization and management,

- Productive sectors - agriculture, mining, trade and industry,- Social service sectors - education, health, water and sanitation,- Economic services sectors - roads, construction, transport and

communication, energy, water, lands, storage facilities and ICT,- Public administration sectors - Central Government ministries & LGAs.

B. Non-government actors- Communities - planning, implementation and monitoring,- Private sector – PPP,- Civil Society Organizations – advocacy on GoT accountability,

C. Development Partners,- Donors and other international agencies

3.0 ACHIEVEMENTS

Cluster I: Growth and Reduction of Income Poverty (criteria)

Outcome: Equitable growth,

Goals:1) Economic management,

(ii) Sustainable and broad -based growth (GDP),

(iii) Food availability and accessibility,

(iv) Reducing income poverty in urban and rural areas,

(v) Provision of reliable and affordable energy to consumers.

Goal 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

1.(Export) n.a n.a 6.4 4.5 n.a

2. % GDP 7.4 6.7 7.1 7.4 5.3

3. Food sec (%) ssr

n.a n.a 112 50 35

4 & 5 income per capita

n.a n.a 1.2 n.a 1.0

6. Energy n.a n.a n.a < 2.5 n.a

CLUSTER I: GROWTH AND REDUCTION OF INCOME POVERTYBroad Outcome: Broad based and equitable growth is achieved and sustained

CLUSTER II. IMPROVED QUALITY OF LIFE AND SOCIAL WELBEING

Outcomes: Improved social well -being, reduced Inequalities in access to education, health, income, age and gender Goals: (1) Equal access to quality education,

2) Improved survival, health and well -being of children, women and vulnerable groups,

(3) Access to clean, affordable and safe water, sanitation, shelter and environment,

(4) Adequate social protection and provision of basic needs and services,

(5) Universal access to quality and affordable public services.

Goal 2005 2006 2007

1. Education (% enrolment) 10 10.5 11

2. Infant mortality rate/1000 112 68 n.a

3. Clean water % n.a 40 Vs 20 50

4. Social protection n.a n.a n.a

5. Acces to public serv % n.a 50 86 < 30minutes

IMPROVED QUALITY OF LIFE AND SOCIAL WELBEING

Outcomes: Improved quality of life and social well -being, reduced Inequalities in access to education, survival, health, income, age, gender and other groups

Cluster III: Governance and Accountability

Outcomes: Good governance and rule of law, accountable leaders, public servants, political tolerance, stability, peace and national unity.

Goals:(1) Democratic governance & rule of law,

(2) Equitable allocation of public resources,

(3) Improved and effective public services,

(4) Protection of the rights of the poor and vulnerable groups,

(5) Reduction of political and social exclusion and intolerance,

(6) Improved security (reduced crime, sexual abuse and domestic violence),

(7) National cultural identities enhanced and promoted

Goal 2005 2006 2007 2008

1. Governance and rule of law (gender in leadership)

26.8% 38.36% n.a n.a

2. Equitable allocation of public resources

n.a n.a 111. 3% n.a

3. Effective public service (hospt & schools >30 minuts)

69%, 90%, 93% n.a

4. Rights of the poor and vulnerable

58% n.a 46.7% (978 appeals were heard and 1,111

were disposed )

n.a

5. Political and Social Exclusion (CHR)

226 remandees (39 complaints advised & 187 resolved

4,523 new complaints 3,149 resolved (70%)

n.a

6. Personal and material securities

44,565 (inmates) 39,782 931 out prisoners

7. National cultural identities (training)

2840 - music, fine arts, traditional and modern dance,

330 - intellectual property rights

n.a

Cluster III: Governance and Accountability

Outcomes: Good governance and the rule of law, accountable leaders and public servants, political tolerance and stability, Peace, national unity.

4.0 PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES IN THE INTERVENTIONS

A.Challenges - translation of achievements to grassroots level, - Reduce dependency on hydro energy, - Agricultural sector being rain-fed, - Environmental degradation,

B. Weaknesses - ad -hoc Participatory structures, - Inadequate collaboration between stakeholders, -Inadequate implementation of cross -cutting issues, - Inadequate capacity in key Government institutions, - CSO lacked access to adequate mechanism of implementation,

4.0 PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES ………..C. Risks – Dependence of national income on agric., _ Expenditure needs for the forthcoming general election (October 2010), - Global economic crisis, - Unforeseen natural calamities,

WAY FORWARD: - - adoption of agriculture and livestock policy that is geared towards small-scale, - Revitalized commercial agriculture, - Availability of inputs and extension services, - Better roads, electricity &communication, - Financial sector reforms,

AHSANTE SANA