An Overview A Key to Green Agriculture in the Tropicscrsps.net/wp-content/downloads/IPM/Inventoried...
Transcript of An Overview A Key to Green Agriculture in the Tropicscrsps.net/wp-content/downloads/IPM/Inventoried...
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IPM CRSP: An Overview – A Key to Green Agriculture in the Tropics R. Muniappan Director, Integrated Pest Management
Collaborative Research Support Program Office of International Research, Education, and Development, Virginia Tech
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IPM CRSP at
Virginia Tech Phase I (1993–1998) 4 host countries
Phase II (1999–2004) 9 host countries
Phase III (2005–2009) 32 host countries
Phase IV (2009–2014) 16 host countries
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The IPM CRSP works in hot, flat, and crowded parts of
the tropical world.
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IPM CRSP Host Country
Regions in Phase IV (2009-2014)
Six regions
16 countries
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Purpose of the IPM CRSP Develop and implement an approach to IPM that can reduce:
• Crop and income
losses due to pests
• Damage to natural
ecosystems
• Contamination of food
and water
Researcher works with eggplants at Tamil Nadu
Agricultural University
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The IPM CRSP is designed to: • Improve opportunities
for women
• Improve health and the
environment
• Improve farmers’
knowledge
• Increase household
income
• Boost trade
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The IPM CRSP approach
• Participatory IPM
• Training
• Networking
• Research
• Involvement of public
and private sector
• Technology transfer
• Gender considerations
Farmer field school in Uganda
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The IPM CRSP’s reach
• Operates in 6 tropical regions
• Covers one-third of the world population
• Collaborates with:
20 U.S. universities
40 Host country institutions
7 IARCs
7 NGOs
10 Private institutions
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IPM CRSP emphasis
Phases I + II (1993–2003)
IPM components,
institutionalization
Phase III (2004–2009)
IPM components,
regionalization and
globalization
Phase IV (2009–2014)
IPM packages for
selected crops,
globalization
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Current IPM CRSP programs Regional programs
• Southeast Asia: Mike Hammig, Clemson University
Philippines, Indonesia, Cambodia
• South Asia: Ed Rajotte, Penn State University
Bangladesh, India, Nepal
• Central Asia: Karim Maredia, Michigan State University
Tajikistan
• East Africa: Mark Erbaugh, Ohio State University
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
• West Africa: Doug Pfeiffer, Virginia Tech
Ghana, Senegal
• Latin America and the Caribbean: Jeff Alwang, Virginia Tech
Ecuador, Honduras, Guatemala
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Current IPM CRSP programs Global theme or cross cutting programs
• Invasive Weed, Parthenium: Wondi Mersie, Virginia State Univ.
Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania
• Plant Diagnostic Laboratories: Sally Miller, Ohio State
For all regions
• International Plant Disease Network: Sue Tolin, Virginia Tech
For all regions
• Impact Assessment: George Norton, Virginia Tech
For all regions
• Gender Knowledge: Maria Elisa Christie, Virginia Tech
For all regions
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Solarization experiment
at FHIA in Honduras
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Yellow sticky trap for
catching adult leafminers
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Trichoderma and Pseudomonas production in India
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Use of Trichoderma in IPM • Produced by farmers’
organizations in the
Philippines,
Indonesia, Cambodia,
and Bangladesh
• Size quality difference
in broccoli,
Trichoderma treated
vs. untreated
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Grafting to confer resistance to soil-borne diseases
• Eggplant yield ↑ 249% in Bangladesh
• Technology transferred to India, Nepal, Uganda, Honduras, and Ecuador
• Technology transferred from Bangladesh to Ohio
Dead eggplant due to bacterial wilt
Healthy field of grafted eggplant
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Neem tree
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Neem Extract Preparation in
Indonesia
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NPVs for Spodoptera & Helicoverpa
Dr. Samsuddin explains about the production and use of NPV for the control of Spodoptera at his local
NGO in Bogor, Indonesia.
Helicoverpa trap
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Biological control of papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus
Order: Hemiptera, Suborder: Sternorrhyncha, Family: Pseudococcidae
• Native to Mexico
• First described in 1902
• Caribbean: 1995-2000
• Pacific: 2000-2005
• Asia: 2008
• West Africa: 2009
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Papaya field damaged
by mealybug
Acerophagus papayae, a parasitoid
of papaya mealybug
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Classical Biological Control of Papaya Mealybug in India – benefit $100 Million in One year
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Artificial nest for ants in cacao trees to repel cacao pod borer moths in Indonesia
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Biocontrol agent production in Honduras
Predaceous mite collection in the lab
Orius bug production
Predaceous mite production
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Pheromone traps used
in IPM CRSP regions • Helicoverpa armigera – Asia and Africa
• Spodoptera litura – Asia
• Spodoptera lituralis – Africa
• Plutella xylostella – All regions
• Bactrocera dorsalis – Asia
• Bactrocera cucurbitae – Asia and Africa
• Coffee berry borer – Asia and Africa
• Coffee white stem borer – Asia
• Leucinodes orbonalis – Asia
• Neoleucinodes elegantalis – LAC
• Cacao pod borer - Indonesia
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IPM practice in bitter melon crop in Bangladesh
• Application of compost with Trichoderma
• Cuelure traps (left)
• Mashed sweet melon traps
• Picking disposal of fruit fly infested fruits
• Parasitoid release
Area-wide management of melon fly
Mashed sweet melon trap
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Peanut bud necrosis virus of tomato • Transmitted by thrips, Thrips
palmae
• Common in India
• Roguing is effective in controlling
this virus
Unrogued field
Rogued field
Peanut bud necrosis virus-infected tomatoes
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Geminivirus control in tomatoes Tomato yellow leaf
curl virus
transmitted by
white flies, primarily
Bemisia tabaci
Host-free period for
3 months is
effective in
reducing the
incidence
Virus-infected tomatoes versus healthy tomatoes
Field without host-free period versus field with host-free period
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Crops
Vegetables
• Tomato • Cucurbits • Eggplant • Crucifers • Pepper
• Beans • Potato • Onions • Sweet potato =90%
Fruits and other crops
• Coffee • Passion Fruit • Citrus • Naranjilla • Cocoa
• Wheat • Tree tomato • Mora =10%
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IPM CRSP package
• Soil treatment: VAM, Solarization, neem cake application
• Seed treatment: Trichoderma, Pseudomonas
fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis
• Grafting on resistant rootstock for control of bacterial
and Fusarium wilts and nematodes
• Hot water treatment for mite control in strawberries
• Staking and mulching
• Host-free period and roguing for virus disease control
• Pheromone traps
• Biopesticides: NPVs, Bt, neem, Heterorhabditis
Components
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IPM CRSP package
• Resistant varieties
• Biological control – Use of parasitoids and predators
such as Trichogramma, Bracon, Orius, Neoseiulus, and
others
Components (continued)
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IPM for tomato
• Seed or seedling treatment with Trichoderma, Pseudomonas,
and Bacillus subtilus
• Solarization of seed beds and in greenhouses
• Use of VAM, neem cake, and other organics
• Use of virus disease-resistant varieties
• Grafting on resistant rootstock for bacterial wilt, cork root
disease, and others
• Staking and mulching
• Yellow sticky traps for thrips, leafminers, etc.
• Pheromone traps and use of NPVs for Heliothis and Spodoptera
• Host free period and roguing for control of virus diseases
Components
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IPM for eggplant (Asia)
• Seed or seedling treatment with Trichoderma, Pseudomonas,
and Bacillus subtillus
• Use of VAM, neem cake, and other organics
• Resistant varieties for leafhoppers and nematodes
• Grafting for bacterial wilt
• Pheromone traps for fruit and shoot borer
• Release of Trichogramma and earwigs for control of FSB
• Yellow sticky traps for thrips, leafminers, etc.
• Verticillium lecanii for control of aphids, leaf hoppers,
whiteflies, and others - South and Southeast Asia, LAC
Components
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Farmers field school In Indonesia
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Information
dissemination through
farmers field schools
and mass media
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International workshop on production of biocontrol agents (Trichoderma & Pseudomonas)
• Participants:
Bangladesh,
Honduras, India,
Indonesia,
Kyrgyzstan, and
Uzbekistan
• Hands on
experience on
isolation, culture,
and mass
production of
Trichoderma and
Pseudomonas
• Event took place in July 2011 at TNAU. USAID India Mission personnel joined the
workshop participants in their field visits to the TNAU IPM CRSP research plots and to
a private company developing and commercializing microbial biocontrol agents.
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Research and management of insect-transmitted virus diseases in the tropics and subtropics
• July 2012 workshop held at TNAU.
• Participants: Bangladesh, Ghana,
Honduras, India, Indonesia, Senegal,
Tanzania, Uganda, and the United
States.
• USAID India Mission personnel
attended the Inaugural session.
• Objective: review the current status
of insect-transmitted virus disease
management in the tropics and
subtropics and develop a plan for
future collaborative research under
the IPM CRSP International Plant
Virus Disease Network.
• Discussions focused on the current
status of research, education, and
extension relevant to the
management of virus diseases.
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FY 2011: Long-term training
• 54 graduate students
• 25 men and 29 women (more than a 1:1 ratio)
• 17 PhDs and 37 MS
• PhD to MS ratio = 1 : 2
Graduate students from the following countries were
funded by the IPM CRSP in FY 2011: Bangladesh,
Dominican Republic, Ethiopia, Honduras, India,
Indonesia, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Senegal, Tajikistan,
Tanzania, Uganda, United States, and Uzbekistan.
Graduate students funded by the IPM CRSP
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FY 2011: Short-term training Regional programs Participants LAC 748
East Africa 649
West Africa 44
South Asia 7,029
Southeast Asia 3,784
Central Asia 2,671
Global themes Parthenium 240
IPDN 325
IPVDN 135
Impact Assessment 16
Gender 313
TOTAL 15,954
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FY 2011: IPM CRSP publications
Regional programs Publication totals LAC 11
East Africa 35
West Africa 5
South Asia 137
Southeast Asia 31
Central Asia 11
Global themes Publication totals Parthenium 1
IPDN 5
IPVDN 10
Impact Assessment 2
Gender 3
TOTAL 253